1.

Analyze the cultural and economic responses of two of the following groups to the Indians of North America before 1750 England France Spain i. England: 1. - pushed Native Americans west and fought with them a. -Pequot War - 1630s, English and Dutch dispute over fur trade, Pequot tribe allied with the Dutch, English win, Pequot tribe destroyed (members killed, captured, sold to slavery culture eliminated) 2. 1607 - Jamestown, Virginia founded a. Native American attacks, starvation, disease, location (swamp), young aristocrats not used to arduous tasks b. John Rolfe and Pocahontas discover new variety of tobacco that is very popular in Europe economic prosperity 3. Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony a. trade - English trade manufactured goods (iron tools and weapons) for Native American furs b. Native Americans share knowledge on growing crops and hunting c. Plymouth - first harsh winter (many die) Native Americans help with crops (corn) i. celebration to give thanks to Native Americans = first thanksgiving 4. - English lack of respect for Native American culture a. believed Native Americans were unorganized, filthy, primitive, savages b. pushed Native Americans west to support growing English population c. did not want to convert Native Americans or intermarry did not want to share traditions/customs 5. - European diseases a. Native Americans not immune b. many native Americans die therefore decreasing the spread and practice of the Native American culture ii. Spain 1. - conquistadors (Cortes, Pizarro) search and find gold and silver inflation 2. - encomienda system a. forced native Americans to give up land and work for Spanish b. grew crops such as corn, wheat, and rice economic prosperity 3. - Pueblo revolt -1680

a. beginning- Spanish= very brutal b. Native Americans win and force Spanish out c. turning point because it leads to inter-marriage and christian conversions 4. - European diseases a. Native Americans not immune b. wipe out Native American population decreases spread and practice of Native American culture c.

2. How did economic, geographic, and social factors encourage the growth of slavery as an important part of the economy of the southern colonies between 1607 and 1775? a. (pg. 33-34) b. Economic i. Increase of wages in England causes drop in laborers in Americas, had to look elsewhere ii. The need for a cheap source of labor to work plantations, slaves provided that iii. Ease of trade due to the triangular trade iv. England essentially made the colonies grow cash crops as raw materials for them to produce manufactured goods to sell back to the colonies at much higher prices in order to gain a profit. v. Growth of the tobacco industry called for large amounts of laborers to farm plantations. vi. As job specialization increased, many people realized that the quickest route to wealth was through the acquisition of land and agriculture. c. Geographic i. Large land area and fertile soil causes them to need more workers ii. Southern colonies were located on the coast which made them easily accessible for importing and exporting goods to England and other countries, this made them develop large scale plantations in this area. iii. Warm climate of the south allowed for the farming of various crops and cheap labor was needed to perform the necessary work. d. Social i. Needed dependability in their work force after Bacons Rebellion 1. Feared small farmers and indentured servants 2. Wanted more control over their workers 3. Slaves were able to be controlled by Slave Laws a. Bondage for life b. Children inherit slavery c. Seen as social inferiors ii. i. Virginia House of Burgesses passes a law to discriminate between blacks and whites, indentured servants were to be set free after a certain number of years, yet black slaves were never to be freed. iii. i. Dramatic increase in African population in America, from 28,000 in 1701 to 500,000 in 1775), making up about 20 percent of the colonial population. 3. For the period before 1750, analyze the ways in which Britains policy of salutary neglect influence the development of American society as illustrated in the following a. Legislative assemblies i. Englands salutary neglect caused the colonies to self govern themselves resulting in different legislative assemblies

Legislative

1. House of Burgesses (1619 first representative assembly in American founded in Jamestown)(representatives = male, white, landowners) (politics greatly affected by economy - males who own most land voted to be representatives) 2. Mass.Bay colony (allowed puritan men to elect government officials, and represent in an assembly) 3. Mayflower Compact (established a written constitution showing the basis of powers and duties of the government)(majority rule landowning men can vote) 4. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (first constitution written in the colonies, showed that the colonies were able to govern themselves without the help of England) b. Commerce i. Mercantilism 1. general form of commerce between England and the colonies, where colonies sold raw materials to the mother country and bough finished products from them, salutary neglect led to smuggling ii. ii. Navigation Acts 1. List of hundreds of regulations on trading, let colonies only trade with England for the most part. a. - presence of the navigation acts is proof that there was smuggling occurring and England wanted to stop the smuggling 2. These acts were not enforced due to Englands salutary neglect and much smuggling of French and Dutch goods was done, especially in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 3. Only would enforce it when they felt like it (often in spurts) thus angering America

c. Religion (In general i think many people fled to the colonies because of England's lack of care for them so they could practice religion freely)true, separatists and pilgrims and puritans and catholics all did that d. Maryland Act of Toleration (LIKE A CATHOLIC) i. Allowed Christians to practice freely, but condemned all who did not worship Jesus Christ. ii. This showed salutary neglect because it made regulations regarding religious beliefs that were not practiced in England and would not be approved of by the British crown.

e. The Great Awakening i. Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield (fire and brimstone speeches) ii. Allowed Americans to skip a step of awakening in the Puritan process, which was due to the salutary neglect of Britain iii. First purely American cultural experience f. Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Connecticut i. allowed free practice of religion The Holy Experiment (William Penn tested his ideas based on his Quaker beliefs) 4. In what ways did the English colonies develop differently from the Spanish and French colonies? i. English 1. Political a. House of Burgesses i. (representatives=white, male, landowners) ii. (economy of Jamestown greatly affects politics- males who own most land voted to be representatives), iii. democracy , b. representative government in multiple colonies (Jamestown, Massachusetts), i. majority rule in Plymouth 2. Economy -plantations (cash crops, tobacco) a. -Mercantalism (England regulated trade and commerce to help the colonies become self-sufficient b. Triangular trade c. The institution of slavery d. Subsistence farming in the northern colonies 3. Religion a. Puritans i. more mainstream, less radical, wanted to purify the church of Englandii. more money and support than Pilgrims b. Pilgrims i. separatists, radicals who wanted to completely separate from the church of England), etc. ii. less structured more freedom and tolerance than in Spain and France iii. went to Holland and Dutchification occurred (children adopting Dutch culture), felt like they were losing there identities colonization of new world ii. Spanish 1. Political - Created a highly organized empire, developed social stratification based on race (peninsulares, creoles, mestizos,

mulattoes) and discriminated against the natives--intermarriage to keep the pure blooded Spaniards born in the home country to be the dominate class 2. Economy - gold, silver, conquistadors (Cortes, Pizarro), encomienda (forced native Americans to give land and labor), inflation 3. Religion - Spanish missionaries, killed multitudes of people iii. French 1. Political - Alliances with native Americans (French and Indian War), no permanent settlements or attempts to form colonies, not interested in taking land or labor 2. Economy - fur trade (High end luxury item in Europe) , fish trade 3. Religion - black robe, missionaries

5. Religion was a dominant factor in the development of the new world colonies. Assess the validity of this statement. a. English more than others although all had some religious goals b. English i. Strong religious motivations 1. Trying to escape religious persecution in England a. Puritans i. influenced by John Calvin ii. Massachusetts Bay Colony b. Separatists aka Pilgrims i. Wanted new church ii. Mayflower iii. Formed Plymouth colony c. Spanish i. Economically motivated 1. Economienda 2. Conquistadors 3. Search for gold a. increased gold supply by over 500% b. ships and ships full of gold and silver 4. Enslaved locals ii. Do try to convert locals with missionaries but it is an afterthought 1. not main purpose of voyages d. French i. Missionaries do come but not main intent of voyages 1. Black robes 2. Jesuit Priests ii. Mainly Economically motivated 1. Fur trade 2. No large settlements only trading posts 3. Want to monopolize fur 4. Defend locals to maintain good relations