FORM OF VALIDATION GEOLOGY SEMINAR

THE UNIQUE TECTONIC SETTING OF HALMAHERA

A Scientific Paper Submitted in fulfillment of Semester VIII Curriculum,Geological Study Program.

By : YOSAFAT SIMANJUNTAK 08.287.5028

Acknowledged by Faculty of Mineral Technology Dean,

Approved by Geological Study Program Head of,

Ir.Lesman Ketaren

John Perry Girsang,ST

FORM OF VALIDATION GEOLOGY SEMINAR

THE UNIQUE TECTONIC SETTING OF HALMAHERA

A Scientific Paper Submitted in fulfillment of Semester VIII Curriculum,Geological Study Program.

By : YOSAFAT SIMANJUNTAK 08.287.5028

Approved by Advisor Lecturer

Ir.Lesman Ketaren

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PREFACE
All the glory and thanks the author wish to prayed to the Lord Jesus Christ,for His mercy and blessing that make this scientific paper,The Unique Tectonic Setting of Halmahera,can be finished in time.This paper is presented in academic fulfillment of Semester VIII Curriculum,Geological Study Program,Faculty of Mineral Technology,Institute of Science and Technology T.D.Pardede (ISTP),Medan. The main reason of the writing of this paper was the idea that Halmahera is very unique.Therefore,the author is attempting to introduce and discuss Halmahera through this paper so we can learn this unique island,particularly its geology and tectonic,including its plate tectonic reconstruction. No book or paper can be completed without the help and encouragement of other.Therefore,the author would like to express his gratitude and thank to :

1. Mr Ir.Lesman Ketaren,Dean of Faculty of Mineral Technology and

the authors advisor lecturer.

2. Mr John Perry Girsang,ST,Head of Geological Study Program. 3. My parents for their unfailing love and support.Thank you pap,I
wont let you down again,and mom,i know you are praying for me every single night.I love you both.

4. My brother,Ernesto Partahan Simanjuntak (really hope we can make

it through) and my two sisters,Metha Anastassia Simanjuntak,S.Si(more sleepover?) and Fitha Cecillia Simanjuntak (really miss you sista).

5. Fellow goonermate at AIS.Lets keep our head up.Next year is ours!!

6. My friends at Geology Engineering,Mining Engineering and UKM ISTP. This paper is far from perfect.Therefore suggestions and input are most welcome to improve the next edition. Medan,June 3,2009

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Author

LIST OF CONTENTS

Page FORM OF VALIDATION PREFACE LIST OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT ABSTRAK ... . .

i iii iv v vi vii

..

...................................................................................... 1 .. 1 2 2 3

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3

Background .. Purpose of the Study Methods . .

CHAPTER 2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY 2.1 2.2

3 5 6 7 8

Halmahera Provinces Stratigraphy 2.2.1 Eastern Halmahera Province .. 2.2.1 Western Halmahera Province .

CHAPTER 3 TECTONIC SETTING 3.1

8 8

Hall vs Hamilton ..

3.1.1 The Eastern Arc .. 10 3.1.2 The Western Arc 10 3.2 Some Other Researches 12 CHAPTER 4 RECONSTRUCTION OF HALMAHERA CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS . 17 18

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REFERENCES

...............

LIST OF FIGURES

Page Figure 1. The Map of Indonesia 1 Figure 2. The Map of Halmahera 2 Figure 3 Figure 4. Simplified Geological Map of Halmahera 5 Figure 5. Tectonic Modelling of Eastern Halmahera 9 Figure 6. Reconstruction of Halmahera 50 Ma 12 Figure 7. Reconstruction of Halmahera 45 Ma 12 Figure 8. Reconstruction of Halmahera 40 Ma 13 Figure 9. Reconstruction of Halmahera 35 Ma 13 Figure 10. Reconstruction of Halmahera 30 Ma 14 Figure 11. Reconstruction of Halmahera 25 Ma 14 Figure 12. Reconstruction of Halmahera 20 Ma 15 Figure 13. Reconstruction of Halmahera 15 Ma 15 .. 3. Halmahera Provinces .. .....

Figure 14. Reconstruction of Halmahera 10 Ma 16 Figure 15. Reconstruction of Halmahera 5 Ma 16

..

ABSTRACT
Geologically and tectonically,Halmahera island is unique.It represent a typical island arc configuration in eastern Indonesia.Halmahera has come into existence as result of plate collision in the western Pacific region,including the megaplates Eurasia,Pacific and Indo-Australia.Its main characteristic is the double arc system (two arc system),that is a volcanic arc in the west and a non-volcanic arc in the east.Active volcanism in the western arc is closely related to the active arc-arc collision which is presently developing in the Molucca Sea to the west of Halmahera. Stratigraphically,each province has its own characteristics in physiography,rock assemblage,stratigraphy,structure, and tectonic development.

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The northeastern and southeastern arms make up the Eastern Halmahera Province,whilst Morotai island,the north and south arms Halmahera,the small islands west of Halmahera together with Bacan and Obi islands constitute the Western Halmahera-Obi Province. Regional geology mapping was carried out by several geologists that brought their ideas of tectonic setting of Halmahera.A comprehensive study from these geologists may be useful in understanding the unique tectonic setting of Halmahera.

ABSTRAK
Secara geologi dan tektonik,pulau Halmahera sangat unik.Halmahera mencirikan konfigurasi busur kepulauan yang khas di Indonesia Timur.Halmahera terbentuk sebagai hasil dari tumbukan lempeng di daerah barat Pasifik,yang meliputi lempeng Eurasia,lempeng Pasifik dan lempeng Hindia-Australia.Karakteristik utama dari Halmahera adalah sistem double-busur (sistem dua busur),yakni busur vulkanik di sebelah barat dan busur non-vulkanik di timur.Aktifitas vulkanisme di busur barat berhubungan erat dengan tumbukan antar busur aktif yang saat ini masih berlangsung di Laut Maluku ke arah barat Halmahera. Secara stratigrafi,setiap provinsi memiliki ciri-ciri yang khas dalam hal fisiografi,asosiasi batuan,urut-urutan batuan,struktur dan perkembangan

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tektonik.Bagian lengan timurlaut dan tenggara menyusun provinsi Halmahera Timur,sementara pulau Morotai,lengan utara dan selatan Halmahera,pulau-pulau kecil di barat Halmahera bersama pulau Bacan dan Obi menyusun provinsi Halmahera Barat-Obi. Pemetaan geologi regional telah dilakukan oleh beberapa geologist yang menghasilkan pemikiran-pemikiran mengenai setting tektonik di Halmahera .Studi menyeluruh dari para geologist ini mungkin dapat membantu dalam mempelajari keunikan setting tektonik dari Halmahera.

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