Ionic or Covalent Mysteries Sharlene Pennington Jeffrey Lee Amy Yamamoto Period.

Introduction:

The objective of this lab is to examine the properties of ionic compounds and covalent compounds. An ionic compound is two or more ions held next to each other by an electrical attraction. Polar covalent compound is bond between two non-metals with different electronegativity s. A nonpolar covalent compound is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms. A network covalent compound is when atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network. Metallic compounds contain at least one metallic element. The melting point of an element or compound means the temperatures at which the solid form of the element or compound is at equilibrium with the liquid form. Solubility is the maximum quantity of a substance that may be dissolved in another. Conductivity is the ability or power to conduct or transmit heat, electricity, or sound.

Procedure:

Part 1 Solubility in water 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Fill the first row of wells w/ water. Use the wood-splint to dispense a small amount of each chemical into it s place. Stir with the plastic stirring rod ( Rinse out for each sample) Record either soluble or insoluble. Don t throw away. Save for Part 2

Part 2- Conductivity in water 1. Test for conductivity w/ a conductivity tester, and only test the samples from part 1 that are soluble in water. 2. Rinse the prongs w/ water and dry them with paper towel after each test. Make sure it is unplugged before washing. 3. Record observations in data table determining if it was a good conductor, or poor conductor. Part 3- Solubility in isopropanol 1. Repeat this procedure using the isopropanol as a solvent. 2. Dispose the mixture by using a plastic pipet. Place waste in the organic waste container in the fume hood. 3. Record the solubility s of each samples as soluble or insoluble in alcohol.

Part 4- Melting Point 1. Place a small sample of each solid on a labeled piece of paper. 2. Use a capillary tube which is sealed at one end and push the open end into the solid. 3. When you have a small amount of solid into the tube, tap the bottom close of the tube so the solid falls down. 4. Use a piece of tape to attach the tube to a thermometer. The sample should be at the same level of the bulb of the thermometer. 5. Set up a warm bath. Place a beaker one-half full with water on the hot plate. 6. Put the thermometer and attached capillary tube into the water bath. Clamp the thermometer to the rin stand so that it doesn t touch the sides or bottom of the beaker. 7. Heat the water bath , stirring with a glass stirring rod. 8. Observe the crystals in the sample 9. Record the melting point to the nearest 0.1 degrees celcius. 10. Repeat this procedure for each sample. Replace water bath with cool tap water for each sample being tested.

Data:

Napthalene 80.2 84.5 85.0 75.0 83.5 84.0 80.9 81.5 Mean=81.825 Median=82.5 Actual Melting Point= 80.26C % Error=0.07%

Lauric Acid 58.4 54.5 50.0 55.0 53.0 55.5 59.5 60.1 Mean=55.75 Median=55.25 Actual Melting Point=43.2 C % Error=35.19%

Conclusion:

The purpose of this lab is to examine the properties of covalent and ionic compounds. To determine if the compound was ionic or covalent, we had to run the elements through procedures to examine their melting points, solubility in water, and electrical conductivity.

Lab Summary Data C10H8 Mg C12H24O2 C12H22O11 NaCl ? Covalent Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic ?

Napthalene Magnesium Lauric Acid Sucrose Sodium Chloride Unknown C

Percent Error on First Data Table