CHAPTER NO: 1 Introduction

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
I had been undergone Institutional training aver a period of one and half month in VEE TEE CREATION in TIRUPUR. This project covers various departments and focuses on each and every department in order to gain knowledge about a garment. There is also an annexure of a financial statement of the company the organization chart, history of the company, various department of the company. The project is in consonance with the partial fulfillment of the degree requirement. The following are the specific objectives of Training Programme: To study about the organization and management. To analyze various functions performed by the various departments in the company. To secure practical knowledge regarding the Manufacturing, Finance, Accounting aspects and Marketing of yarn. To get an industrial exposure To be aware of the happening in a particular industry To achieve knowledge about different sectors in market for making choice as to which go for. To learn functioning and operations of different in an organization To get knowledge about the working culture of the organization To have knowledge about the huge management practices and get the practical knowledge of what we have studied. This will help me to know about the current scenario of the corporate sector and their strategies which will be very useful during my future endeavors.

CHAPTER NO: 2 ABOUT TEXTILE INDUSTRY

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CHAPTER 2

ABOUT TEXTILE INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION The Indian Textile industry occupies an important place in the economy of the country because of its contribution to the industrial output, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. At present, the contribution of the textiles Industries to GDP is about 4 percent. The textile industry provides direct employment to about more then 30 million peoples and is the second largest employment provider in India after agriculture. The contribution of this Industry to gross export earning is about 37 percent and its ads less then 1.5 percent to the gross import bill of the country. ORGANIZED TEXTILE INDUSTRY The organized textile industry consists of three distinct categories viz. spinning mills, Coarse and medium composite mills, and superfine composite mills are not able to adjust their cost in the face of rising prices of raw materials and increase in wages. Consequently, many of them became uneconomic units and ran into difficulties. Fine and superfine composite mills use foreign cotton; they are not subject to stock restriction and can, therefore, carry on stable production programmer. PROBLEM OF COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY In the past, cotton mill industry suffered from incompetent and selfish managing agents and directors who were more interested in modernization. If management of textile units had been selfish and exploitative, the role of trade unions in the industry has not been helpful either. In fact, the closure of many textile mills in the country was forced upon by 4

short-sighted union leadership. The Bombay mill industry, for instance, was literally ruined by one-year long strike organized by Dutta samant controlled unions. Besides these, the two most important factors which have spelt disaster to the industry in the last three decades are Governments textile policy and growth of the power loom sector. The result was that many textile mills became inefficient and uneconomic-one third of the mills became sick and were closed down. As many as 132 mills have been closed down. GOVERNMENT CONTROL AND HEAVY EXCISE DUTIES The cotton textile industry has suffered badly due to wrong and, often confused policy of the Government. In the past Government had sought control of price, distribution of yarn, pattern of production, etc. At one time, price of cloth were fixed by the Government far below cost. Under the yarn distribution scheme of 1972, the Government made it obligatory on all mills to supply 50 percent of the production of yarn to the decentralized sector at reduced rates. The duty on imported cotton was quite high and it not only made import of cotton. The excise duties on different varieties of cotton cloth were quite heavy and besides, they were discriminatory. A serious problem of the mill sector at one time related to production of controlled cloth. To ensure availability of coarse and medium varieties of cotton cloth to be produced by mills from 400 million meters to 800 million meters. The industry vainly protested of controlled cloth. The planning commission openly admitted that the controlled cloth scheme under which the price of cotton alone was higher then controlled cloth. It was only in October 1978 that the Government exempted the mills from the obligation to produce controlled cloth. But by that time, cotton mill industry had suffered very badly and many mills forced to shut shown. PROBLEM OF RAW MATERIALS The industry faces the problem of building up a regular supply of its material cotton in adequate quantities. The latter constitutes the largest single element in the cost of yarn and cloth production. Despite the importance of the industry and the long period of its growth, the position of raw material has remained unstable. The most disappointing feature of cotton cultivation is that country accounts for only 10 percent of the particular, fluctuations in 5

the prices of raw cotton are two major causes of sickness and consequently closure in the textile industry. Problem of power. The textile industry in our country had suffered badly for want of adequate the industry badly. The inadequacy of coal supplies had also southern India. Load shedding had been one of the serious problems of the industry. OBSOLETE MACHINERY AND NEED FOR MODERNIZATION The mill sector has been working with obsolete machinery. According one estimate, over 80 percent of the machinery in the cotton textile mill industry has to compete with countries like Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, etc., all of which are using the latest sophisticated machinery. The industry, however, has no resources for the huge task of replacement and modernization. The Government and the public sector financial institutions will have to provide the necessary funds for this purpose. The Government set up in 1986 the Textile Modernization Fund pof rs.750 corers and asked the IDBI to operate it. HIGH COST AND COMPETITION IN FOREIGN MARKETS The Indian cotton textile industry has been facing increasing competition in world markets. This is largest due to low production and high cost and consequently high price of Indian cotton textiles. It is paradoxical that in a country where wages are low and cotton is internally available, production cost should be high. But the advantage of lower wage is offset by higher cost of raw materials and inefficiency in production caused by the use of outmoded machinery. In this context it may be noted that where as wages and salaries account for only 16 percent and process materials 20 percent of production costs. The industry badly needs replacement and modernization. While Indias major Indian textile industry is saddled with obsolete machinery. Modernization and rationalization the industry cannot improve the quality of its products and also offer them at competitive rates. It is, however, important to emphasize the new challenges the textile industry has to face in the sphere of exports. With increasing of textile and cloth industry into the world trade regime, Indian textile exports will have to cope with the problem rationalizations of trade between blocks of regions, child labors, and dumping levies, etc. 6

COMPETITION FROM THE DECENTRALIZED SECTOR An important factor for the growing sickness of the mill sector is the growth of the decentralized sector. Being a small-scale sector, the Government allowed excise concisions and other privileges, such as exemption from the production of controlled cloth. The worker in the power loom sector were either not organized or organized loosely, so that the level of wages in this sector was must lower then that in the mill sector. Often, the decentralized sector made use of the names of the well-known mills and outsold the latter. The textile industry exhibits peculiar characteristics some units like Reliance Textile, Mafatlals are doing extremely well, while many other faring miserably. The industry is facing both short-term problems of the industry are high prices and shortage of raw materials, liquidity problems due to poor sales and large accumulation of stocks as a result of poor demand. The long-term problems of the industry are the slow pace of modernizations of age old plant and machinery, outdated technology resulting in low production, high cost of production, low profitability and increasing sickness.

CHAPTER NO: 3 COMPANY PROFILE

CHAPTER 3 COMPANY PROFILE

3.1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE COMPANY Our experience of 8 years, we have gained wide appreciation in the highly competitive garment industry with our exclusive collection of fashion knitted wear for infants, kids, men and women. With our all encompassing range of garments which include mens t-shirt, mens pajamas, men's pullovers, woven shirt, ladies polo, women tops, ladies pajamas, girls skirt, kids t-shirts and kids printed t-shirts. We have carved a niche for ourselves in the domestic as well as the international arena. In order to produce novel designs, we have deployed latest techniques and skilled manpower, ensuring our clients get value for their money. Eye catching designs and high on comfort, our gamut has been widely appreciated by clients across the globe.

Being a quality driven organization, we ensure that the knitted and woven wear offered by us comply with international standards and to fulfill our client requirements. We are also well equipped with latest machinery for stitching, knitting, designing and finishing that enables us to deliver unmatched collection of knitted fashion garments, woven garments and organic wear. For the benefit of our clients, we also offer complimentary hemming at no additional cost, embroidery at competitive prices and custom designing. Our success in the industry leverages on our capacity of providing customized solutions, timely delivery schedules and ability to handle minimum and bulk consignments which has further led us to earn repeated business orders from our high end clients.

3.1.2 GOALS OF THE COMPANY Striving for excellence in every sphere of companys activities.

3.1.3 QUALITY POLICIES 1. Good Quality Best, which saves the cost the time for the customers 2. Best service Customer friendly in fulfilling their requirements. 3. Steady Development Up-gradation in technology and diversification for value addition.

3.2 PROFILE OF THE COMPANY Name of the Company Place : VEE TEE CREATIONS : 10/38, Kamaraj Nagar, 3rd street, Tirupur - 641602. Managing Partners : Mr. K.Ganesh :Mr.M.Pugalenthi Year of Establishment : 2002 10

Product Line

: Garments

Bankers

: State Bank of India, Tirpur : Indian Overseas Bank, Tirupur.

Types of Organization

: Partnership Firm

3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY Profit maximization is the main aim of the organization. Consumer satisfaction is also the main aim of the organization. Earnings goodwill and enhancing public image. Providing scope for business expansion. Securing maximum satisfaction for both employer & employees. Utilizing modern equipment and techniques properly. Attaining the prime position in the garment industry. Developing efficiency and productivity among workers. Progressively building up and attaining capacity to meet the growing demands for various Promoting ancillary industries by extending assistance in terms of technical Know how. Acting as advisor and consultancy on all matters relating to management, finance, secretarial, To diversity into allied new products. Creating a good image among the customers, employees and other in the business and social marketing and computer services.

garment products.

community. HISTORY OF THE COMPANY VEE TEE CREATIONS is a company registered under Companys Act 1956,Established in the year 2002. 11

The garment processing staff and workers gave me such guidance to it art my industrial training in this concern.

Today the company established itself as a leading manufacturer of garments Goods. The customers due to quality place orders regularly prompt after sales services and trouble free functioning. LOCATION The company is located at no: 10/38, Kamaraj Nagar, 3rd street, Tirupur - 641602.

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CHAPTER NO: 4 ORGANISATION CHART

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CHAPTER 4 ORGANISATION CHART

Managing Partners

Merchandisers

General Manager

Staff Senior Junior Department Managers Factory Managers

Production Managers

Purchase Officers

Store Officers

Sales Officers

A/cs officers

HRD Officers

Workers

Staff

Staff

Staff

Staff

Staff

Store Keeper

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CHAPTER NO: 5 DEPARTMENTS

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PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

CHAPTER - 5 DEPARTMENTS 5.1. PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

Purchasing refers to a business or organization attempting to acquire goods or services to accomplish the goals of the enterprise. Purchase department takes care of purchase of raw materials needed for the production. Purchasing managers and procurement managers guide the organizations acquisition procedures and standards. The purchasing department normally issue Purchase Orders for supplies, services, equipment, and raw materials. In the recent past the trend away from the daily procurement function (tactical purchasing) resulted in several changes in the unit. The first was the reduction of personnel. Purchasing department is now smaller. These professionals are now not only focusing on the bidding process and negotiating with suppliers, but the entire supply function. In these roles they were able to add value and maximize savings for organization.

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This value manifest in lower inventories, less personnel, and getting the end product to the organizations consumer quicker. Purchasing managers success in these roles resulted in new assignments outside to the traditional purchasing function logistics, materials management, distribution, and warehousing in the stores. Further the Stores department ensures that the materials are rightly sent when needed. The raw material is purchased and stocked by this department. The purchase department is otherwise called as raw material department. The purchase department is the department, which buys raw materials for production. It is this department, which keeps always raw material in stock. It should always see that there is no over stockage or deficit in stockage of raw materials.

Purchase The purchase departments do the following functions. If the company want to purchase a required quantity, an enquiry is made to the seller about the Price and quality of the materials. After the enquiry if the purchase officer is satisfied he asks for samples. These samples are received and duty checked by the quality department. The reports of the samples are recorded. Proper analysis of report is done. If the purpose officer is satisfied will the order. Then the fix the terms and conditions with the seller the row materials. 17

PURCHASE PROCEDURES PURCHASE REQUISTION The factory manager is in-charge and store-keeper place orders of the purchase as per the stock of materials and as per the requirement of the production department. MEANS OF PURCHASE The in-charge will contract the brokers and enquire about the quality, standard, rate, cost etc These brokers perform his task and submit the required through the parties concerned.

TESTING The raw materials are tested against required standard and are accepted with regards to quality cost and other details are given essential due case to. PURCHASE ORDERS The samples which are in the best quality and are economic for the production of machine is selected and order is placed in loads to the concerned party through the brokers. THE PURCHASE ORDER CONTAINS Description of goods Quality Price Excise duty 18

 Delivery date Mode of payment Terms of payment These are the factors which are contains in an goods purchase order. INSPECTION The manager concerned inspects the materials so received by keeping a check on quality, cost and other related details and notifies income of any defects there in. PURCHASE CONCERN The cotton and yarn is the basic raw materials of Garment Company, the company markets its purchase all over tamilnadu as well as from outside the company purchase the cotton through brokers and direct from mills. It has separate godowns to store the raw materials. MODE OF PAYMENT The company makes its payment both on cash and on credit basis. The company has been regular in its payments as per the contracts and agreement. STORE DEPARTMENT Introduction The company has a separate store department headed by the store keeper. The raw materials are stored in the store room. In this company the store keeper is in-charge of the store department with regard to store issue and balance. The stores are maintained manually. ORDINARY PURCHASE 19

In ordinary purchase the store keeper knows about the scarcity of materials in the store and he places the orders for those materials purchase clerk makes purchase. EMERGENCY PURCHASE Materials like wheels etc become important and they have to be purchased immediately. No materials is in warded and taken out without the consent of the store keeper maintains a material in ward note. The store department prepares weekly report and sends it to the head office. FUNCTIONS OF STORES DEPARTMENT 1. Providing materials necessary for production. 2. Maintaining stock. 3. Maintaining stock during emergency period. 4. Initiating purchase department at suitable time about the stock of material, quantity and other particulars. Store department is closely connected with all other department. Its important function is to supply the required materials to the concerned department. The store department deals with machine, spare parts, oil, electrical items, etc.

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FUNCTIONAL CHART OF STORES DEPARTMENT

BILL OF MATERIALS

STOCK VERIFICATION

COLLECTION OF SAMPLE

LEDGER

COST CONSUMPTION

PURCHASE BOOK

PRICE NEGOTIATION 21

INTERNAL RECORDS

QUALITY VERIFICATION

RECEIPT OF MATERIALS

PLANING ORDER

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PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

5.2. PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Production department ensures that the effective and efficient pumps are manufactured according to the specifications. This department is responsible for the entire manufacturing process, turning raw materials into finished goods. Under the leadership of a Production Manager it has to: 1. 2. 3. Identify the engineering or technical aspects of the production process Assess how long it will take to plan production Time reference Monitor progress, carrying out work studies and quality inspection

Production Engineering ensures and 1. Determines how product will be made 23

2. Assesses what technical equipment is needed 3. Checks on standard of raw material Production Planning focuses and 1. Identifies when production will take place 2. Estimates length of production 3. Ensures raw materials are delivered on time Controlling oversees and 1. Ensures production plan is being followed 2. Maintains quality standards 3. Monitors timescale

Production planning and Control guidelines of Sharp industries 1. If planning is not carefully co-ordinated production could slow down or even stop. The company will lose money if workers and equipment are left idle due to raw materials not arriving on time. 2. Physical resources and labour are the largest costs a manufacturing firm has. If they are not used efficiently, the firm can lose money. 3. Companies carry out work studies to assess working practices. Wastage can be avoided if the production process is monitored carefully. Production is organized activity of transformation raw materials into finished goods or products. It is a sequence of technical process.

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Production department is controlled by factory manger under the authority of supervisor, shifts in charge and quality control inspectors are under the control of head of the department. PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL The production planning consists mainly of the evaluation and determination of production means such as labour, machinery and equipments materials and utilize to achieve the desired goods over a given period of time. Production and planning control is the co-ordination of services of functions like together according to the plan so that the movement of goods from the stage of procurement of materials of finished stock may be resulted. It includes planning, ranking, scheduling, dispatching and following of progressing functions.

PRODUCTION PROCESS Production is a very important and highly technical area in an organization which can be divided into several units and sub-units thus for the purpose of efficient production, co-ordination is needed in the organization. Production today has become more complex and evaluation and mass production. The process from yarn procurement to manufacturing garments is lengthily and complicated process. This process can be divided into follows: 1. KNITTING The knitting is done as per buyers order. In this a single yarn is taken and loops are more so that the resulted fabric stretches, but in the later two sets of yarn are taken and woven. One yarn is set horizontally and the other vertically. Cotton is the raw materials 25

used for making fabric in India. Cotton is treated through carding and spun to get yarn, then it is knitted with fabric and when woven we get woven fabric. It is a known fact that the main material for fabric construction is yarn. Knitting is the second most frequently used method, after weaving, that turns yarns or threads into fabrics. It is a versatile technique that can make fabrics having various properties such as wrinkle-resistance, stretch ability, better fit, particularly demanded due to the rising popularity of sportswear and casual wears. As of present day, knitted fabrics are used widely for making hosiery, underwear, sweaters, slacks, suits and coats apart from rugs and other home furnishings. Basic Principle of Knitting A knitted fabric may be made with a single yarn which is formed into interlocking loops with the help of hooked needles. According to the purpose of the fabric, the loops may be loosely or closely constructed. Crocheted fabric is the simplest example of knitting where a chain of loops is constructed from a single thread with the help of a hook. As the loops are interlocked in a knitted fabric, it can stretch in any direction even when a low-grade yarn having little elasticity is used.

Basic Construction Process of Knitted Fabric The construction of knitted fabric is assessed by the number of stitches or loops per square inch. When the interlocking loops run lengthwise, each row is called a wale that corresponds to the direction of warp in woven fabrics. When the loops run across the fabric, each row is called a course that corresponds to the filling or weft in woven fabrics. A knitted fabric having 50 loops or stitches in one inch of width and 60 loops in one inch of length will be said to have 50 Wales and 60 courses.

Importance of Needles in Knitting Process The needle qualities also affect the knitted fabric's quality. If the thickness of the hook differs from one needle to another then the stitches will also vary in width. Same is the case with loops which will vary in length with the needle lengths. Various types of needles are 26

used for making different knitted fabrics including latch needle, spring-beard needle, and compound needle. Latch needle has a latch or swinging finger that closes onto the hook of the needle as it pulls the yarn through a loop in order to form a new loop. It is used for jersey and rib knitting. A spring-beard needle has a fine, springy hook looking like a beard. This hook has to be used with a sinker to hold the fabric down and a presser to close the hook as it forms the loop. It is used for making more fine fabrics with smaller loops. A compound needle made up of a hook and a sliding closing element is used for faster knitting with lesser fabric distortion. Types of knitted Fabrics There are various types of knitted fabrics and each type has different appearance and characteristics. The construction of a knitted fabric depends upon the type being constructed. A knitted fabric that has more Wales will be rigid and stable in width while a fabric that has more courses will be rigid and stable in length. A fabric having many Wales and courses per square inch will have better recovery from stretching than a fabric having lesser Wales and

courses. Such fabric that will have fewer Wales and courses will be less rigid, stretch more easily, fit to body shape in a better way but will have poorer recovery ability. All the knitted fabrics are classified into two general categories:

Weft knit fabric, where one continuous yarn forms courses across the fabric.

2. DYEING Dyeing is the process of coloring a piece of cloth. While bleaching of withering the cloth. In a dyeing unit a huge winch continuously runs, various chemicals are used to get the process in which where water is supplied. The roll of cloth is allowed to get wet. For light color bleaching is done, but it is not required when the fabric goes through compacting machines. 27

Dyeing Process Dyeing is the process of imparting colors to a textile material through a dye (colour). Dyes are obtained from flowers, nuts, berries and other forms of vegetables and plants as well as from animal and mineral sources. These are known as natural dyes. The other class of dyes is known as synthetic dyes. These are based on a particular type of chemical composition. Some of these dyes are- Acid ( Anionic) dyes, Basic ( Cationic) dyes, Neutral- Premetalized dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes, reactive dyes, pigment dyes etc. Dyeing Methods Colour is applied to fabric by different methods of dyeing for different types of fiber and at different stages of the textile production process. These methods include Direct dyeing; Stock dyeing; Top dyeing; Yarn dyeing; Piece dyeing; Solution pigmenting or dope dyeing; Garment dyeing etc. Of these Direct dyeing and Yarn Dyeing method are the most popular ones.

Direct Dyeing When a dye is applied directly to the fabric without the aid of an affixing agent, it is called direct dyeing. In this method the dyestuff is either fermented (for natural dye) or chemically reduced (for synthetic vat and sulfur dyes) before being applied. The direct dyes, which are largely used for dyeing cotton, are water soluble and can be applied directly to the fiber from an aqueous solution. Most other classes of synthetic dye, other than vat and sulfur dyes, are also applied in this way. Yarn Dyeing

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When dyeing is done after the fiber has been spun into yarn, it is called Yarn dyeing. There are many forms of yarn dyeing- Skein (Hank) Dyeing, Package Dyeing, Warp-beam Dyeing, and Space Dyeing. 3. CURING Curing machines are required for the removal of the smell from the fabric, which is usually unpleasant, when put in one end. We get a smell free fabric in other end. 4. PRINTING Printing is the technical area. Usually tables are used for printing instead of machines, because they are cheapest means and more over its a simple process in printing white colored fabric is treated differently from that of a dark color fabric. Printing is done after or before stitching. Screen printing, Rotarty printing is methods of printing. Printing Process Applying coloured patterns and designs to decorate a finished fabric is called 'Printing'. In a proper printed fabric, the colour is affixed to the fiber, so that it may not be affected by washing and friction. Whether a fabric is dyed or printed can be known by examining the outline of the design. On a printed fabric, the outline of a design is sharply defined on the outer side. The design generally do not penetrate to the back of the cloth. However, the design may show up on the reverse side of transparently thin fabrics. These fabrics may be confused with the woven designs where yarn dyed warp and filling are used. If the design is printed on such a fabric, the yarns will show some areas on which colour is not equally distributed. The Dyes used for printing mostly include vat, reactive, naphthol and disperse colours which have good fastness properties. The pigments, which are not truly dyes, are also used extensively for printing. These colours are fixed to the fiber through resins that are very resistant to laundering or dry-cleaning. Pigments are among the fastest known colours and are effective for light to medium shades. If used for applying dark colours, they may crock or rub off. Improved resins, better pigments or more effective anticrock agents must be used to solve 29

this problem. Cheap prints are made from basic colours mixed with tartar emetic and tannic acid but they are not acceptable in todays market. For cotton printing vat and reactive dyes are generally used. Silk is usually printed with acid colours. Wool is printed with acid or chrome dyes but before printing it is treated with chlorine to make it more receptive to colours. Methods of Printing Three different approaches or techniques are prevalent for printing colour on a fabric: Direct, Discharge and Resist Direct Printing It is the most common approach to apply a colour pattern on fabric. It can be done on white or a coloured fabric. If done on coloured fabric, it is known as overprinting. The desired pattern is produced by imprinting dye on the fabric in a paste form. To prepare the print paste, a thickening agent is added to a limited amount of water and dye is dissolved in it. Earlier corn starch was preferred as a thickening agent for cotton printing. Nowadays gums or alginates derived from seaweed are preferred because they are easier to wash out, do not themselves absorb any colour and allow better penetration of colour. Most pigment printing is done without thickeners as the mixing up of resins, solvents and water itself produces thickening. Roller Printing In this machine counterpart of block printing, engraved copper cylinders or rollers are used in place of hand carved blocks. With each revolution of the roller, a repeat of the design is printed. The printed cloth is passed into a drying and then a steam chamber where the moisture Screen Printing and heat sets the dye.

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It is done either with flat or cylindrical screens made of silk threads, nylon, polyester, vinyon or metal. The printing paste or dye is poured on the screen and forced through its unblocked areas onto the fabric. Based on the type of the screen used, it is known as 'Flat Screen Printing' or 'Rotary Screen Printing'.

Airbrush (Spray) Painting Designs may be hand painted on fabric or the dye may be applied with a mechanized airbrush which blows or sprays colour on the fabric.

Photo Printing The fabric is coated with a chemical that is sensitive to light and then any photograph may be printed on it. Differential Printing It is a technique of printing tufted material made of yarns having different dyeing properties such as carpets. Up to a ten colour effect is possible by careful selection of yarns, dyestuffs and pattern.

Warp Printing It is roller printing applied to warp yarns before they are woven into fabric. Jet Spray Printing Designs are imparted to fabrics by spraying colours in a controlled manner through nozzles. Digital Printing

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In this form of printing micro-sized droplets of dye are placed onto the fabric through an inkjet printhead. The print system software interprets the data supplied by a cademic_Textiledigital image file. The digital image file has the data to control the droplet output so that the image quality and color control may be achieved. This is the latest development in textile printing and is expanding very fast. Digital Textile Printing 5. CUTTING Cutting too is highly technical area. It can either be done by machines or manually to say briefly we can say that cutting is nothing but cutting the roll of fabric according to the pattern. The pattern is designed and cut by the pattern master of the sampling unit. It is the base of the whole production. The cut piece from the fabric should contain particular specified grams as started or asked GSM as explained earlier. The cutting supervisor maintains a monthly register. The management gives him a program schedule to be used for the purpose of cutting. They use different patterns for different orders. Cutting machines are of two types: In the first type, the machines can be moved, while in the second type the machine is not moved the fabric be moved. 6. POWER TABLE Power table is the where the stitching process goes on machines which are capable of fancy stitches on fabric or knit stretches. The ordinary stitches are made use of and the so called flat lock and over lock stitches are used. New and highly advanced machines have come up which have a very high degree of efficiency. They are usually employed by large scale or mega industries. Only trained and experienced tailors are used for stitching. Labels with the required informed are also stitched:

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 7. CHECKING

Pegasus M600 series Pegasus 1*300 sizes Brother electronics lock stitch button sewer [1k3_ b43 we] Button hole machine Singles machines

This is a very important work of supervisor. He checks whether the stitching are perfect or any defect in it may result in the cancellation. It can be done by means of samples and inch tapes seam allowances should be accurate. The stitching is checked by using pick glass, while checks the number of stitches in an inch of sloth. 8. IRONING Ironing is done so that the finished garment looks neat and attractive. Ironing the pressure method is used by the local companies. These are different types of ironing machines. Some are conventional type advancement type while the others are of technical advancement that are taking place around the whole textile industry in the latest machine, the whole stitched on hot air passes through in a perfectly wrinkled free cloth.

9. PACKING Packing adds to the attractiveness and safety of the garment. The garments are put into polybag (polythene) with care. IPC in a polybag PCS solid color STAFFS 33

Fabric In-charge Production In-charge

Dying follow up Knitting follow-up Junior production controller Quality checkers

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

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Knitting Knitting

Dyeing Dyeing Curing Curing

Printing Printing

Cutting Cutting

Power table Power table

Checking Checking

Ironing Ironing

Packing Packing

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QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

5.3. QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION

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In this the quality controller is the assistant master and is in charge of quality control operator. Quality products are the main aim of, quality control department. In each department the various steps are taken to improve quality Quality control tests are as follows: Color fastness by using color chart Thread strength by using twister Fabric thickness Information on label and tag Number of pieces per bundle or package Information about the address and code number as the package Other specification as given or specified by the buyers INSPECTION Inspection is done by the representatives of the buyer called quality controller. He does a preliminary checking (that is after some pieces have been manufactured). It is followed by middle and final checking by the quality controller. He used an international quality chart as AQL (Assurance Quality Level) for the purpose of checking and inspecting the goods. Quality Assurance Quality is an integral part of our organization that has enabled us to set a strong foothold in the garment industry. Our quality control unit, well equipped with latest quality testing tools, helps us to conduct quality checks on the finished garments, to ensure the garment delivered to our client is free from any defects.

STAFFS Junior quality controller, Quality checkers.

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Quality control department guarantees that the raw materials thus acquired are of the required quality and standardized by relevant testing so that finished goods are of intended quality. The quality control department carries out inspections where random samples are tested to ensure standards are met. Sharp focuses on Total Quality Control which is the most important inspection control of all in cases where, despite statistical quality control techniques or quality improvements implemented, sales decrease. If the original specification does not reflect the correct quality requirements, quality cannot be inspected or manufactured into the product. Under traditional quality control, inspection of products and services (checking to make sure that what's being produced is meeting the required standard) takes place during and at the end of the operations process. There are three main points during the production process when inspection is performed: 1. When raw materials are received prior to entering production 2. Whilst pumps are going through the production process 3. When pumps are finished - inspection or testing takes place before products are dispatched to customers QUALTY CONTROL Quality control is the watchword in a modern industry as if affects the user need as well as portability especially in the competitive industry like textiles. To help efficient functioning of quality control the methodology and procedure that need to be adopted have been well formulized and systematized.

Quality holds a key to the marketing success of a mill in the competitive economy that is fast emerging in our country. It is determined by the cost of raw cotton, and the amount of yarn relished per kilogram of cotton consumed. By minimizing the cost of cotton

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and maximizing the yarn realization it is necessary to ensure that the yarn spun is of desired quality. Quality refers to conformance to the agreed upon requirements. The company using following quality control. Grains Balance Used to find out the weight of the carding sliver, drawing sliver, simplex sliver and yarn. Grams Balance Used to find out the sliver weight in terms of gram. Leo Strength Tester Used to find out the strength of the yarn. Yarn Wrapper Used to find the strength per Leo. Yarn Twist Tester Used to find the twist per inch.

Yarn Bound Testing Used to find the imposes in yarn. 39

Sliver Roller Used to find out length of the sliver in terms of yarn.

MAINTENANCE Prevention is better than cure, so the company following preventive maintenance. System for which they are spending 6 to 8 hours per week for maintenance purpose. Factory maintenance is under the control of a Factory Manager and Assistant Factory Manager. FUNCTIONS DONE BY QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT 1. Preparing daily, monthly, fortnightly reports. 2. Testing and maintaining sample yarn details. 3. Entering the sample details every day. 4. Maintaining up to date yarn results. 5. Comparing the yarn results. 6. Giving details about mixing particulars. 7. Checking the count, hank for yarn. 8. Checking quality standards. STANDARD QUALITY NORMS Lap CV Card Sliver CV Drawing Sliver CV Bobbin CV Spinning Count CV - 3% - 1% - 3% - 1% - 1%

Strength CV - 7% Cone weight - 1.5 kg 40

INTERACTION WITH VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS The quality control acts as the center for all the department. It gives quality assurance reports and suggestion to various departments. Based on the report given by the quality assurance the production department will act according to it. Four types of reports are maintained by the Quality Control Department such as monthly, fortnightly, daily and weekly reports. Working process statement about the production stages are given as the monthly report. The daily cost, preparatory efficiency report is given to manager. Yarn list result are given to general manager and general letters are given as daily reports. Cotton list result (average parameters for every mixing), cotton remaining stock balance report, utilization report for HR Department are given as weekly reports.

INTERACTION OF QCD WITH VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS

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HEAD OFFICE (GM)

HR DEPARTMENT

QCD

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

STORES DEPARTMENT

SALES DEPARTMENT

FUNCTIONAL CHART OF QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

QUALITY 42 CONTROL CHIEF

QUALITY CONTROL MANAGER

ASSISTANT MANAGER

SUPERVISOR

WORKERS

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FINANCE DEPARTMENT

5.4. FINANCE DEPARTMENT

Finance department takes care of all the monitory transfers of the firm. The three core functions of the Finance Department are to: 1. Provide strategic financial support for business and operational planning. 44

2. Provide day-to-day financial services to the University, its departments, students and staff. 3. Meet external and internal financial reporting requirements. Further the Finance department plays various roles in the domains of Finance, accountancy and Economical business transactions. The supplementary functionaries include1. Preparation of budget, appropriation of accounts, re-appropriations, surrender and savings. 2. Control of expenditure and ways & means position. 3. Audit and Treasury administration 4. Administration of Taxes i.e. Sales Tax, Entertainment Tax, Luxury Tax and Entry Tax etc 5. Service Conditions including Freedom Fighters Pensions. 6. Resource mobilization through loans, Institutional Finance, Small Savings, Credit and Investment and public debt. 7. Safety and investment of funds from consolidated funds, contingency fund and public account. 8. Contract, recovery and refund of revenue, financial concurrence and advice. 9. Compilation of Codes, Rules and procedures concerning financial transactions and having bearing on State finance and their implementation.

VARIOUS SECTIONS OF ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT

1. Cost and Budget. 2. Export Section. 3. Bill section.

4. Pay section. 5. Tax section. 6. Audit section.

COST AND BUDGET 45

The Main function of this section to ascertain production cost. Every department has to prepare its own cost and budget according to their requirement.

EXPORT SECTION

While export the plant maintains three main documents they are bill of loading, invoice, packing list for getting money from the bank. The exporting product will be insurance.

EXPORT INCENTIVE GIVEN BY GOVERNMENT

1. Advance license Scheme

The government allows company to import materials without custom duty for same export of the product. After getting this scheme within 18 months we have to import and 24 months we have to export after getting the license.

2. Duty Drawback

Duties have been paid while import and showing the proof of paid and getting back the money.

There are Categories

One physical export, second one is deemed for both categories no custom duty is paid. Encourage given by government

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1. Loan given by government in foreign currency.

2. Pre-shipment credit will be given in foreign currency through bank.

3. Repay of loan through export bill within 8 months. If not penalty of 2-10.5 within a year, it will be change the date of loan.

4. Directional general of audit will look after this section scheme.

BILL SECTION

Every bill is paid through State bank of India. Each and every expenditure will settled by this section. Any miscellaneous settlement will also be settled by this section.

This section will make payment of salary and wages to employee. Every month 7th the pay will be credited in employee account. If any delay it has to responsible. After one year of service employee is eligible for pf. Here 24% is PF and contributed by employee or employer.

TAX SECTION

Tax section will take care of tax involved in the plant. In employee tax deducted source will be credited.

AUDIT

1. Statutory audit

Yearly twice. 47

Outside auditors will audit.

2. Internal audit

Separate audit department inside the plant. This for entire plant.

3. Government auditors will audit separately.

DUTIES OF ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT The Accounts Department looks after the customers due date and informs it to the management. The invoice sent by the Sale Department is being received and it is being entered in the day book. It preserves the day book and entered all the transactions that have occurred on the particular book. The trial balance is being prepared to check the accuracy of the concern. It checks the cheque for the bills of exchange. All the payments are made on the basis of cheque. They have to maintain cashbook, bank book, purchase book, sales book and store purchase book.

Accounts Account manager is in-charge of the department. In this they make a wide use of computer & accounts are maintained by computer system. Finance is very important for any

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business enterprise can be started and run smoothly without finance. The accounts department comprises of the function like cash & bank transactions. The day-to-day transactions are exempted in various subsidiary books & the cash received or paid in journalized and posted to the ledger respective account. At the end of the financial year the trial balance drawn & trading, profit &loss a/c & balance sheet is prepared. Following books are maintained by accounts department: Purchase Book In this book the voucher pertaining to the purchase are recorded and documents form this transactions are also recorded and documents from this transactions are also recorded & stored. Cash Book Cash book are recorded of all the receipt and payments of cash. The objects of the transaction relating receipts & payments of cash. The numbers of transaction relating to cash are usually large because most of the business dealing reserves them into cash transaction so it is necessary to keep a separate book from cash transaction. Journal Register A journal register mostly contain the journal are also entered in journal register.

Trial Balance The preparation of this account is possible only after the preparation of the trial balance is making profit or loss account and auditors audit them. Auditing is done every year. 49

Wages and Salary All operatives workers except casuals are paid monthly wages. The employees get two types of leave. One leave is earned leave and another leave is cash leave etc. STAFFS Auditor senior a/c officer- junior (Bill entry)-(Bill checker)

VEE TEE CREATIONS 10/38, Kamaraj Nagar, 3rd street, Tirupur - 641602. Trading, profit & loss account for the year ended 31-03 2009. 50

Particulars To opening stack To purchase To store consumed To knitting charger To dyeing charges To printing charges To wages paid To power & fuel To gross profit[c/d]

Amount 19,08,712.00 1,36,48,700.00 1,48,430.00 6,65,040.00 16,33,950.00 5,50,910.00 8,51,700.00 3,31,570.00 23,82,178.00 2,21,27,190.00

Particulars By sales By closing stock

Amount 1,97,76,540.00 23,50,650.00

2,21,27,190.00

To bank charges & interest To accounting charge To audit fees To license & Taxes To printing & stationary To salary To telephone To Repairs & maintaince To Traveling exp To General exp To Labour welfare exp To Deprecations

1,70,870.00

By profit[b/d]

Gross 23,82,178.00

13,000.00 14,000.00 3,000.00 10,940.00 1,71,700.00 41,290.00 31,580.00 29,200.00 18,960.00 42,500.00 1,01,920.00 17,33,218.00

To Net profit 23,82,178.00 51 23,82,178.00

________________

________________

VEE TEE CREATIONS 10/38, Kamaraj Nagar, 3rd street, Tirupur - 641602. Balance sheet as on 31- 03- 2009.

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Liabilities Proprietors capital A/C Proprietors current A/C Secured Loans: The Union Bank of India Unsecured Loans: From friends & relatives Current Liabilities : Sundry Creditors-Trade Creditors-expenses

Amount 16,90,400.0 0 22,65,160.0

Assets Fixed Assets : Factory Building Less: Depreciation Machinery

Amount 7,04,800. 00 15, 240.00 __________ 11,52,800.0 0 57,650.0 0

Amount

6,89,560.00

The Federal Bank of India 0 2,70,000.0 0 3,01,420.00 2,91,780.0 0 10,99,360.0 0 69,310.0 0 Land Current Assets: Deposits Sundry debtors Cash in hand Cash at bank Closing stock Generator Less: Depreciation Vehicles Less: Depreciation Less: Depreciation

10,95,150.00

2,88,770.00 3,04,000.00 15,200.00 _________ 2,76,600.00 13,830.00 4,50,000.00 91,700.00 4,90,000.00 30,900.00 2,57,700.00 23,50,650.00 60,07,230.00 2,62,770.00

60,07,230.0 0

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RATIO ANALYSIS A ratio arithmetic expression of the relation of one number to another. It may be defined as the indicated quotient of two mathematical expressions. WIXON defines ratio as, An expression of quantitative relationship between two numbers. Ratio analysis is a technique of analysis and interpretation of financial statement. It is the process of establishing and interpreting various ratios for helping in making certain decisions. By mean of ratio analysis, we can take decisions currently at the correct place wherever it is necessary and it also helps financial forecasting and planning. Ratio analysis is used for taxable purposes. CURRENT RATIO Current ratio may be defined as the relationship between current asset and current liability. This is the most widely used ratio. This ratio is also known as working capital ratio. It is useful for measuring the liquidity of the firm. Current Assets Current Ratio = ---------------------Current Liabilities Here, Current assets are, Sundry debtors Deposits Cash in hand Cash at bank Closing stock Total = 4, 90,000 = = 91,700 30,900

= 2, 57,700 = 23, 50,650 ___________ = 32, 20, 950 54

___________ Current liabilities are, Sundry creditors = 10, 99,360 Creditors Total = 69,310 ____________ = 11, 68,670 _____________ 32, 20,950 Current Ratio = --------------11, 68,670 LIQUID RATIO In the case of liquid ratio we are eliminating certain assets which cannot easily converted into cash. For eg: stock is not treated as liquid as it needs long time to be convert into cash. Liquid Assets Liquid Ratio = -------------------Liquid liability Liquid assets = Current Assets stock = 32, 20,950 23, 50,650 = 8, 70,300 Liquid Liability = Current Liability Bank over Draft = 11, 68,670 Nil = 11, 68,670 8, 70,300 Liquid Ratio = ------------11, 68,670 55 = 2.756 times.

= 0.744 times. GROSS PROFIT This ratio explains the relationship between sales & gross profit more will be the chance to earn profit. Gross profit Net sales = 23, 82,178

= 1, 97, 76,540 Gross profit

Gross profit

= ---------------- * 100 Net sales 23, 82,178 = -----------------* 100 1, 97, 76,540 = 12.04%

NET PROFIT This ratio indicates relationship between sales and net profit. Net profit Net profit = --------------- * 100 Net sales Net profit Net sales = 17, 33,218 = 1, 97, 76,540 17, 33,218 Net profit Ratio = ------------------* 100 1, 97, 76,540

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= 8.76%

MARKETING DEPARTMENT

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5.5. MARKETING DEPARTMENT

MARKETING Marketing as a functional area of management is becoming increasingly important as compared to other field such as production, finance, personnel and research & development. The increasing significance of marketing is that marketing information has gained the present pivotal place of importance. All the decision in modern business organization revolve around the marketing information. It is a human activity directed at satisfying needs and wants through exchange processor. IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING Customer satisfaction depends on a products perceived performance. Outstanding marketing companies go out of their way to keep their customers satisfied. Satisfied customer make repeat purchases, and they tell others about their good experiences with the product. Many companies have adopted total quality management programs, designed constantly improve the quality their products, services and marketing process. CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Customer satisfaction is closely linked to quality. Many companies have adopted total quality management programs, designed constantly improve the quality their products, services and marketing processes. Quality has a direct impact on product performance and hence on customer satisfaction. Today Companies are facing tough competition. The customers have a wide choice of brands to select from. In order to survive the competition, the companies have to do a better job of meeting and satisfying customer needs than their competitors.

58

According to Philip Kotler Satisfaction is a persons feeling of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a products perceived performance in relation to his or her expectation. 1. IMPORTANCE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

This need to satisfy customer for success in any commercial enterprise is very obvious. This income or all commercial enterprise is derived from the payments received for the products and services supplied to its external customers if there are no customer, there is no income and there is no business. In other words, customers are the sole reason for the existence of commercial establishment. Thus the core activity and perhaps one of the most important activities of any company is to attract and retain customers. The renowned management guru has said To satisfy the customer is the mission and purpose of every business. 2. REQUIREMENT OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

Since Customer satisfaction is an important goal of any marketing program. It becomes necessary to establish factors which help to satisfy the customer, the important factors are: Quality Fair price Series consideration of customer complaints QUALITY Is the totality of features and characteristics of a product (or) service that bears on its satisfy (or) implied needs, we can that the seller has delivered quality whenever the seller product or service meets and exceeds the customers expectation. Thus quality must be perceived by the customer.

59

Quality must be reflected in every company activity not just in company products, quality should be reflected in advertising services, product literature, delivery, after sales support and so on. Quality is absolutely for customer satisfaction because customers are becoming more demanding. FAIR PRICE It is very important to satisfy a customer, price is actually the cost of a product or service paid by the customer. Price should therefore commensurate with the offers perceived value. If it is not, buyers will turn to competitors product. SERIOUS CONSIDERATION OF CUSTOMERS COMPLAINTS Complaints should be considered and resolved promptly at the time the fault may be entirely with the customer. In such cases a responsible action needs to be taken. The total fault may also lie with the company and it is this situation there should be no sifting the blame. Instead the company should leave aside its ego and look into the complaint and resolve it or compensate for it. This would keep the customer satisfied. Marketing department make certain that right product reaches right people at the right time and right place. Marketing Department typically deals with the embracing the tactics of creating meaningful messages through words, ideas, images, and names that deliver upon the promises / benefits an organization wishes to make with its end users. Furthermore, the Marketing Department ensures that messages and images are delivered consistently, by every member of the organization Marketing and Sales Department is responsible for1. Focus on the Customer and agents 2. Monitor the Competition 3. Own the Brand and Goodwill. 4. Create New Ideas. 5. Manage a Budget. 6. Understand the ROI.

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7. Set the brand marketing strategy 8. Plan to manage competition and execute 9. Communicate Internally The mill believes in quality and is practicing not product marketing but quality marketing. It helps customers in understanding his quality requirements so as to get benefit of time and cost savings to both the mill and customers. Mill is producing cotton yarn and synthetic yarn according to demand existed in the market. Every week yarn processing committee will decide the rate for each count. Marketing division will inform the mills about the quality allotted to depot keeper along with counts and rate. Mill will dispatch the yarn to the depot keeper as per the instruction received from the market division. The depot keeper will sell the goods to the customer and remit the sales process to the mills within 7 days from the date of sale made by him. For the belated remittance for the depot keeper mill will change over due interest from the 8 th day upped the date of actual payment at the rate of 24% per annum. The depot keeper will raise the invoice for the sales made by him. Mill will account the sale invoice raised by depot keeper after verification. The appointment of depot keeper will be reviewed every year based on his last oneyear performance by a committee appointed at head office. Normally goods are being sold through depot keeper appointed at the centers. PROMOTION POLICY New counts are being introduced according to the recommendation given by the depot keeper.

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AFTER SALES SERVICE Trained technicians are available at every to rectify any defect of the product. DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL Most of the goods have been sold at up country. If any enquiry regarding export will suitable considered. DOCUMENTATION At the time of dispatch of goods mill is preparing central invoice and form 20 to combine with the lorry. CREDIT SALES POLICY There is no credit sales policy. TAX PROCEDURE Collection, remittance, filing, return to sales tax authorities is the responsibility of the depot keepers. ROLE OF MARKETING The marketing department places the quotations to the other concerns to receive orders. The main purpose of marketing is to advertise the product in the market. The Confident Engineering is being advertised in newspapers because it is essential commodity, effective advertisement is necessary. The promotion of sales is the main goal of the marketing department. Marketing praises the buyers for a routine service. 62

The company collects order from the leading textile manufactures making use of job cards. The production department produces impellers as specified in the job cards. The sales are under distribution channel.

PRICE SETTING PROCEDURE The steps involved in price setting include: Development of pricing objectives Determination of demand
Estimation of costs

Examine competitors, costs, prices and offers. Selecting a pricing strategy Selecting a pricing method Final price decision The Marketing Department performs all business activities and function to advertise the products of the company and fetches orders. Marketing is the back bone of any industry or any business unit without production, marketing a firm cannot survive grow. 1. CONTRACT After accepting the price agents they will issue contract between buyer & seller.

2. LETTER OF CREDIT
This is a negotiable instrument. It will be sent to the buyers bank from the seller bank through any advising band in India.

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3. PAYMENT Once the company submits invoice parting list, bill of exchange of their bank will forward to buyers bank. Once the receipt of document is within the buyers, bank buyers the bank that will remit the amount to their correspondent bank. Marketing department is also controlled by merchandiser only.

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FUNCTIONAL CHART OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT

MARKETING MANAGER

MERCHANDISER

DEALERS

AGENTS

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HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

5.6. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

66

HR department maintains all the records of the company and the employee for their recruitment stage to the retirement stage. Human resource management strategy maximizes return on investment in the organizations human capital and minimize financial risk. Human Resources seeks to achieve this by aligning the supply of skilled and qualified individuals and the capabilities of the current workforce, with the organization's ongoing and future business plans and requirements to maximize return on investment and secure future survival and success. Typically personnel work is concerned with:
1. The recruitment and selection of

new employees,

e.g.

helping

to

prepare job

advertisements and job descriptions for new posts, and helping to organize the interview process.
2. The induction of new employees where they are introduced to the company, and

aspects of the job they will be doing as well as essential requirements such as health and safety training. 3. Training and development. Training focuses on the needs of the organization where as development is more concerned with identifying and meeting the needs of individual employees.
4. Organizing the appraisal process to identify development needs of employees.

5. Representing the organization as a go between on disciplinary issues e.g. when a worker has continuously been late for work. Dismissing and making workers redundant where necessary. 6. Managing payment systems. 7. Taking responsibility for the motivation of employees by outlining motivational work practices. 8. Organizing the termination of work and retirement of employees, as well as job redundancies where appropriate. Personnel department looks after the welfare of the employees. At present around 200 employees are working here, Which includes both permanent temporary men and women. Classification of workers as per standing order of a company. 67

1. Permanent 2. Probationary 3. Causal 4. Temporary 5. Apprentice The main function of the personal department is selection and recruitment of staffs and workers for the company. The various books maintained in the personal department are: Personal ledger account Attendance register Application file Daily turn over report Training records

VARIOUS WELFARE MEASURES 1. First aid centre 2. Safety 3. Canteen 4. Saving Scheme 5. Rest Room TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT They give training for the employees if there is any need, recommended by the HODs or their department. If any new thing is updated they give training to the employees either internally or externally. They also giving training for the employees who appearing for the executives exams.

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The training for the executives is given by corporate office of Management Training Institute, and for the non- executives given local bodies. More training given to employees handling the systems. PERFORMANCE APPRISAL Based on the performance of the employee the appraisal is given. For the executives level the performance is monitored through on-line by corporate office and for non- executives level the performance is monitored locally by their HODs. Their performance is marked in the rating scale as excellent (5), very good (4), good (3), bad (2), and very bad (1). Based on the score and their activity the promotion and hike is dependent. One who excel in his job he was appreciated by giving awards and rewards. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS The welfare facility is beyond the Factories Act i.e., they have medical scheme, settling the dues immediately, housing, advance for the vehicle and building gymnastic, school for their children, park, swimming pool, etc. Compensation system for the employee during the work and paid leaf due to injury. house(by corporate office) and health care facilities. Apart from this they have sports activities,

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

The department resource department takes care of recruiting , orientation, placement, training, attendance, payroll of the employees. Time office is also a part of the department. It is a strict policy of the company not to employ people below the age of 18. The department manages the employees of all the units is in constant contact with the management. It communicates the demand of the employees to the management. If there is anything that equals the sophistication of the production facilities, it is quality of its motivated and adequately trained managerial and non-managerial cadres of human resource. 69

The shift timings of the employees are as follows: Shift 1-8:30 am - 7:00 pm Shift 2-9.00 pm 5.00 am (extra orders)

OBJECTIVES To regulate the employment of contract labour in certain establishment and to provide for abolition in certain circumstances. Contractor is a person who undertakes to produce and give result through contract labour or who supplies contract labour for work. Not applicable to establishment in which work is only of an intermittent or casual nature. The establishment-engaging contract labour register with the authority; so also the contractor must get a license from the licensing officer to undertake or execute any work through contract labour. Government can prohibit the contract labour in any process or work considering the conditions of work and other benefits provided in the establishment and taking into account whether the process is necessary or incidental to the industry; whether it is of perennial nature, whether it is ordinarily done through regular workmen and whether it is sufficient to employee considerable number of whole time workmen. TIME OFFICE Labour welfare officer is full in-charge of the factory management verifying the daily workings of the employees in the concern. To maintain the attendance register for the workers.

WORKING HOURS

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The company starts its workers time at 8.30 am to 7.30 pm with a break of 45 minutes (12.30 to 01.15) for lunch. LEAVE DAYS There is no leave restriction for managerial staff. For non-managerial Casual & medical leaves 20 days, Earned leaves 18days PAYMENT OF WAGES The workers are done mainly under contract basis- contract means to workers have to finish the allotted work with the time specified in the contract. After the work is finished their statement were made. CANTEEN FACILITY The companies also provide canteen facility to the workers with in the concern. HEALTH CARE All the first aid are given by the trained person with in the concern. Medical facility was also given to the workers in the concern. TRAVEL EXPENSES The concerns also provide traveling expenses to the workers working in the concern. BONUS During diwali seasons the bonus is paid according to the basis of wages earned during the year and they get a certain percentage as bonus.

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 Bonus is like a gift of the labour. Calculate total working the factory in workers of the worked period of the factory in each department is this calculation. In percentage of staffs is 25%. Labour working period and its calculating the 8.33% to 20% is limit. STAFFS HR manager, Assistant manager. CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE Implementation of effective cleaning and maintenance programme helps to produce improved quality of products, longer life for machine parts, better and improved working conditions, less fly liberation, less breakdown and repairs, low accident, etc. Rapid changes in technology of latest and most modern machines warrants for effective cleaning and maintenance programme to attain higher rates of production and good quality of yarn. Mills are ways and means for implementing the new cleaning systems and procedures for improving machines working performance. Introduction of internal cleaning especially for ring frame drafting zone helps in maintain the cleanliness and improves the utilization. The cleaning and maintenance is based on the number of machines available in each department their age, type of cleaning and maintenance schedule followed, and man-hours allotted for each activity. Mills need more personnel.

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CHAPTER NO: 6 CONCLUSION

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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION
This training has helped me in gaining practical knowledge in what so ever field of study we are. Here every student requires a practical knowledge to transform him in our study. Thus the training has proposed by the ANNA UNIVERSITY is needed a book to every PG students. From this training understand various aspects in VEE TEE CREATIONS by passing through different kind of hardship to obtain a reasonable knowledge. In conclusion the training has helped me to gain more practical function with an industry, which is more useful than theoretical study.

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