Introduction

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
A traditional operating system on a standalone computer controls the hardware of that computer, and provides a nice abstracted interface to applications that run on that computer. A network operating system works with a standalone operating system to provide communication facilities to the applications that run on that computer. A network operating system usually is not defined separately but combined into the overall lump of things called the operating system. An application running on a computer with network connectivity has to know what other computers are out there and how to communicate with them. A distributed operating system takes the abstraction to a higher level, and allows hides from the application where things are. The application can use things on any of many computers just as if it were one big computer. A distributed operating system will also provide for some sort of security across these multiple computers, as well as control the network communication paths between them. A distributed operating system can be created by merging these functions into the traditional operating system, or as another abstraction layer on top of the traditional operating system and network operating system. Any operating system, including distributed operating systems, provide a number of services. First, they control what application gets to use the CPU and handle switching control between multiple applications. They also manage use of RAM and disk storage. Controlling who has access to which resources of the computer (or computers) is another issue that the operating system handles. In the case of distributed systems, all of these items need to be coordinated for multiple machines. As systems grow larger handling them can be complicated by the fact that not one person controls all of the machines so the security policies on one machine may not be the same as on another. Some problems can be broken down into very tiny pieces of work that can be done in parallel. Other problems are such that you need the results of step one to do step two and the results of step two to do step three and so on. These problems cannot be broken down into as small of work units. Those things that can be broken down into very small chunks of work are called fine-grained and those that require larger chunks are Dept. of CSE, College Name 2009-2010 1

Introduction

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called coarse-grain. When distributing the work to be done on many CPUs there is a balancing act to be followed. No one want the chunk of work to be done be so small that it takes too long to send the work to another CPU because then it is quicker to just have a single CPU do the work, You also don't want the chunk of work to be done to be too big of a chunk because then you can't spread it out over enough machines to make the thing run quickly.

1.2 Problem Statement

The hard problems in distributed computing are not the problems of how to get things on and off the wire. The hard problems in distributed computing concern dealing with partial failure and the lack of a central resource manager. The hard problems in distributed computing concern insuring adequate performance and dealing with problems of concurrency. The hard problems have to do with differences in memory access paradigms between local and distributed entities. People attempting to write distributed applications quickly discover that they are spending all of their efforts in these areas and not on the communications protocol programming interface.

1.3 Aim of Project

To create a framework for distributed query engine which supports global grid computing using dynamic task scheduling by centralized resource management and automatic task allocation and result generation in most effective, less time, with data security.

1.4 Existing System and its effect

We look at a number of distributed systems that have attempted over the distinction between local and remote objects, and show that such systems fail to support basic requirements of robustness and reliability. These failures have been masked in the past by the small size of the distributed systems that have been built. In the enterprise-wide distributed systems foreseen in the near future, however, such a masking will be impossible. If not planned properly, a distributed system can decrease the overall reliability of computations if the unavailability of a node can cause disruption of the other nodes. Dept. of CSE, College Name 2009-2010 2

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Troubleshooting and diagnosing problems in a distributed system can also become more difficult, because the analysis may require connecting to remote clients or inspecting communication between clients. Many types of computation are not well suited for distributed environments, typically owing to the amount of network communication or synchronization that would be required between nodes. If bandwidth, latency, or communication requirements are too significant, then the benefits of distributed computing may be negated and the performance may be worse than a non-distributed environment.

1.5 Proposed System

A paradigm for the system and software design of distributed systems is presented with application to an actual large-scale computer network. In this synopsis, a design principle is offered with particular reference to how they can be applied to the design of distributed systems. The aim is focused to an implementation of how to make design decisions about distributed systems in a way which will enhance maintainability and understandability of the software and, at the same time, result in good system performance. The aim is to recognize the implications for software quality of various decisions which must be made in the process of specifying a distributed system. The core logic of the project is to build a generic distributed system which supplies a friendly user API allows remote execution. The prototype is intended for clients who need to execute tasks over more than one computer without getting involved with complex networking APIs. Using the system will allow the client to run his tasks produced over one computer and the system will take care of distributing the tasks over all computers connected to it by their priority in order to be executed in parallel and return the tasks results to the same computer the developer use deploying Round Robin Algorithm. The system is platform independent; means it can run over every platform since it is written in Java programming language. Moreover, the system can be used in environments where some machines are behind firewalls.

1.6 Theoretical Outline

Distributed computing refers to the means by which a single computer program runs in more than one computer at the same time. In particular, the different elements and objects of a program are being run or processed using different computer processors.
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Distributed computing is similar to parallel computing and grid computing. Parallel computing, though, refers to running a single program using a minimum of two processors that belong to one computer. Grid computing, on the other hand, refers to a more dedicated distributed computing setup - one whose computer 'members' are especially dedicated to the program being processed. The terms "concurrent computing", "parallel computing", and "distributed computing" have a lot of overlap, and no clear distinction exists between them. The same system may be characterized both as "parallel" and "distributed"; the processors in a typical distributed system run concurrently in parallel. Parallel computing may be seen as a particular tightly-coupled form of distributed computing, and distributed computing may be seen as a loosely-coupled form of parallel computing. Nevertheless, it is possible to roughly classify concurrent systems as "parallel" or "distributed" using the following criteria:

In parallel computing, all processors have access to a shared memory. Shared memory can be used to exchange information between processors. In distributed computing, each processor has its own private memory (distributed memory). Information is exchanged by passing messages between the processors.

1.7 Organizational Profile

CBK Infotech India (P) Ltd: CBK Infotech India (P) Ltd has rich experience in custom development of innovative application packages for overseas as well as domestic clients. The domains are as varied as the technologies are. Our analysts and technical staffs are well trained in the processes that encompass all phases of Software Development Life Cycle. Our expertise in every stage of the cycle enables us to offer specialist help in one or more of the following, apart from end-to-end solutions. IT Infrastructure Engineering: CBK Infotech India (P) Limited Infrastructure Management Services can provide the scalability and technical expertise to Dept. of CSE, College Name 2009-2010 4

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reliably deliver application availability, security and performance. Whether supporting equipment located in a data center or an external hosting facility, our Infrastructure Management Services can dramatically improve system security, availability performance and recoverability, enabling internal IT resources to focus on high priority business initiatives Application Development: Our Custom Application Development capability provides significant benefits for many companies. There are several advantages to having CBK Infotech develop your custom solution for you. Most importantly, we are committed to providing you with the maximum results and the minimum hassle. You are freed to focus on your business instead of the complexities of software development. Furthermore, we have a tremendous set of pre-built and pre-tested building blocks available. This greatly reduces your cost and risk. As enhancements are made to these building blocks, they are automatically available to you Technology Consulting: Our capabilities include scenario planning, option modeling, risk analysis and management and metrics for R&D and innovation performance. Many of our assignments overlap these apparent boundaries, as we assemble the right package of services and tools to meet an individual business need. And CBK Infotechs services are designed to support our clients throughout this process - the first time around, and when it must be re-done to create even better performance next year.

Vision & Value / Goals: To create a milestone in the field of Research and Development and Innovation in Technology by earning our Clients enthusiasm through continuous improvement driven by the integrity, teamwork, and innovation by strategic stress on quality

Careers / Work Culture Our Company is all about our People. All these years we have been hunting and adding like minded talent to our organization. A few reasons why getting in Sparrow should be your next intelligent move

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Exposure & Teamwork : Mega brands to work on design front, challenging projects giving you exposure to best of technologies, well defined roles, inspiring and seasoned team members and a personal touch to all this. It speaks up for our HR practice and work culture.

Knowledge Acquisition : We offer a creative, stimulating, rewarding and challenging environment, which at the same time remains collaborative. We believe that by taking good care of our members, we are creating a highly skilled and motivated team for our customers. Here at Sparrow you will be exposed to best of the technologies, out of the box ideas and some applications that you thought never existed. All this sure would turn you into a true heavyweight pro on your defined circuit.

Professional Freedom : At Sparrow we are focused on creating a place where everyone enjoys their work. We understand that the continued growth and success of our company depends on the individual growth and success of our Team Members. That is why we are dedicated to helping them reach their own personal career aspirations and goals. Performance reviews are done periodically to ensure that we are responsive to the professional growth needs of our people.

Financial Growth : Sparrow operates a Pay-for-Performance policy. Every member of the team shares our overall success both professionally and financially. We believe in making Business Owners and Not Employees.

Teamwork, along with the key ingredients of mutual respect, open communication, and responsibility are integral parts of Sparrow's Culture. And yes we are hiring and growing big for sure! Do checkout our open positions and mail us your resume. Once we figure out that we gel, we would leave any stone unturned to have you with us. Services: CBK ensures of the highest quality standards through careful documentation and implementation of a Project Quality Plan, which details quality responsibilities, controls, processes and procedures. We monitor and control the quality of services provided through a combination of task and process audits, checklists, inspections, the allocation of individual responsibility and accountability for the work undertaken, and timely reporting and documentation. Our services involved:Dept. of CSE, College Name 2009-2010 6

Introduction Software Development Java Technologies:

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Java helps client realize the benefits of Enterprise Java J2EE platforms, and related technologies including Web Services and J2ME. A CBK Infotech India (P) Ltd has built a team that focuses on skill building, knowledge management and pioneering research in emerging Java technologies with stress on Web / App Server Tomcat, Jboss, Weblogic, Websphere, Rational Application Server, JetSpeed. Microsoft Dot Net Technologies: Our Microsoft .NET practice develops and delivers comprehensive solutions utilizing the full range of .NET functionality. We Work with your business to understand your requirements and demonstrate the capabilities of .NET framework and develop the system to the requirements .NET Custom Solutions: .NET Desktop and Web Application Development .NET Software Product Development Web Services based .NET Application development .NET Mobile Solutions (Microsoft's .NET Compact Framework) Firmware and Protocol Implementation CBK Infotech India (P) Ltd has considerable domain knowledge in networking and telecom. We have experience in development of software for data networks based on IP and have worked on access devices, switches and routers. We also develop protocol stacks in the areas of LAN, WAN, ATM, telecommunications and signaling, and for embedded applications on specific platforms. Mobile/ hand-held devices CBK Infotech India (P) Ltd have expertise in writing applications on mobile and hand held devices and create value-added solutions in the areas of GSM, CDMA, GPRS, IEEE 802.11 based systems, 3G and Bluetooth. Dept. of CSE, College Name 2009-2010 7

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1.8 Chapter Summary

Chapter-1: Abstract: Chapter-2: Introduction: This chapter tells about the problem proposed system with its theoretical outline. Chapter-3: Literature Survey- This chapter majorly deals with all the findings and observation which is conducted as a feasibility study before the actual development of the project. Chapter-4: Software Requirement Specification- This chapter is one of the very important section in the whole dissertation which speaks about the product perspective, user characteristics, its assumptions and dependencies, specific requirements, functionality along with resource requirements. Chapter-5: High Level Design- This chapter deals with the advance software engineering where the entire flow of the project is represented by professional data flow diagram starting from level o till 3, it also highlight the context level diagram of the application. Chapter-6: Detailed Design- This chapter mainly deals with class diagram as well as structure chart for the project representation Chapter-7: Implementation- This chapter deals with the steps involved in the creation of the project work. It is defined with the assistant of code explanation for the ease of reader. Chapter-8: Snapshots- This chapter mainly deals with the graphical user interface of the project to show the output of the application. Chapter-9:Testing- This chapter mainly deals with the various types of the test cases to prove the validity of the project. Chapter-10: Conclusion and Future Work- This chapter is mainly the summary of the entire project development and it also suggest some of the enhancement idea which couldnt be covered up due to constraint of time and resources. Bibliography- This section mainly highlights all the journal and case-study paper being referred for the development cycle of the project. Appendix o Appendix-I: List of figures and tables Dept. of CSE, College Name 2009-2010 8 statement, background of the project, motivation, its existing system and its effect s well as

Introduction o Appendix-II: Manual o Appendix-III: Glossary

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Dept. of CSE, College Name

2009-2010