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Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
in
2008
IVIicrosoft
Corporation
http://www.archive.org/details/chessfundamentalOOcapa
BY JOSE
R.
CAPABLANCA
A PRIMER OF CHESS
JOSE
R.
CAPABLANCA
CHESS
FUNDAMENTALS
BY
JOSE
R.
CAPABLANCA
NEW YORK
mimeograph
or
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
PRINTED IN THE
U. S. A.
SRUF
o<//S
PREFACE
Chess Fundamentals was
ago.
first
modern Theory.
articles
may
well
of vital
The
fact
is
that the
Hypermodern Theory
is
same old
principles
tactics.
There
The change
has been only a change of form, and not always for the
best at that.
may
as good
now
as
it
was thirteen
and
rules of the
game remain
therefore
at present.
The
reader
may
work
of its kind
J.
now.
R.
CAPABLANCA
New York
Sept. I, ig34
LIST OF
CONTENTS
I
I
PART
CHAPTER
g
13
3. 4.
5.
Pawn Endings
Some Winning Positions in the Middle-game Relative Value of the Pieces General Strategy of the Opemng Control of the Centre Traps
....
19
24
25
6.
7.
28
8.
32
CHAPTER
Further Principles
9.
II
in
End-game Play
35 37
10.
A A
11.
12.
Cardinal Principle Classical Ending Obt.aining a Passed Pawn How to find out ^vincH TO Queen
40
first
41 43
13.
The Opposition The Relati\^e Value of Knight and Bishop How TO Mate with Knight and Bishop Qlteen against Rook
....
50
59 62
CHAPTER
III
Attacking without the aid of Knights Attacking vmth Knights as a Prominent Force. Winning by Indirect Attack
68
.
71
73
LIST OF
CONTENTS
IV
PAGE
CHAPTER
General Theory
20.
The
Initiative
77
21.
22.
23. 24.
25.
Direct Attacks en masse The Force of the Threatened Attack Relinquishing the Initiative Cutting off Pieces from the Scene of Action ... A Player's Motives Criticised in a Specimen Game
.
78 82
89
94
99
CHAPTER V
End-game Strategy
26. 27. 28.
29.
30.
The Sudden Attack from a Different Side The Danger of a Safe Position Endings with one Rook and Pawns A Difficult Ending: Two Rooks and Pawns .... Rook, Bishop and Pawns v. Rook, Knight and Pawns
(A Final Example of preserving Freedom whilst imposing restraint.)
iii
120
122
127
138
CHAPTER
VI
32.
Some Salient Points about Pawns Some Possible Developments from a Ruy Lopez
(showing the weakness of a backward
143
Q B
P;
the 146
power
33.
of a
Pawn
at
5,
etc.)
150
LIST OF
CONTENTS
II
PART
ILLUSTIL\TIVE
GAME
1.
GAMES
PAGE
1909) R. Capablanca.
1911). R. Capablanca.
,
15^
Black:
J.
2.
163
3.
169
4.
French Defence
White:
J.
(St.
Petersbltjg,
a.
R. Capablan
174
5.
RuY Lopez
181
6.
189
R. Capablanca.
197
7.
8.
201
9.
209
R. Capablanca.
Black: R. Teichmann.
10.
215
R. Capablanca.
(St.
Black: F.
J.
Marshall. 221
11.
RuY Lopez
White:
J.
Petersburg,
R. Capablanca.
12.
225
R. Capablanca.
Black: O. Chajes.
13.
1918)
Black:
J.
231
Morrison.
R. Capablanca.
1918).
. .
14.
Queen's
Gambit Declined
J.
(New York,
238
White: F.
Marshall.
Black: J. R. Capablanca.
CHESS FUNDAMENTALS
CHESS FUNDAMENTALS
PART
CIL\PTER
I
AND Openings
The
first
is
to famiharise
himself
with
power
of the
to
pieces.
This can
best be done
by learning how
accompHsh quickly
some
SOME SIMPLE
IiIATES
Example
King.
1.
The
is
to
The principle
last line
King
to
the
on any side of
demonand the
7,
strated
by the
first
move,
R R
7,
which immediately
King
mate
is
quickly
2
accomphshed
by:
iR R
and
K Kt i;
The
forced.
Kt
2.
combined
action
of
King
in
Rook
is
The
is
general
principle
beginner
to
foUow
to
keep his
King as
much
file,
as
possible
on the same
When,
better to place
it
K B K K i; 4 K K K-Q i; 5K-Q5, K-B i; 6K-Q6. because then the Black King Not K B
2...K B
6,
will
go back to
If
and
it
will take
much
longer to mate.
now
i,
R R 8 mates
at once.
6...K-Kti;
K Kti;
K K
King
I,
to
On move
have continued
will ultimately
6K Q6, K Bi
mated
King
and
i;
be
8
by
6,
K Kt K Kt
i; 10
K B R R
R R8); 7K K6, K R i; 9 K Kt
6,
8 mate.
is
way
to proceed
2,
to
thus:
K K
K Q
4;
K K
it
3.
is
As the
better to
Should
drives
if
now
it
move
ch.
to
4,
the
Rook
If
back by
5
R R
;
On
2.
now
if
3.
instead
4,
the King
Now
5
7
the
ending
may
continue
K B
7.
K-Kt
7;
It
should be noticed
how
often the
but also to
mobility
of
the
opposing King.
Now
6
White mates
moves thus:
in front of the
R R
4 ch,
file,
K Kt
II
8;
10
R any
King
It
White,
K B
R R
mate.
should be done
it
may
be monotonous,
things, as
his pieces.
will teach
him
Example
3.
Now
we come
to
^
^P
W W
'^^^
<^m
^^ ^^m ^^ ^P ^P ^P
King
is
in the corner.
White can
;
play
3
If the
Black King,
in the original
had been
away
his
from the
last row.
movements
to as few squares as
We
3...K
Kt2;4K B
2.
must
also be forced
same time,
in
one of the
two
8,
files
in this
case either
K R 6, K Kt 6, K B
KB
and as
4
KR
. .
and
K
5
Kt
it is
to either of
.
King ought
to go.
4,
K
2;
i;
B
7
2;
K Kt K Kt 2; 6 K R K B K R K Kt 2; 8 B Kt K Kt
3,
5,
6,
9K R6, K Bi,
move one
Kling to go
WTiite
back
10
B R5,
it
K Kti;
iiB K7,
up a
K R
I.
Now
diagonal,
i.
moves back
to
ch,
Kt
12
i;
13B
It
K6
any
K R
14
BB
6 mate."
mate
under
and,
position,
it
should be
done
in
thirty.
In
all
In
all
such endings,
is
however,
it
is
forced
on to the
or
an outside
file,
e.g.
KR
Q R
4,
K
4.
or
8.
Example
the
We
now come
it is
to
against King.
Rook and
Take the
following position:
^^
'^^
W^
^^'
m
A
as
2
#^
to
is
make
i
the
first
move with
much
as possible.
2.
Thus:
Q B
6,
K Q
5;
K Q
Q Q
K
5
4; 3
KK
6,
3,
6,
K Kt
4.
;
K B 4; K Kt 5,
5
(if
then
Q Kt
4,
6 ch)
Q K
and
6;
7
KR
next
3,
KR
6Q-K
8
Kt
KB 4 K R 6,
mate
move); moves;
K B
mates.
In this ending, as in the case of the Rook, the Black King must be forced to the edge of the board; only
PAWN PROMOTION
the Queen being so
9
the
is
and and
shorter.
These
in all of these
the principle
tion of the
is
the same.
is
King
needed.
Rooks are
PAWN PROMOTION
is
game
and
is
it
often
is
sufTicient
when
the Pa-wn
It
essential,
speaking
generally, that
the
King should
he in front of his
Pawn, with
at least
is
Pawn,
Example
.._
lo
PAWN PROMOTION
position
is
The
for
way
to proceed
is
in front
in-
of the
it
P
a
K 3,
very
as
This
is
Any
other
move would
lose,
As the Black King cannot be kept close up to the Pawn, it must be brought as far forward as possible and, ?.t the same time, in front
be shown
later.
PK K B 4,
3
4 ch,
K K
3.
4;
K K
3,
K K
3;
K B
case.
As the
White King comes up, the Black King must be kept in front of it, since it cannot be brought up to the
Pawn.
P K
ch,
K K
3;
5,
5,
I.
If
White advances the Pawn, the Black King gets in front of it and White must either give up the Pawn K 6, and a stale mate results. If instead or play
Pawn White withdraws his King, Black brings his King up to the Pawn and, when forced to go back, he moves to K in front of the Pawn ready to come up again or to move in front of the
of advancing the
White King, as
The whole mode of procedure is very important and the student should become thoroughly conversant
PAWN PROMOTION
with
its details
;
II
for
it
up
later on,
At
on
book
much
stress
importance.
6.
Example
King
is
In
in front of his
Pawn and
there
is
one intervening
square.
^P
I
^P
^^-
MMwm.^^wmWmmm.^m
fl
^m
^m
^m
The method
of the
to follow
is
to
is
Pawn and
to
its
Pawn
until
it is
essential
own
I.
Thus
K K
4,
K K
3.
now compelled to advance his Pawn as to force Black to move away. He is then able advance his own King.
White
is
2.
P-K3,K-B3;
3.
K-Q5,K-K2.
12
If
PAWN PROMOTION
Black had played
3.
.
.K B
4,
4, since he could be forced to advance the Pa^\^l to not advance his King without leaving Black the
opportunity to play
K K
it
5, is
White not
safety does
still
Pawn
Thus:
own
not require
it,
Kmg
fur-
ther forward.
4.
K K5,K-Q2;
the White
5.
K-B6,K-Ki.
it
Now
Pawn
6.
is
may be
K4,K Q2.
to play
3,
Now
to bring
fore he
it
would not do
KB
7,
because
K Q
King
back
his
to protect the
must continue.
7.
P-K5,K-Ki.
else,
Had
he moved anywhere
7,
7,
K B K 6, K
now
followed
by the advance
tries to
Pawn
to
K
him
all
by
the King.
force
As Black
to
move away,
Thus
K K6.
it
Example
8...K B
i;
9K-Q
7.
PAWN ENDINGS
King moves and the White Pawn advances
becomes a Queen, and
it
13
to
8,
is
all
over.
This ending is like the previous one, and for the same reasons should be thoroughly understood before proceeding any further.
3.
PAWN ENDINGS
I shall
now
see
Pawns
reader
may
out
Fewer explana-
up
to the student to
work
things
learn
for
himself.
Furthermore,
nobody can
how
;
book
it
if
must
realise
by long and
bitter ex-
many
things
Example
7.
14
PAWN ENDINGS
this
In
1
position
6,
White
cannot
win
by
playing
P, which
2
PB
PX
then
would
lose,
but
.K Kt
i,
and
if
PX
P,
K X P, and draws, as shown in a previous case. If 2P B 7 ch, K B I, and White will never be
able
2
to
Queen
7,
his
Pawn
3
without
losing
it.
If
K K
I
PxP;
KxP,
K Bi,
and draws.
WTiite,
however,
diagram by playing:
K-Q
7,
K-Kt
If
i;
K-K
i;
7
7,
K-R
P-B
K R
6 mate.
i;
3P-B6,PXP.
3-K-Kt
3;
7
7ch,
K R i; 4 K B
6
P B 8 (Q) mate. 5 P Kt 7, P B 4;
ch,
2;
P-Kt
8 (Q) ch,
K-R
Q-Kt
m'
mm.
Example
by
I
8.
5.
In the above
i
position
Kt
draws.
out.)
He
cannot win by
Kt
5,
because
Kt
3 draws.
PAWN ENDINGS
which governs
this
15
all
ending as well as
the
Pawn-
more
K K
4,
K-Q4, K-K3; 3K-B5, K-B3;4K-Q6,K-B2;5P-Kt5, K Kt 2; 6 K K 7, K Kt i; 7 K B 6, K R2; 8K B7 and White wins the Pawn.) 2 P-B 5 ch, K-B 3; 3 K-B 4, P-Kt 3.
(If
K-K3.
i...P-Kt
3;
(If this
Pawn
in
is
shown
Example
5P B6,
K B
into
I.
White cannot
force
his
Bishop's
Pawn
(find
Pawn up he
Thus
Pawn and
the game.
8P B
K Kti.
There
In
is
still
some
fact, the
only
way
to
win
is
by experiment.
6,
K R
(if
K B
K R
i
2;
and
in order
as against 16
16
18
P Kt
6,
P Kt 6 ch, K R draws), K R K Kt i; 17 P Kt K B 2;
i
7,
K R
7,
the
PawTi
and
wins.
to be surmounted,
i6
PAWN ENDINGS
left,
when
to use
paying
Example
9.
In
this
ending
^^
wm.^
fs^,
^^
^
^^
wm,^
m.
m ^ Mi
m
^_^
of the three
tf^^^^^^^p^^^^
Pawns
move, but
it
is
of advancing the
Pawn
Thus we begin by
I.
thai has
Pawn
opposing
P-B 5,K-K2.
6;
If
P Kt
5-
3,
PB
and we have a
If
i
. .
similar ending
.
to one of those
shown above.
PR
P-Kt
2.
K-K5,K-B2;
3.
P- Kt K-K
5,
2.
PAWN ENDINGS
If
17
if
3...P-Kt
P Kt
3;
P-B
6,
and
3...P-R
3;
we have a
similar
P-R5,
and by following
it
up with P
showTi.
Kt
P X P
we have the
4...P Kt
3,
then
result.
R PX
P,
PB
6 ch
on one
side of the
when the Pa\ATis are board we shall now examine Pawns on both sides of the
cases
Example
10.
In
att
is
to act immediately
you have
the su-
^m^
^m,^
^m^
WWW
^_
^M
4.
perior forces.
Thus we have
I.
P KKt
i8
PAWrN ENDINGS
advance the
It is generally advisable to
Pawn
that
is
free
from opposition.
I
P-QR4.
Black makes an advance on the other side, and now White considers whether or not he should stop the
advance.
way
when
the opposing
King
2.
is
far
away.
If 3.
Kt
4,
3,
wms
the
at
Q R
Pawn
long
P-Kt
5,
5,
5,
K-Kt
2;
2.
If
6,
K-K5.
single
Now
This
out
it is
Pawn.
by the student
SO:\IE
WINNING POSITIONS
GAME
19
4.
SOME WINNING POSITIONS IN THE MIDDLEthe time the student has digested
all
is
By
that has
anxious
all
the pieces.
shall
will give
the reader
Example
11.
to ^..m*
^
5
.....
a
.
It is Black's
threatens to play
Q R
6 and to mate at
i,
Black plays
of
i.
.R K
threatening
Kt 7, mate by way
and most
R K
8.
his real
3R Rsch,
20
Example
-f/Miii
'-^Jm^
1/^^^
*"
<..y.///y
B,..^...^S.....
^^^
1
it
^^
White
is
back quickly he
1.
he therefore plays
Kt X Kt
B Kt
He
by
Kt because White
threatens mate
QXP
if
ch followed by
2.
RR
ch,
3 ch.
Kt Kych
;
QxKt
KXQ
;
Again
B X Kt
;
QXP
RR
3 ch,
King moves
3. 4.
R 8 RX Q Q-Q7
P.
mate.
Bx R
of
the two
Bishops, remains
and a
win
against a
therefore
easily.
IN
THE MIDDLE-GAME
21
Kt P one
square, after
side.
Example
13.
W! m
^
W _^
This
tion.
is
Black has a
R
is
for a
Kt and
in
fact,
should therefore
immediately.
WTiite,
mates
in
a few
moves thus
I.
Kt B 6ch
PxKt
KR
I
Forced, otherwise
2.
QXP
mates.
Q Kt 3 ch
B X P
mate.
3.
Example
curs
in
14.
The
same
t>Toe of
combination oc-
position.
22
."
.6^
If
B X Kt B X Kt Q B
1.
;
QX
3
is
B.
which
already attacked.
Kt B
BXP
6ch
Px
Kt
I
3.
R Kt3 ch
mate.
K R
4.
Example
tion
is
15.
shown
mn.
''mm.^u.wm.
^M
IN
Here White
THE MIDDLE-GAME
is
23
the exchange
:
I...K-R
6,
i;
Q-K
i;
7
B x P ch, K X B. P KKts; 5,
5,
Q R
2
and
5 ch,
wins.)
Q R
a R.
K Kt
KR
5,
Kt Kt
and Black
Queen by
Q K
for
Example
position.
16.
This
same
t5TDe
of combination
is
foUowmg
B ^ n^m ^m ^ '^^L ^P B H
^'H^^ft:^^^^^^
1^^..
-^
1^
V?
i:.ij
B)
from moving to Kt
2
B)
R best 3 B X P ch, K X B. (If 3...K-R1; 4 Q-R5, P-K Kt3; sBxPch, K Kt 2; 6 Q R 7 ch, K B 3; 7 P Kt 5 ch, K K 3; SBxPch, RxB; 9 Q K 4 mate.) 4 Q R 5 ch, K Kt i; 5 Kt Kt 5, R B i RX
B,
Kt X
24
6
8
Q R Kt R
K B i; 7 Q R 8 ch, K K 2; 9 R K
is
ch,
i
Kt Kt
i; i;
ch,
K Q
10
Q X Kt
mate.
rather long
This combination
ations,
vari-
fathom
but,
knowing the
tyjDe
combination,
never think
tions
of.
It will
be seen that
all
the combina-
shown have
been brought to
5.
There
is
for all of
them, and
to
For
all
though
it is
my
most cases
and
it is
well
known
The Bishop will be stronger against Pawns than the KLnight, and in combination with Pawns will also be stronger against the Rook than the Knight
will be.
25
and a Rook, but a Queen and a Knight may be stronger than a Queen and a Bishop.
A Rook
Bishop
will
will
Two Rooks
They
Bishop, and a
stronger than
Queen.
Knights and a
more
so than
a Knight.
The power
of the
off.
Knight decreases as
The power
Rook,
on the contrary,
increases.
the
when
The handling
is
The main thing is to drcclop the pieces quickly. Get them into play as fast as you can. From the outset two moves, iP K4oriP Q4,
open up
theoretically
one
the best, as
no other
move accomplishes
so
much.
26
GENERAL STRATEGY
17.
1.
Example
Suppose
3
we begin
P K4
2.
Kt KB
P K4
This
is
Kt QB3
Kt-B3
Kt-B3
B-Kt5
advisable
is
//
is
generally
not
to
bring
this
Bishop
King's
out until
one Knight
out,
preferably the
also
Knight.
to
4,
but
B-Kt5
same manner, threatening a pos-
Black
sible
replies in the
XP
to
follow.
5-
0-0
way
of
an
indirect
preventing
will
5...BxKt, which
to be bad.
show
At
OF THE OPENING
5
27
0-0
line of reasoning.
P-Q3
P-Q3
viz.
:
to profor the
B-Kt5
'm
.'-1, "
'
W(im m wn^i
'-"
'
mmj^m
mm
>
-mm.
mm. a
^ W M
A
li
m.
^ i^
to win quickly
by Kt Q
it
impossible
for
(There
lose
if
is
he also plays
B Kt
as
5.)
He
is
now
forced to
play
7...BxKt,
up
the
experience
has
shown,
thus
bringing
First,
up
to ten
moves
As
rule, eight
should be enough.)
28
(This, at such
an early stage
Pawn
Third,
White by the exchange brings up a Pawn the square Q 4, puts Black on the defensive, as
ence will show, and thus keeps the
tionable advantage.^
initiative,
to control
experi-
an unques-
The
same
strategical principles
for all
the openings,
mind.
Before development has been completed no piece should
he
it
is essential
in order
to obtain either
of action.
well to
remember
:
this, as
viz.,
bring
7.
The
tively,
four squares,
4 and
and control
The
of these
control of
squares
No
violent attack
The value
29
and possibly
three.
Many
a manoeu\Te in
its sole
It is
will often
be
moves which could not otherwise be properly understood. As this book progresses I shall dwell more fully on these different points. At
the reason of a series of
random and explain the moves according to general principles. The student will in that way train his
at
mind
in the
less
trouble in finding a
confronted with a
new and
difficult
situation.
Example
18.
1.
2.
P K4 Kt KB 3
principle the
P K4 P Q3
move
is
timid move.
at once.
On
Paums.
3-
P-Q4
offensive
so as to
to
Kt-Q2
move
to
Kt Q B
3,
which would
But on
prin-
30
ciple the
wrong, because
it
and instead
cramp them.
4.
QB
KR3
of his previous
Black
is
forced to
move.
itself
Such a move on Black's part condemns by any form of opening that makes it necessary.
White threatened Kt
it
.
Kt
2,
(if
P X P, Kt X P because of with 4. .B K 5...PXP, 6 Q-Q 5); 6 KtxKt, PxKt; Q R and White wins a Pawn and has besides a
5,
-
Kt B3
6.
7.
K3 Q K2
that he wants
last
KKt B3 B K2
White does not Castle
to deploy his forces
force
yet.
first,
The reason
is
move
Black
to
play
PQ B
threatens
3 to
make room
i,
for the
Queen
as
White
R Q
7
8. 9.
to be followed
other alternatives
would
finally
PX
R Qi
-O
P-B3 Q-B 2
his
With
this last
is
development,
while Black
A simple
examination
will suffice to
31
unassailable.
in his
armour,
and
may
in
It will
moves
as they
come
to
my mind
without following
me
book
is
technicalities
will
be able to under-
Example
19.
1.
2.
3.
P K4 Kt KB 3 P-Q4
P K4 P Q3
B-Kt5
least
opening
is
some
compensation.
4.
PxP
Pawn.
BxKt
.P
X P
loses a
5.
6.
If
Kt B
QxB B QB4 Q Q Kt 3
PxP Q-B3
wins a
Pa\\Ti.
32
7.
TRAPS
8.
Q-QKt3 Kt-B3
5-
P-QKt3
P-QB3
To prevent
Kt Q
i^
m.....,..,mj^^^^
*
^^
p^
1^
P"""
^p
and White, with a Bishop and a Knight already developed, has a chance of obtaining an advantage quickly
by playing Kt Q 5 anyway. The student is to work out the many variations arising from
position.
left
this
These examples
will
show the
practical appHcation
The student
warned against playing Pawns in preference to pieces K R 3 at the beginning of the game, especially
and P
Q R
3,
which are
in-
dulged in by beginners.
8.
TRAPS
which (practice has shown)
I shall
now
in the openings,
and
in
TRAPS
Example
20.
33
aigli
i
*a^.Ai."
.4
^m iP PI
White plays:
1.
PxP
Kt
y
KtxP
BX Q
Kt
3.
4.
BxPch
Kt Q 5 mate.
K K2
Example 21.
;>:
-^^Wm
'.^^-t-^:
34
TRAPS
P K
3.
But
suppose he plays
1.
Kt
ch
KB
3 instead, then
comes
B XP
Kt
does
would
also give
ifBxQ;
2BXP
2
mate.
Nor
i
.
BR
5 help matters,
because of
QX
B,
BK
White's
3 leaves
inferior position.
But
move
an immediate material
advantage in position.
I
2.
KxB
Kt K
5
ch
K moves
3.
KtxB
in
fact, there
but
the
most common
of
all.
CHAPTER
II
We
and
shall
now go back
vance
this
may
In
9.
A CARDINAL PRINCIPLE
^
'fm
wm.
^^^
'^^^
^
m^^
^m^^^l. ^
P Kt
to
advance the
Pawn
that is
from
opposition.
know
this principle or
35
because he
36
A CARDINAL PRINCIPLE
suppose,
we
say,
that he plays
i
.
p_Q R PQ R
I
4.
4,
A
ponent's Pawns.
stress
Pawn would
It
on
this principle.
it
can be applied in
much many
ways, and
in the
weapons
hands of a master.
Example
cient proof.
22.
The
suffi-
ation
We
give a few
moves
of the
main
vari-
1.
P R4
P QR4
2
2.
K Kt
(Best
;
KB
see why.)
3.
P Kt
(Best.)
PXP
P Kt6 P Kt 7
4.
5.
P R5 P R6
6.
7.
P-R7
P-Kt8(Q)
8.
won by
classical
of
the
A CLASSICAL ENDING
10.
37
A CLASSICAL ENDDsG
Example
at
23.
In
this
Pawn where
it
stands
2.
As soon
as the
easier for
Black to win.
Pawn) may be divided into three part will be to get his King to K R 6,
his
all
The
first
at the
same time
(This
it
is
is
essential at the
his rearmost
may
be able to advance
Pawn one
If 2
K K6
3
4,
P-R
4,
P-Kt
Tsill
win.
38
2
3. 4.
5.
A CLASSICAL ENDING
K-B K Kt K Kt
2
I
K-B5 K Kts K R 5 K R6
The
first
B B B B H B i B B B^^H^^1 ^^ ^^
J
^^^iS^^,/^^
^
The second part
advancing the
6.
7.
^^p
^^p
^^
^^ ^^ P F^ 'P
will consist in
^^P
^^P
will
be short and
R P
up the K.
K Ri
K-Kt
I
P R4 P R5
^P*P**g
A CLASSICAL ENDING
The third part the Kt P so as
King
sary
is
39
will consist in
to play
It
P Kt
when
the White
at
R
to
it is
how
of the WTiite
it is
In this case, as
Pawn
will
White King
one
square
will
Kt P
the
vanced
since
King
is
at
Kt
I.
8.
K R
Px
P
P Kt4
I
9.
K-Kt
10. 11.
K Ri
P Kt
7.
P-KT5 P Kt6
If
K Kt
I,
II
12.
13.
K Kt
KB
2
PXP P Kt 7 K R7
way
that the student shovdd
and wins.
It is in this analytical
try to learn.
logical
He
will
This
example
it
it is
easy to di\'ide
and
to explain the
main point
of
each part.
The next
subject
we
*
shall
study
is
40
sition,
I wish to
call attention to
two
things.
11.
When
there
is
three or
WM:
M '^m ^m..^^^^^m^^^^m
illl
m^
Wa
M^
^w
m.
^^^^^^^^^^ ,^
^m
^m
^m
Example
Pawn.
24.
In
way
of
obtaining a passed
Pawn
is
1.
P Kt6
RPxP
PxBP
White Pawn
is
If
PxP;
2.
PR
6,
3.
P B6 P R6
case the
of
and as
in
this
nearer
to
will
the
41
Now
if
it
play
I
P-Kt3
2.
BPxP
BPxP
to try to obtain a passed
It
Pawn
Black Pawn.
Px
PxP
The
12.
HOW TO
to succeed.
this position
Example
wins.
In
whoever moves
first
42
WTIICH
The
first
PAWN
is
FIRST TO QUEEN
by counting, whether
thing
to find out,
the opposing King can be in time to stop the passed Pawn from Queening. When, as in this case, it cannot
is
to count
is
in
Pawn
and becomes a
Queen
is
in
Thus
P R4
P-KR4
P-R5 PXP
White can capture
so,
2.
3.
P-R5 P Kt6
httle calculation.
if
Now
ing,
comes a
he does
he
will not,
when Queen-
command
Pawn.
his
6.
P-R6 P R7 P R8
P-R6 P-R7
(Q),
and wins.
well
to
acquamt hunself
with various simple endings of this sort, so as to acquire the habit of counting, and thus be able to know
with ease when he can or cannot get there
again I must
call
first.
Once
cannot by
as a guide,
itself
teach
how
to play.
It
and
if
must be learned by experience, a teacher can be had at the same time, so much
and the
rest
THE OPPOSITION
13.
43
THE OPPOSITION
King into a position
similar to the
When
by
forced to
said to
have
the
^^^^^^^
^^^?^^^
^^
^^
^m.^
^^
M.
^m.^^^m^^^m
Example
plays
26.
Suppose
K-Q4
WTiite
in the
I.
Now
or,
if
passage
the
Kmg
by playing
the
K Q
own King
Kings are
by replying
K B
4.
Notice that
directly opposed to
them
is
odd
one
in
The
above,
44
THE OPPOSITION
close frontal opposition
^"J
^ ^ ^ ^
which can be called actual or close diagonal opposition,
or, again, this
^p
form
^ ^ ^" " A
i
.
^P P P ^ ^p ^p
which can be called actual or close
In practice they are
all
P
lateral opposition.
The
Kings,
THE OPPOSITION
Now,
if
45
may
The matter
and takes
of
of the opposition
is
highly important,
all
at times
for the
most
simple forms.
of
(An examination of some of the examples King and Pawns endings already given will show
all
In
when
the
Kings are on
move has
the
same
line
and
the
number
who has
the
the opposition.
'^M.
^M^^_
'm
W W
^
\'
^^
^^
^1^
m^
Example
tage
the
27.
The above
enormous value
the
opposition.
The
46
position
is
THE OPPOSITION
very simple.
Very
little
is
left
on the
however.
Who-
move wins.
of intervening squares
is even.
Now
Thus:
to
move
straight up.
I.
2.
3.
K K2 K-K3 K K4
K K2 K-K3 K-B3
his King, or of playing
N6w
White can
5
K Q K B
Mere counting
will
will
only
lead
to
K B4
K Kt3
will win.
If4...K K3;
5.
5K Kt5
K K5
it
K Kt 2
be seen that White wins by
Now by
The
counting
will
THE OPPOSITION
defence more difficult
to
47
overcome.
Let us begin
anew.
K K2 Nowif 2K Q3, K Q
I.
K Qi
2,
or
if
K K3, K K
both cases.
2,
in
(WTien
number
is
of
intervening
squares
odd,
the
player
has the
opposition.)
Now
There
is
3,
and that
waiting
or
file
Therefore
it is
seen that
in such cases
when
have
move, you must advance, leaving a rank free between the Kings. Therefore we
2.
KB
K K
Now, it would be bad to advance, because then Black, by bringing up his King in front of your King, would
obtain the opposition.
similar
It is
move
3.
to Black's first
move,
viz.
K-K3
first
variation
examples of
losing of
opposition.
a game.
48
THE OPPOSITION
28.
Example
defence.
is
an excellent
%^
ilJ^
wm me;^^
m ^m^m^.
m
White
is
jm.
apparently
lost,
yet he
K Ri!
Pawns does not permit White
in
effect
if
The
to
position of the
draw by means
K B K B
(actual or
close
opposition),
K Q
7;
2,
K Q
move,
own Pawn
if
3.
On
K R2
K-R3I
3.
K-Q7 K Q6 K-K7
THE OPPOSITION
4.
5.
49
K Kt2
K-Kt3
K K6 K-Q5
forcing Black to play 6
.
6.
K Kt 4
Pawn and
.
attacking the
K K
to
Kt
3 as already
if
K Ri
P Kt5
will
K Kt2
ch;
3
K Q7
followed
If
2...PXP
draw.
3.
KxP,
by
K K
4,
will
PXP
will
P-K5
show that both
sides
Queen,
student will
now
to the examples of
have
all of
them
paramount imporall
tance
as, in fact, it is in
nearly
endings of King
in
so
14.
weU
so
if
to state
now
more Pawns.
'^""""'
'^m.
m _______-
^"'"W^
Example
29.
Pawn,
Thus
Kt Kt6
P R5
51
game
will
Kt-K5
Kt B Kt
6
3-
P-R6 P R7
P-R8(Q)
is
4.
5-
Kt-Kt5
B 7 mate
eviaent.
The reason
White with
Pawn
is
Example
30.
Although he
WM
i i
pi mm
It is the greatest
the Rook's
Pawn Queens on
is
Pawn, the
absolutely worthless.
do
is
to keep
moving
his
King
comer
square.
52
^ W
Example
variation.
31.
I.
2.
345-
Kt 4 ch P Kt4 K B P R7 K B 2
Kt
I
K Ry K R8
Kt-K3
Kt B I Kt X P mate
we have
the
P-Kt5
6.
7-
P Kt6ch
we
Now
can
that
analyse
different
and the
relative
generally thought
command
fact
is
However, the
53
longer
Also,
much
as
shown
stalemate a Knight
is
unable to return.
Example
32.
^P
^m
P
^m
^M
^m
i
^ ^
The weaker
is
more
terrible the
Knight
Knight as compared
to the Bishop.
In this respect, as in
many
others, the
54
This is about the only case when the Example 33. Knight is more valuable than the Bishop.
^ ^
i
^
It is
^^ imi
^
^''^
what
is
and
all
the
there were
Pawns
Of course, there
his Bishop.
is
an
a
Pawns
is
This
The proper way, mistake often made by players. generally, in an ending, is to have your Pawns on squares of opposite colour to that of your own Bishop.
limited
by
is
of
squares
it
commands.
55
Pawns
on squares
of the
same colour
if
Bishop, particularly
The
might be stated
thus
When
Bisliop.
the
Pawns
on squares of
same
colour
as
your
opponent's
BisJiop,
wJiether the
opponent
own Bishop.
Example
34.
the Pa\Mis
no advantage
Knight or a Bishop.
The game
<mA-
MA
milaf^.'
.-^
^..,.j
i ill i
im
4mM
4b_
56
Example
Now
let
us add three
Pawns on
Pawns on both
wm
m^
\ i
..^Mi_
It
is
now
the position,
draw.
The advantage
in its ability to
Bishop Hes as
much
command,
abihty to
side of the
board
to the other.
^^
mm mm
mm
J
"9
^Wm^ ^ ^m
'^i
A
ft
P 4m& -mm
W^
^^
57
it
In
the
above position
is
un-
Thus,
on the King's
the
side,
to two, while
on
to
Queen's
Still,
side
is
Black
that
has
three
two.
in
draw,
though
White
has
somewhat
better
chances.
Example
37.
Here
is
is
position
in
which to
but there
is
a passed
Black).
Pawn (K
R P
if
for
WTiite,
Q R P
at
all.
for
Black
should
have
extreme
it
difficulty in
drawing
this position,
he can do
58
Example
diffi'
culty in drawing
'P
P P P
tions.
many examples
As
will help
him
to the general
method
wiU
be best.
similar end-
Advance
of the
King
Pawn
or
Pawns
as far as
is
consistent
with
their safety.
To
Each
to
ending
different,
and requires
different
handhng,
do.
according to
Calculation
will count.
by
is
what
59
Now,
us see
colotir
Example
at
39.
In
8.
this
QR
or
KR
two
parts.
King
done
We
might begin, as
is
generally
to the
K K2
make
it
K Q2
more
difficult,
Black, in order to
goes towards
3.
K-Q3 B-B4
K-B3 K-Q4
6o
4.
5.
HOW TO
Kt K 2 Kt-B3
IMATE WITH
K B 4
K-Kt5
6.
7.
K Q4 K-B5
K-B 6
Kt Q5
is
8.
9.
K R4 K-R3 K-R K Ri
2
is
The
first
part
now
in the
white-squared corner.
QR8toQRiorKR8m
i will
QR
Kt Kt6ch
11.
12. 13.
BB 7 B Kt8
K R2 K R3 K R4
Kt-Q5
make
for
K-R
Black
tries to
KR
White
5,
BK
6i
I give
K Kt
15
Kt
it
K
is
3,
in
by using
King
as
much
as possible.
14.
K--B5!
Kt--Kt 4
1516. 17-
ch
24.
25. 26. 27.
28. 29.
K--Kt6 K--B6 K--Kt6 K--R5 K--R4 K--R5 K--R6 K--R5 K--R6 K--R7 K--R6 K--R7 K--R8 K--R7 K--R8
is
:
rather laborious.
and
it
accomphsh the
62
16.
This
is
endings without
Pawns.
The
many, and
rules.
when used
(The rule
skilfully
that at any
exchanged or a
afresh.)
Pawn
Example
move.
40.
This
is
Now,
it is
White's
it
would be simple, as
^^^
^M
i^
^ ^
'^^'W
^m^^^^m,^^{
63
We
to
is
force
Rook away
from the defending King, and that, in order to compel Black to do so, we must bring about the position in
the diagram with Black to move.
Once we know
becomes
easier to
what
find.
is
required, the
way
to proceed
Thus
I.
Q K 5ch
;
K Kt
6,
(The beginner
I
2.
K to R
or to
3.
Q R ch Q-R5
I
is
K Kt
The
first
part
concluded.
Now we
come
will
to the
second part.
otherwise the
to a WTiite square,
win
it.
Therefore
3-
R Kt6
Q-Ksch
KR
I
4.
5-
best
6.
7-
Q R8ch Q Kt 7ch
Q-Kt8ch
QR
2
K-R2 K-Ri
R-Kt
I
8.
mate
when 3...R Kt 8; 4
Q K
5 ch,
KR
2.)
64
^^^
^m^^^mWM^m
i^^^^^
^^^^
^ P P P
^^^ ^^ ^^^
^^^
^^^
Example
41.
The
procedure here
is
very similar.
The
things to bear in
mind
Rook must
because of an
in the
3 or
i.
Example
42.
We
shall
now examine
a more
diffi-
cult position.
^m.,^
^^m^
^^,
m,
^.
65
by
this position.
Thus
2.
Q K5ch K B K Kt6 R Q2
it
The only
one, which
makes
very
difficult for
.
White, since he
.
.
cannot play 3
4
K B
6,
quickly by
K B
Now
6,
R Kt 2 ch 6 because of 3 Kt 3 ch draws. Nor can he win R 3 Q Q B 5 ch because 3...K K R Q 3 ch! driving back the WTiite
Q K
i,
King.
that
we have
The
best
move
is
1.
Q Kt
2
5ch!
K Ri
i;
IfK R2;
2.
Q Kt 6ch, K R
5
3K R6!
Q K
ch!
5
3.
K Kt
K R 2 best R R2!best
41.
If3...R Kt2ch;
similar to those in
4K B6 leads to a position
I
Examples 40 and
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
66
2.
Q Kt ch K B Q Q8ch K Kt 2
5 I
3.
K Kt
R B6
R
The best place for the Rook away from the King. Kt 2 ch; 5 K B 6 3...K R2; 4 Q Q 4,
seen.
Q Q4ch
K B
K Kt6 Q_Q 6 ch, K Kt 2; 6Q K5 ch, K B 7 K Kt 6 would also win the Rook. The text move,
5
i
however,
is
8.
K B 6 K K6
Q B
is lost.
4ch
67
The student
He
CHAPTER
III
my own
beheve
can be considered as
easily occur again in
positions that
similar form.
;
may
a somewhat
is
of great help
It often
in fact,
may
help the
little effort,
without such
17.
68
69
is
43.
It is Black's
move, and as he
if
at
all.
He
QR Kt i!
R B
ch
;
If,
QX
Q,
RXP
2
3.
K R
I,
-Q
4 and mate
RXP
ch
5
K B
Ktx B
BB
ch
4.
R Kt 8mate
mm
'i''%M
fi*->i
HiH
M
mm
mm
'^
iS9i
Example
44.
Black's
last
move was P
5,
6,
was White's
threat, viz.
:R Q R
5
to
which he
Q B
he
by perpetual check.
forceful
move, and
mates
in
three
moves as
follows
70
1.
ATTACKING WITHOUT
2.
R X P ch R Q R 5
White mates
QXR
Black moves
3.
^1
W^^ i^^W;^M
^ ^ ^
Example still he had
fore plays:
1.
^^
if
45.
White
better gain
some
he can, before
He
there-
2.
RX Kt! Bx Pch
RX
PxR K K2
helpless.
If
Kt X B
3.
Q-R7ch
Q X Kt
ch
4.
5.
K Ki K Q2
Q K2 QxQ K-Ki
Resigns
Q-R7ch
B B8 R X Q ch
6.
7.
8.
RxR
in
71
the attack.
We
shall
now
give
some examples
in
18.
^^^^^.'#^ ""^^^
Example 46. White is two Pawns behind. must therefore press on his attack. The game
tinues
:
He
con-
I.
Kt (B
5)xKtP
Kt B4
Evidently an error which made the winning easier for WTiite, as he simply took the Rook with the Knight
attack.
5,
K-B
2;
KtxP,
lose.^
R-K
My
2; 6
Kt-K
J.
4,
* Full score and notes are given in Capablanca (Game No. ii).
Chess Career, by
R.
72
" mm
W m
i
^l(^B
i
Example
amine the
of
47.
The
is
student
should
carefully
ex-
Bishop in
for
it
similar situations
is
The game
continues
1.
BXP
ch
5
KxB
ch
2.
Kt Kt
.
K-Kt3
ch wins the Queen,
Best.
If 2
K R
Kt X P
with an
irresistible
Q-Kt4 Q-Kt3
P-B4 K-R3
Example 50
(p 80.).
White
*
finally won.^
is
This position
elaborated under
73
We
have so
Very
game
attacks are
made
pieces, or
even Pawns.
The minning of a
strength often
Paum among
the
winning of
game.
is
of such positions
of great im-
portance.
We
Pawn
as a
means
of
^^
'I,
^^
'^F
Example
is
48. Black is a Pawn behind, and there no violent direct attack against White's King.
he
is
Pawn
but to
carefullv
74
management
I
2.
R Ri
P QR4
move was P
White's best
follow
Kt X B
ultimately win
Q X Kt, the Q R P,
3
always keeping a
text
slight
advantage in position.
easier.
The
2
3. 4.
KtxB
QxKt
Q-B5
KR Qi
KR Kt
is
Pawn by
more
playing
BX
and
to be had,
Queen
He now
threatens,
among
other thmgs,
R X Kt
P.
5.
Q-K3
Q-Kt5
R-Kt5
BQ
I
5.
B-Qsch
K Ri
QR Kt
QxR
Q-B5
Pawn.
up the exchange.
8. 9.
RxB R-Qi
will recover his
Now
Black
75
I
Wi
M
and
the exposed
Q R
were
Indeed,
if
it
we might conclude
side,
Pawns
to
and
his
Bishop commanding
to choose from.
4,
might
iB B4,
QR Qi;
But
P Q Kt
is
4 would
make
it
there
another
upsets Black's
position
better position.
Kt Q
4!
The game
continues as follows:
1.
Kt Q4!
PxKt
Kt Kt
5
2.
Rx B
76
BB
4.
B B 4ch
K R
R K6 RXP
P Q6
is
And
ahead.
Pawn
These positions have been given with the idea of acquaintmg the student with different types of combmations.
I
hope they
develop his
note,
all
these middle-game
are thrown
all
machine-
That, at
should be,
least, is
if it is
what the
ideal
middle-game play
CHAPTER
IV
General Theory
Before we
it
will
be ad\dsable to dwell a
on general theory,
game may be
better understood.
20.
THE INITIATIVE
on the board both
sides
As the
have
amount
of material.
means
the
initiative^
is
and the
initiative,
other
an advantage.
Now
this ad-
obtained in
place.
WTiite, according
his pieces
down, develops
He
it
some
positional
to keep
advantage that
will
make
possible for
him
He
it
when he
gets for
77
78
assured that he
adversary's thrust;
ority of material,
and
finally,
him the
since,
victory.
in
This last
self-evident,
order to
wm
the
where he
is
way
of escape.
Once the pieces have been properly developed the It may resulting positions may vary in character.
be that a direct attack against the King
or that
it
is
in order;
is
advantageous;
a more or
less
prolonged period.
21.
In the
first
must be
carried
on with
Under no sufficient force to guarantee consideration must a direct attack against the King
its success.
is
absolute cer-
own mind
that
it
Example
diagram
50.
shown
in the
following
BB
and
fers
still
with
79
The game
continues thus:
12. 13.
14.
B X P
ch
KxB
K-Kt3
P B4
Kt Kt 5 ch Q Kt 4
P K 4 would have been immediately fatal. Thus: 14...P K 4; 15 Kt K 6 ch, K B 3; 16 P B 4! P K 5; 17 Q Kt 5 ch, KxKt; 18 Q K 5 ch, K Q 2; 19 K R Q i ch, Kt B 3 (if K i, Kt Q6ch Q6; 20 Ktx P,
Best.
K
21
RX
2
Kt,
QXR
22
K Kt
^
(if
K Q
mate
two)
R B 23 Q B
ch,
ch
and mate
in five
moves.
We
give,
may
take
from now on, games and notes, so that the student the many and varied considerations
We
must
where, while not being able fuUy to understand every move, yet he
So
Q-Kt3
Q R4ch Q R7ch
P K4 PX P
K-R3 K Kt3 K B3
Kt - Kt
3
If
KX
Kt
Q X Kt P
18.
19.
PxP
Kt Q6 Kt(Q6)-B5
20. 21.
QR Qi
Q-R3 Q Kt3
22.
23.
KR K
;
Q-B2 Kt K 7 ch
..B
be saved
ch,
in
any case
25
e.g. 23.
K3; 24RXB
Ktx R;
24.
25.
26. 27.
28.
Resigns
Example
51.
Another
m
example
of this
kind
mm
m^Wm ,,.W3, m
Wwfmm
^_^_j^|_
8i
Kt X P
Such a course
is
a position.
at
St.
won
the
brilhancy prize
B-R4
Kt X B
Q-Q2
Q X R
22.
^3-
Q Q8ch
2; 24
Q Ki
6 ch,
-B
24. 25-
Kt Q
King moves;
25
B Kych
K B2
26.
If
Kt Q6ch Kt R4ch
;
K-Kt3
K R4
5
28
K-R 4; ch, K-
Kt
30
27. 28.
29.
6 ch
KtxQ
Kt X P ch Kt (Kt 7) - B
5
ch
30-
P KR3!
of the combination started with 21
is still
is
The climax
R 4.
White
it
to avoid
for
all
the material
82
and that
out,
it is
some
demonhe
King must
22.
Failing
the
second case,
for
must attempt
to increase whatever
weakness there
or,
is
if
may
there
is
only
if
some-
to be gained immediately.
threat
it
exists
and
own
mayour
One
on one
of the best
and most
is
successful
game
then
to
make
a demon-
side, so as to side,
draw the
through
forces of
opponent to that
the
greater
mobihty
THREATENED ATTACK
to the other side
S3
before
your
opponent has had the time to bring over the necessary forces for the defence.
is
shown
in the
following
game
52.
Example
White
Played
at
the
Havana
Interna-
tional IMasters
:
J.
R. Capablanca.
1.
R. Blanco.
2.
3. 4.
5.
P K4 P-Q4 Kt-QB3
Kt X P
Kt-KB3
Kt X Kt ch
6.
7-
Kt-K5
A'-^
1 ft &
WS. mm
mm
M m
s
WM m%
first
shown
to
me by
The
the talented
object
is
to
84
after
P Q Kt
3,
which
is
Black's usual
it
development
to
in this variation.
Generally
is
bad
made
to
mend
7 8.
B-Q3
Q-B3
2 *"'
'y^yy//y^
mM.A.m...
iii
m.:m.
m.Aw
The
text
B K Kt
himself
might be better.
move
gives
P-B3
It
PB
own;
The
text
move accomplishes
THREATENED ATTACK
in
85
veiled threat
an altogether defensive
;
position.
The
;
B X Kt
followed by
9.
Q R
3
5
4 ch
is
easily met.
PB
10.
B K Kt
00 BK 2
too
their
The
back
fact that
opment
faulty.
He
has
lost
much
time,
and
White brings
his
pieces
into
most attacking
any
sort.
I
B Q3
was Kt
3,
Kt K
The
play
alternative
4.
Otherwise
White
to
would play
Q R
Kt
3
(not
K R
3,
because of the
sacrifice
BX
12.
Q R3
P KB
Now
WTiite's
P),
how
the principles
in this
game.
Every
move
is
make
the
tenable, or to profit
by the
position of
White at other
13. 14. 15. 16.
points.
B X B
Qx
I
0-0
KR K
R K2
R B3 Kt Q3 B Q2
S6
At
make way
for the
Rook.
QR Ki
P QB
4
R Ki
Kt B
2
PB
5,
and tempting White to play Kt X B, followed by B X P, which would be bad, as the following variation shows: 19 Kt X B, Q X Kt; 20 B x P, Kt
P2;
PX
Kt,
QX
if
P.
But
is
it
cases that,
is
anticipated, there
rule, as
another;
and
no exception to the
will
be seen.
11mi
m,^m^m,/
^^^ ^
^J^K,
'^^Mi
4^^^
19.
P-Q5!
KtxKt
Apparently the best way to meet the manifold threats B P X P would make matters worse, as of White.
the White Bishop would finally bear on the weak
King's
Pawn ma Q B
4.
THREATENED ATTACK
20.
87
21. 22.
Rx Kt Q R4 Q Q4
P KKt3
K Kt 2
PB
4
PX
P,
and
also
QX P
Q-B3
better.
P-Kt3
But Black wants
to
Q Q
White
was
tempt
to play
regain his
is
P X P, thinking that he will soon after Pawn with a safe position. Such, however,
I
is,
in
my
for
up
the defence of a
to act.
24.
Pawn, while
PX P
BB
#$T^
25.
2!
All the
Black
5.
8S
BB
B-Q5
all
BxP K B 2 Q-Q3
the Black pieces are tied
Now
way
his
it
is
it
evident that
up, and
White
will
now
try to place
Queen
at
K R
6,
K R P
to
5 in order to
Q K3
4,
R K2
3,
5,
If
30
32
34
to
B 5; 29 Q K R P K R 4; R K 2; 31 Q Kt K Kt 2; QR P-K R Q-Q 2; 33P-K Kt 3,PXP; and Black will soon be helpless, as he has P B
28...P
4,
4,
to advance
PR
29.
and
finally at the
proper time
to play
RX
B, winning.
3031.
32.
33-
K Kt
P-R3 P-B5 PxP
Resigns.
in this
if
game. Dr. E.
nature.
Perfection in
such cases
is
much
more
difficult to
89
of pieces.
23.
has been
on material.
is
good example of
type of game
given below.
Example
53.
From
P-K4
the
R. Capablanca.
1.
Black: D. Janowski.
P-K4
Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 P-Qa
PXB BK
2
2.
Kt-KB3
B-Kt5
3.
4.
5.
0-0
B X Kt
ch
6.
7.
P Q4
Kt-B3
better,
PXP
what
I
might be
and therefore
played
knew
7
8.
to be good.
Kt
Q2
9.
10.
11. 12.
Kt-KR4
90
Black
to
obtain
an attack.
Without considering at
justified
all
on the part
is
concerned
there
is
Then, once
to derive
all forces
R6
2
I
14. 15.
R Q
R
Q
B
4,
Kt Q
Kt B Kt R Kt
4
I
To
the
force
White to play P
5 for his
hole at
Knight.^
Such grand
show
hand
of a master.
16.
P QB
Kt-K3
17. 18.
BxR
Kt K3
better.
QxB
Kt-Q5
Kt- K B
-
was
18
19.
Q-Qi
P
P-QB4
Kt
2
In order to prevent
but winning a
20.
R Kt
mean a
In order to play
^
B Kt
in chess parlance
has come to
Pawn
him
or B,
by Pawn moves.
"holes" at
B 3 and 3, where White forces, e.g. a could establish themselves, supported by pieces or Pawns.
KR
Kt
91
adit
if
he loses
is
Pawn
for
it,
If
m
'.
^P wm
'^**i^,
i m
WM
WM
y//
\/^'<^
21. 22.
^y^/y/y^,
Kt B3
PxP
P-B4 PxP
^^ "^ mm
The
position begins to look really dangerous for WTiite.
is
reaching
its
maximum
Very soon
it
will
92
White,
action,
and through
an undoubted advantage.
23-
Kt Bi
Kt X Kt
24.
25-
He
could
P B5 B P X Kt B Kt 2 P B4
i
because of
RxQ
P.
Bepres-
sides,
5.
At
RXK
P, but
he
will
way
for
it.
Then, by giving
up a Rook for a Bishop and a Pawn, he will completely upset Black's attack and come out a Pawn ahead. It is on this basis that White's whole defensive manoeuvre
is
founded.
27.
28.
R Ki K2 R K3 R (Q2)
PB
3
1^
Wfm:
wm.,^
^^^^
"'
^^^^
'''mm.
'"<,
'''.
i
Now
is
the Black
It
prepared.
Rook enters into the game, but White is now time to give back the exchange.
93
303132.
3334.
RXP RxB Q K8
RX
Qch
BxR
R KR3
R K5 Kt Q2
QxQ K B R-QB3
2
RB
The
text
move
34
35. 36.
R-Qs Kt K 4 ch
lose easily
K-B3 R-K3
K K
2
RX
Very
of
Kt would
37.
fine.
I
;
Rx B
RX
B,
P-Q6!
R
B
7
ch because
K Q
RX
2
Kt
winning.
38.
39. 40.
K-B
PX B
B X Kt RXP
R Q
very
R K6
to win.
The ending
is
difficult
At
this point
last
move
before the
game
was adjourned.
i,n
94
P - Q Kt
RxP R-KR3
RX Pch
RxP K-B3
RR 5 R R4
ch
K-B3
K-Kt4
RxP
P-R4ch
5152.
R-B
5ch
P--Kt4
I
its
nature,
game than we
treated separately.
24.
Very often
off,
to cut
actual conflict.
com-
moment
game
is
won, because
will
on one
is
furnished
by the
following game.
95
Victory
Played
:
at
the
Hastings
1919.
J.
(Four
Knights.)
White:
W.
Black
R. Capablanca.
1.
2.
P-K4 Kt KB 3
Kt-B3 B-Kt5
P--K4 Kt QB
34.
5-
Kt-B3 B-Kts
0-0
B X Kt
0-0
6.
many
a game.
It gives WTiite
is
a very solid
game.
Niemzowitch's idea
time be able
to play P KB
opening a
Knight at
K B
5,
He
game
from going to
in
KB
5,
he
will
have to weaken
is
his
WTiether this
to be proved, but in
my
opinion the
is
move
But
is
perfectly
good.
On
no question that
it
his pieces.
must be
variation
due course.
6
QPxB
96
The
Kt P X B
gives
of
7.
8.
P-Q3 B Kt 5
not at
all in
B-Q3
accordance with the nature
This move
is
of this variation.
The
K R 3, to be followed in time by the advance of the K Kt P to Kt 4, and the bringing and of the Q Kt to K B 5 via K 2 and K Kt 3 or Q linked with the Kt K 3. Then, possible, the K other Kt by placing at either K R 4, K Kt 3, or K 3
White
is
to play
if
is
it
remains at
Kt
i,
but mostly at
K R
Finally, in
P KB
times
4,
Some-
it is
other times
comes simply to
R4
P KR3 P B4
^ See game Capablanca-Kupchick, from Havana International Masters Tournament Book, 19 13, by J. R. Capablanca; or a game in the Carlsbad Tournament of 191 1, Vidmar playing Black against
Alechin.
^
See Niemzowitch's
1
game
ment,
^
9 14,
New York
ment,
97
1
i
M
5rs5 rm
8.
Em
k
i
fi^^
2 ^
^
Wm. t^
bi^^
k
To
.1
^?i Jm^m
prevent
5,
Kt Q
to play
P Q 4 and to draw White into playing which would prove fatal. Black's plan is
Kt
4,
permit, in order to free his Queen and Knight from the pin by the Bishop.
10.
Kt
White
Only lack of experience can account for this move. WTiite should have considered that a player of my experience and strength could never allow such a move if it were good.
falls
10.
P-KKt4
a
fl
i^-^
98
move White's game is lost. White cannot play Kt X Kt P, because Kt x Kt will win a piece. Therefore he must play B Kt 3, either before or after Kt X Kt, with disastrous results in either case,
After this
as will be seen.
11. 12. 13. 14.
Ktx Ktch
B Kt3
P-KR3
QXB
Qx Kt B Kt5 BxKt
15.
PxQ
bA
vyy^^^^
P-KB3
^^^^^^
ywSmrA ^^S ^/^
QXQ
A
it
is
minus
a Bishop for
practical purposes.
He
by
sacrificing
then.
At
least
it
would
all his
lose
cannot be in doubt.
so that the student
The
rest of the
game
is
given,
to
may
see
how
simple
it is
win
such a game.
99
K-Kt2 P QR4
P-QR4
KR-QKti
KB 2 K K3
R R P-R4
There
is
file.
PxP
P-Kt3
RPxP
P-B3
5
21. 22.
23.
If
immediately by
24.
R- Kt
B
5,
after
PX B
P.
6)
RPXP
P X P (Kt
PxP
28. 29.
R R4 P Q4 R B4 RXBP
Resigns
25.
Now
my
games with
my
o\\ti
notes
and study
Mr. F. F. L.
has the
It
100
Thomas
game
for
me
at
and with the understanding that I would make the comments on them that I considered apSir George Thomas' notes are in brackets propriate. and thus will be distinguished from my own comments.
my
request,
Example
55.
Queen's
P-Q4 Kt-KB3 P-B4
Kt-B3 B-Kt5
Gambit Declined.
Sir
{The
White
Mr. F. F. L. Alexander.
I.
Black
George Thomas.
2.
345-
6.
P-K3
Q-R4
mm
^^'^m s^^rf'"'"'^!^ ^
w^m
mm r^l
(One of the objects of Black's method of defence is K 5, followed to attack White's Q Kt doubly by Kt
by P X
P.
But
Kt
2 is
IN A SPECIMEN
of meeting this threat.)
GAME
;
loi
There
are, besides,
first,
two good
that
it
is
not as
much played
as
some
B and
Kt,
B X Kt
Kt X B
8. 9.
P QR3 Q Kt 3
Q
3,
Kt K
B-K
This
is
B which
should
is
of
make
sure
BQ
Kt X Kt
11. 12.
(I
PX
Kt
Px
B
Kt
it
BxBP
B3
come
to
to
5,
from
where
weakening
out
my K
P.)
complished by playing
BQ
Incidentally
it
bears
my
should have
3.
0^0
was P
The
alternative
4,
followed by
and then
initiative
0.
5,
Pawn
position con-
siderably,
to stake all
on a
102
a turning
point in
it
is
0-0
P K4
P'-K4
15.
P-Qs
K R Q
is i,
later on.
wanted him
to advance this
as there
this
now a
my
His
at
QB
4.)
By
that he does
B.
He
made a
if
B from coming
out, or
that
were not possible, then he should try to force Black to weaken his Pawn position in order to come out with
the B.
first,
IN A SPECIMEN
GAME
B
occupies.
103
in the
PQ R
4, in
dominating
position
now
2
;
This
QB
second, either of
Rooks
to
Kt X B,
Q Q X Kt
i
in order to threaten 16
;
PX
P,
B X P
18
B X P
ch.
followed
to
Black
play
Thus by playing P
K R
WTiite would
text move have attained the desired object. blocks the action of the White B and facihtates Black's
The
development.
sive,
and the
throughout the
rest of the
game
in
will
which he
15
16.
Q-B
B-Q3
it
of
At present he cannot
play
P Q
Kt
3,
PXP
followed
by
B-Q
5-)
16
17.
PB
4
I
P-QKt3 B Kt 2
i
18.
KR-B
Q
any
R- Kt
and
P- B
QB
5.
But
it
to
4,
which he
would do
in
case.)
I04
20.
(It
RE 2 Q Kt 2
been
I,
BK BB PB
better,
4
3 to
would
.
have
probably,
play
20.
K R K
P B
it
4 presently.)
weak
lacks force,
and
It
handle in a game.
a plan on a large
success,
and with
it all, it
means
it
From
by a
White
it,
direct
He
R K
I,
threatening
P K
4.
If
is
able
then, once
he should quickly
shift his
for his
QR Kt
P
lost
QR Q
B R3
QR4 R-Qi
KR-Ki
Q-Kt3
IN A SPECIMEN
(To bring his Queen across after Kt
24
25. 26.
GAME
105
2.)
R 4 and B K
R-Q3
Kt
R4 K2
P-Kt3
Ai
A
H
i i
'
H PP ^W W W
s
W^
26.
PxP
Kt
4 to
(I
is
6.
If
Pawn
I intended to
I did
him
ment
Black's judg-
believe to be faulty.
Had
White retaken with the B P, as he expected, he would have had the worst of the Pawn position, as WTiite would have had a passed Pawn well supported on the
Queen's
side.
lie
in
his
io6
posted
invariably stronger
He
PX
with the
exchange.
B P on
27.
account of
B XP
ch winning the
KPxP
P Kt3
move.
It
28.
P-Ks P-K6
would have been better
to
do not
it
like this
to hold
in reserve
and
have played
be followed
P B 4, and P B
text
to
The
move
4,
at
Q B
and
make White's position safer than it should have been. The move in itself is a very strong attacktends to
ing move, but
it is
isolated,
and there
is
no effective
continuation.
29.
P-B4
Kt-B3
303132.
R Kt 2
K-Kt
2
33-
Kt-Kti
P-
Kt
IN A SPECIMEN
(If
GAME
BX
R,
107
now 34
B-B
3,
PXP;
35
BXB
ch,
PX P
PX P
R-KBi
K R
i
.
P-Kt5
WTiite's
RR
dently
finding
only move
The
it
position
now
is
evi-
won
for Black,
and
is
only a question of
carried
The final attack is now the right course. on by Sir George Thomas in an irreproachable
36.
manner.
37.
B-Q3 Kt K 2
R-KB3
QB
I
im
^' '
it.
/'^^
m..
i^
(Again preventing
B X
7
! ! !
on White's Rook.
If
Kt B
4,
PK
5
39
41
Kt X
P,
40
RX
R,
K
If,
ch
B X
B, best,
R X Kt RXR
4,
ch;
and
White
plays
is lost.
however, against 38
Kt B
Black
Q R
3,
and WTiite 39
QB
io8
with
39.
.Q R
38.
39.
6 ch
R(Kt2)-Kt
Q-R3
Q-B2
which still (Making a double attack on the Rook cannot be taken and preparing to defend the K R P.) If either the Rook or Bishop are taken White would
be mated in a few moves.
3940.
Q R6ch
K-R
1 "^
RXP!!
i m"^' ^1 m
i.
(If
40...R-R3;
Kt
2.
41
Kt-Kt
I,
QxKtP;
42
Q
away
Black therefore
tries to get
the Queen
way
41.
to carry
on the attack.
QXR
IN A SPECIMEN
(The best defence was 41
GAME
109
RX
BxB
;
(Again, not
R K R 3 42. Rx R
B, then, at
42
43.
because of
6 dis. ch.)
(If
42
QX
last,
RR
3 wins.)
Bx
Kt B
4
Q
7!
P K
tM.
:i
W4 ^
mm mm
^m
44.
R KKt
A
Q B 8
finish.
WTiite resigns.
very fine
CHAPTER V
End-Game Strategy
We
to the endings.
Their
my game
with
Janowski (Example
a
my
Ruy Lopez
in
53).
one of
normal variations,
which, of course, I
accepted.
in
Then
I
which
had
ous attack
vring of
made
possible
by the
excellent
manoeu-
my
adversary.
Finally, there
when
most
I
I could give
of the pieces,
and come
to
an ending
in
which
clearly
itself
and
finally
it
Had
my
previous
in vain.
Unfortunately, that
players
a failing from
free.
END-GAME STRATEGY
all
III
JNIorphy,
in
this
titles.
26.
attacking
first
on one
side, then,
granted greater
from one
through before
sufficient
somewhat
similar
manner.
Example
56.
112
played
I
2.
3.
R K2 R R2
R K ch R QRs P-KR4
5
is
The
to play
in order to fix
to the future.
Q Kt
3 to support his
free his
two weak
isolated
Rooks.
Black, therefore, makes a plan to shift the attack to the King's side at the proper time, in order to obtain
of
his
R-Qi
Rook
to
R(Q4)-QR4
Rook's square, keeping
R(Qi)-Ri
P-R5
6.
7.
K Q K B
K Kt R KKt4
2
side.
R KKt
8.
serious mistake,
which
loses quickly.
3,
White should
have played 8
answered
.
K Kt
5)
.R (R
PB
3,
and Black
6 for his would have obtained an opening at K King, which in the end might give him the victory.
Kt
R-KB5
FROM A DIFFERENT
Now
Kt
the King cannot go to
SIDE
because of
113
Kt
3,
4 ch.
9.
K Q3
K K
RXR
2
;
R B 6ch
followed
10.
If
PX
R,
by
R K R
8 winning,
10
RXRP
after a few
moves.
Example 57. Another good example, in which is shown the advantage of the greater mobiUty of the pieces in an ending, is the following from a game
Capablanca-Kupchick played at the Havana Masters
The
in the
full
score
and notes
of the
book
of the tournament.
Ml.
'
Mt
M.
'
M.
^^^
M.
if
m
k
is
that
file
him the
initiative.
Q R
P.
The
114
to bring
Rooks forward,
shift
them may
be able to
other,
freely.
What
this
;
means
really
in general theory
has been
stated already
it
means
to
defend Paums.
make
it
weaker, or create
can
get rid of
it,
make
else.
ness somewhere
From
thus
game continued
1.
R-K4
KR-Ki
of the
open
file,,
3.
4.
R-K3
R(Bi)-Ki
K-B
The move
is
justified at least
on
be
all
in the
He
hard
If4...P Q4; 5R
2,
Kt
KK
in
KB4; 5R
115
Rx
R?
4,
6PxR,RxP; 7K-B2,R-K2;
winning the
RQ R
Q R
tically leave
Queen's
side,
the
KK
KK
2
I
6.
R-QR4
is
R-QR
ma-
one shown
R-R5!
It practically fixes
Black's
Pawns except
the
P, which
is
the only
It specially pre-
KB
K B
4 and
forces Black to
P-QB4!
P-Q4 K-Q3
P, which would have left
If 8 ...
Black's
Pawns
isolated
and weak.
PQ
9
1 1
R-K
4,
K-Q
9.
3;
10
P-Q
Kt
4!
R-K
4;
K-Q 2
P-B4
Ii6
Rooks because
I.
of the threat
R R 3
but
in reaUty
leads to nothing.
The
best chance
was
to play
R-K K
Up
last
11. 12.
RxR
P-B4
PxR
to
now White had played with finesse, but this move is weak. R R 6 was the proper way to
Q R P
Q B
P. 12
13.
K-B
K-Q2
13
Agam
a bad move.
RR
.
tinuation,
and
15
if
then 13.
4,
.R-Kt
i;
14
P Kt
3,
K-Kt2;
won game.
P-Kt
K-R
i6R-QKt3,
fact, I
beheve, a
w w
13
'W
%^
K-Kt2
R - Kt
i
would have
FROM A DIFFERENT
14.
SIDE
I
117
15. 16.
17. 18.
R-KKt
R-Kt
2
K-R3 R-K
2
K-Kt
It
is,
He
P, and
however, use-
later
on gives him
20.
P-KR4 R-R
5
K-Bi
controlling the open
To prevent
file
the Black
Rook from
20
21.
22.
KQ
R-Kt
K-B 3
K-Kt
R-B 2 K-B
He must
R
2
6 via
Kt
4.
R-B3
K-Kt
24.
2526.
P-QR3 R-R3
The
text
He
for
move
one move.
27.
P-Kt
7,
R-B
3
;
The only
rould play
other
move was
or
R-Kt
KR 2 even P Kt
when
WTiite
5.
ii8
WM
?;.;
""f^i
(Bis.il
fc
ft
ft
1^
g55%5???
^ ^ sM M m
-f^
g^%??
^g;^^
^^^
^^
28.
P - Kt
In this ending, as
difficult
and requires
result
careful handling,
but once
his position
efforts
and the
nothing to be proud
7.
of.
The
right
move was
28.
29.
28
R Kt
RPxP
PxP
R-Kty K-Kt4
R-Bi! R-Rich
303132.
KxP
P-B6ch
PxP R-R7
K-Kti R-Kt7ch R-R7ch
33343536.
RxRP
K-R5
K-Kt4
last
3,
RXP
R-Kt
7
chance:
ch, forcing
119
would probably draw. The reader must bear in mind that my opponent was then a very young and inexperienced player, and consequently deserves a great
deal of credit for the fight he put up.
37.
R-K7
R Kt
chances.
ch; followed by
RxP R-K R
7,
offered better
38.
3940.
P-R6! K-Kt5
RX Pch R-Q8
R-KtSch
41.
R-B
8ch
K-K5 K-B6
R-K8ch P-R8 (Q)
R-Q8ch R-K8ch
R-KR8
K-R2
RxQ
K-Kt3
KxP
K-B4
Resigns.
it is
to
and how
often,
made and
opportunities are
is
shows that, so
long as there
with a good position, a player, no matter how strong, cannot afford to relax his attention even for one
move.
120
THE DANGER OF
27.
state-
between Mar-
and Kupchick
7^^^y//>
^^/yz^
^^^^^^
^^^^^
ffin
m^^,
;^..^
wM^^
^^
^^
WW^/
w^
^^
g_l^l_
It is evident that
difficulties
Marshall (White)
is
under great
is
in
Not only
he
bound
to lose a
Pawn, but
The
did.
No
game except
it
with a
became exceedingly
happened.
I.
how
it
P-Kt4
RXRP
A SAFE POSITION
The mistakes
begin.
i2i
This
is
the
first.
Black sees
Pawn
anything
R B 7 ch was the right move. If then K-Kt 3, R X P. If instead White played K- K 4, then R - K 4 ch followed by R X R P.
2.
R-Q
R-R
this
ch
the game.
was to play P B 4 in order to break up White's Pawns and at the same time make room for the Black
King, which
is
3.
R-Q4
(Kt
4)
R(R5)-R4
this
time
fatal.
His best
there
move was
is
4.
move
no defence.
Black's
game
From
practically
won
it
position
Black
game, and
three moves.
R - Kt 2 If4...P-B4; 5R-R8ch,K-Kt3; 6 R (B 8) Kt 8 ch, K - B 3 7 R X P ch, R - Kt 3 8 P - Kt 5 ch, K-K 2; 9 R (R 6) X R, Px R; 10 R-Kt 7 ch, K Ki; iiRxKtP, and wins easily.
4.
(Q
4)
-Q
5.
P-R4
R-R
8 ch
If
P-R4
Resigns.
6.
The reason
is
evident.
K Kt
Px P
ch,
122
R-R
8 ch,
K-Kt
3;
PR
28.
mate.
The reader has probably reaUsed by this time that endings of two Rooks and Pawns are very difficult, and that the same holds true for endings of one Rook and Pawns. Endings of two Rooks and Pawns are
in actual play
most common
sort
Yet though
and
They
Here
is
an example from
Example
59.
123
position
Marshall
had
6,
simple
wm
by
RB
PB
Had
drawn by playing
I.
R Q
3.
P-B6
7 ch.
R-Q3I
either (a)
:
Now
or {b)
PB
7,
RB
(a)
2.
We
have therefore
3.
P-B 7 R-R5ch
Or
R-Qi!
K-B5
sacrifice the
and White
will finally
have to
Rook
for
Black's Pawn.
(6)
2.
3.
R-B 7ch PB 7
K-Q5!
R Kt3 ch!
R KB3,R K7
K-B
R-Kt
R-KB3 K-B 6
have to
sacrifice
and White
for
If there
will
finally
the
Rook
would
in the
ending
it
not
be
of
Now
RQ
draw.
124
We
Now
(a)
there would be
either
R-Kt
(a)
3 ch, or (6)
R-K
3.
Let us examine
them.
I.
...:....
R-Kt3ch
2.
3.
K-B3 K-K3
R-B3ch R-K3ch
if if
R R 5 ch wins, because the King the Kmg goes up, then goes back, then R R 6, and R R 4 ch, followed by R K B 4 wins.
If
P_Kt
6;
4.
K-Q3
R-KB3
4 wins.
If
R-Q
3 ch;
5.
K-K
6.
K moves R R 5 ch R R 6 wins
R-Kt
7!
W
If
2.
;
R-B3 K-B 5
P - Kt 6 R - Kt 3, and White will either capture the Pawn or go to K B 3, and come out with a winning
ending.
3. 4.
5-
125
R-Kt3
capture the PawTi or play
and White
will either
KB
3,
to the position
shown on page
122,
and
iP B6, R Q3; 2R Bych, realise that K Q 5 was the only move consequently played K Kt 3 instead,
the following position
Now
1.P-B7
2.
R-Kt3ch
(best)
'
3.
K-B R-K
R-KB 3
K-B 4
P-Kt6
at
7!
(best)
K 6.
K-K2
126
Best.
If
K-B
5;
both
P-R
4 and
K-K
3 will
win
the last-named
move
particularly
would win
with ease.
5-
R-K3
R-QKt3
P-Kt
7 (best)
6.
7.
RxP
R-Q2
8.
9.
K-K3
^,^^
^^'...,....0
^....,.^^..
m.
^^^
^
.
i^
^,
^^
'^"
^^^,,
is
won by White,
is
two
files
besides, the
Pawn
can advance to
Rook can
begin
on the
file.
if,
This
last condition is
very im-
portant, because
Rook were
at
KR
i,
and Black
127
by playmg
R K B
Now
position
that
is
the reasons
why
this
the student to
work
The fact that out of one apparently simple ending we have been able to work out several most unusual and difficult endings should be sufficient to impress upon the student's mind the necessity of becoming well acquainted with all kinds of endings, and especially with endings of Rook and Pawns.
29.
to study the
games
of the
Rooks and
Pawns.
fortunate in ha\ing
is
generally
By
carefully
(Examples 56 and 57) \\ath the following, the student no doubt can obtain an idea
of the proper
method
The way
them.
of procedure
somewhat
similar in all of
Example
borg, in the
60.
From
New York
ment
of
I 9 10.
128
A DIFFICULT ENDING:
m^^m^^m.
It
is
Black played
policy.
criticised.
to
It
way
defend such
the
assume
the initiative
and keep
opponent
on
the defensive.
I
QR-Ki
The
move is already wrong. There is nothing to gain by this move. Black should play P Q R 4 to be followed by P Q R 5; unless White plays P - Q Kt 3. That would fix the Queen's side. After
first
make with
at bay.
his
Rooks
Rooks
2.
R-Q4
PB
3,
which Black
after
but
threatens
P Kt
followed,
129
against Black's
2
Q R
P.
R-B3
R-Kt
3
and Kt
7.
P - Kt
PXP
ch
2
4.
5.
PXP K-Q3
K-B
RK
2.
R Q R
force
awaken Black
this
to
R-K2
R-QR
He
3,
K-K,3
is
This
is
a mistake.
Black
unaware
of the
danger of
;
his position.
ening
RR
P Kt
against WTiite's
K R
now
develop.
R-R6
KQ
3,
R-QB 2
because
itself
He
PQ B
condemns
4 would
his last
win at
Pawn.
This in
move
K K
8.
3,
R (Q4)-QR4 P-KKt4
it
Now
forced, but
.
is
little
too late.
He
could not
play 8.
.K
RB
2,
because
KB
4 would have
I30
left his
A DIFFICULT ENDING:
game completely
paralysed.
tries to
Black now
finally
Of course, White
RXR
P, because of
RX
R, followed
by
RR
3,
recovering the
Pawn
with advantage.
5
9.
P-KR4!
in a
P-Kt
Black
played
is
now
If
he
9...PXP;
loRxP
in a
much with
10.
either
.
.
Rook.
He
practically
P Kt
if
4, threat-
not enough, he
finally
that were
be followed
by the entry
10.
King
at
or
5.
KK 2
^^j^
,.J^^^
,,
^m.,^
mmi,
ILl
131
P X P ch
PK R
4,
because
The advance
KB4 of his K R P
defend the
would make
his
WTiite's
^
K R
P
it
safe,
and consequently
2 to
KR Q R P.
would have to
retire to
KB
to go to
Q 2, because of
Pawns.
would play P Kt 4, threatening to win a Pawn by P Kt 5, or he might first play Q 4, and then
P Kt
5, if
there
Black meanwhile
could really
Compare this botthngup system with the ending in Example 57, and it
will
be seen that
11.
it is
very similar.
KxP
move
(B
3)-B
Probably
12. K K 2 P Kt wrong.
move.
The
12
text
drawing.
13.
P-Kt4
as he could
K-Q3 R-QKt 2
have followed
3.
it
P Kt
4,
up by
P-Kt
Not
5 after
Black's
K-Q
14.
P-R5
K B
If
good.
4 offered
winning by
force.
then
14...R Kt2;
132
A DIFFICULT ENDING;
;
I mm'-
i
25r^"5
i *
1^
^
1
^
14.
M M M
P-R3
last chance.
PB
2 ch!
5
;
would draw.
then 15
17
P XP,
(Kt
2) K
16K-B
i,
RxP;
15.
16.
17. 18.
19.
(R
2
6)
-R
(Kt
7)
Kt
would have
is
lost in
K-O3!
RxR
R-K2
RxR
^33
If2i...R-Kt8;22R-R6!
2, 5,
R-Q
White
8 ch;
25
RxP;
6,
will
win
22.
23.
24.
easily.
R-K Kt 2
R-Kt7 R-Kt 8
He
R-K3 R-K2
P-B
4
Black
his
is
desperate.
sees he can
no longer defend
Pawns.
25. 26.
R Kt
PX P
6 ch
ch
7
27. 2S.
R-Kt
ch
KxP
Resigns.
^M"
ft
^^ W^.
.
ft
^m ^P
mm Wm
^m
:,.,^..,
^^H
M^,"^
&
f^A
Black's
game has
Q B
P, which, to
make matters
worse, he cannot
134
A DIFFICULT ENDING:
P Q Kt
3,
P Q Kt
4.
It
is
on
White
side
He
Queen's
Pawns from advancing, and will then bring his own King to K 3. Then in due time he will play Kt 5, thus P-Q 4, and finaUy 5, or of Pawns and obtaining in that forcing an exchange
P-K
P-K
way a
clear passed
Pawn on
the King's
file.
It will
be seen that this plan was carried out during the course of the game, and that White obtained his winning
advantage
that way.
Pawn on
the
P-KKt4
P - K Kt
5
when
the time
comes.
I
P-QKt3
P-Q B
4,
2.
P-Kt4!
K-Kt2
side,
where the
K-B
P-QKt4
K-Kt
3
With the
followed
his
object of playing
and
P-Q R
file
4,
for
make a counter-demonstration
135
advance
this.
4.
P-QR4I
;
R-Q5
will
Of course
if
PX P
Black
have
all his
Pawns on
lost
Pawn by
playing either
Rook on the
Q R file.
5.
RQ
White
Kt
R K4
4,
He
still
wants to play
PQ B
will again
but as
it
is
easy
to foresee that
prevent
it,
the text
move
is
Black should
K-K3
P-R5
R-Q2
is
The
first
now accom-
phshed.
Pawns on
R-K3
R
Yet
would have
it
If
RXR
Kt P X
gi\'en WTiite
a very
powerful centre.
R(Q2)-K2
PxP
10.
RxP
i.s6
A DIFFICULT ENDING:
The second
obtained
part of White's
It
strategical plan
if
is
now
accomplished.
the advantage
is sufficient to win.
is
m a commanding position
QB
5,
of White's
Pawns,
necessary, to go to
in case of danger.
or
to
move
to the right
wing
file
Besides,
Al-
superior
and
his chances
10
11.
R-R3
R-Kt3
4.
R(R3)-K3
side
to prevent
PQ
Rook
in front of his
two King's
Pawns which he
may want
to utilise later.
12. 13.
P-R4
R-Kts
P-Kt3
P-R3
137
White threatens P R 5, which would finally force Black to take, and then White would double his
Rooks against
tie
the
isolated
it,
or
up Black's Rooks
better
completely.
text
move,
therefore
Black
had
wait.
than
not
to
hold
and
(Kt
RK
would
help
8,
simply answer
R-B
R-K
5)
R,
14. 15.
R-Kt4
R-Kt
16.
K-Bi
K-Kt
2
KQ
it.
since he
made
the
previous
consistent
and play
17.
P-K5
18. 19.
20.
P-Kt4 R(K3)-K2
21. 22.
X P
R-R5
2324. 25-
RxR
R-B 8 K-Q3
RxR
R-R5ch R-R6ch
138
v.
27.
28.
K-Q2 KtPxP
PQ
5
P-B4
R-QR6
Resigns.
The winning
have nierely
tied to the
Rooks
my own Rooks
It
for action.
This
is
means
in general
terms
Keep freedom
opponent.
of manoeuvre
while
hampering your
There
that
is
is
means
had
no plan at
30.
v.
ROOK,
We
it
shall
of
Rook, Bishop
used in the
is
same way as
Example
62.
From
the
first
game
of the Lasker-
139
_feai^i^
^i e
PSJ^
''^
In this position
the position
it
is
Black's move.
To a
beginner
may
It will
utilise it to
advantage.
The
most evident, and the one that most players would take, is to advance the Pawn to Q B 4 and Q B 5
immediately
at
in
and any other move that might be necessary with the Black Rook. The other, and more subtle,
3
course
his
Rook
the
Knight and
140
WTiite's
of
v.
Rook, while at the same time keeping freedom action for his own Rook and Bishop.
I
R-Kt
P Q Kt
3,
This forces
for the
White Knight.
2.
P-Kt3
Rook
King
R-Kt 4
Pawns
to that side to defend them,
bringing the
so as to force the
and thus
indirectly
P-B4
K-Kt
I
R-KR4
P-B4
of action
is
Kt
White's
own
Pawns
are in his
5.
way.
Kt-Q2
K-B
6.
R-B
ch
It merely drives
wants to go.
Consequently
PQ
3 at once
was the
best move.
6
7.
P-QR3
K-K2 R-R3
side,
in material
and
position.
P-KR4
R-R3
141
how
Rook
R-R
side.
B - Kt
whole King's
10.
K B2
answer
K K3
Kt B
3,
White
cannot
because
B x Kt
followed by
K K
the check at
II.
P-R4
K-Kt
I
12.
K-K4 R-KB3
I
13.
14.
R-K R-KB
P-Q6 K-Q5
all
\^ill
Now
soon be over.
15.
6.
RxR
K-B
2
PxR
P-B
3
finally
him
to
move
either the
17-
P-QR5
Kt-B
I
I
P-QR3
18.
19.
K-K
KxP
B-K7 K-K6
P-B 4 P-R4
20.
21.
22.
2324.
K-B6
KxP
142
P-B 5 P-B 6
K-B
P-B
The
quickest
2^. 29.
White should
4
resign.
Kt-Q6 P-Kt4
PxP
P-Kt6 K-Kt6 P-Kt7
how
to con-
30. 31.
32.
P-B
Kt-B4 Kt-K3
Resigns.
CHAPTER
Further Openings
31.
VI
Middle-Games
ant)
and
in
middle-game positions,
facts concerning
Pawn
positions which
games.
WB
i^iM
M
A
P
the position of the diagram
Example
side.
63.
In
we
and
Q B P
is
altogether backward,
of the
open
file
concentrate
U3
144
point.
is
There
is
also the
square at White's
QB
which
controlled
by White,
and from where a White piece once established could In order to get rid of it, Black not be dislodged.
would have to exchange
easy matter, and often
venient.
it,
which
is
not always an
all
when
possible not at
con-
P,
The same holds true with regard to Black's B P and K Kt P, which create what is called
a "hole" at Black's
be avoided.
KB
3.
Example
while
the
64.
In
this position
we might say
that
Pawns have
position.
in
the
French Defence.
attempts,
by means
KB
4 and
KB
5,
to obtain
is
gen-
on the King's
side.
To
prevent that,
ABOUT PAWNS
and
also to
145
assume the
P - Q B 4, followed by P X P (when White defends the Pawn by P Q B 3), and the concentrating of Black's pieces against the White Pawn at Q 4. This
in substance
It
must be
it
temembered that
book
was
stated that control of the centre was an essential co7idition to a successful attack against the
King.
In an abstract
Pawns
are
same rank
centre
K
is
4 and
rank
The
advance of either
the
Pawn
game
will follow.
is
We
Pawn
either vev}'
weak or very
and that
its
weakness
be considered, increases as
it
advances, and
is
at the
same time
number
of pieces
on the board.
it
might be generally
strength as the
Pawn
increases in
number
of pieces
on
146
Having
this clear in
mind we
will
now
revert
to the openings
and middle-game.
I
shall,
We
will analyse
games
carefully
general principles.
whenever
possible,
use
my
them thoroughly,
32.
That some
on some
and
often based
expounded
Example
65.
1.
2.
P-K4 Kt-KB3
B-Kt5
P-K4
Kt-QB3
3.
P-QR3
Kt-B
3
4.
5.
6.
7.
KtxP P-QKt4
8. 9.
PxP
P-B3
10.
R-Ki B-B 2
QKt-Q2
Kt-Kt3
0-0
Kt-K3
147
Ruy
Lopez.
Q-Q3
P-Kt3
of the Knights to
and we arrived
very similar
ing the
at
in the
following diagram.
way once
Lodz
in Poland.
was play-
White pieces
by
Sal we.)
'^/^/////,
,-
'/^-//M.',
'^or^
Q QB
win
we would have here the case of the backward B P, which will in no way be able to advance to
4.
Such a position
may
be said to be theoretically
lost,
and
it
in practice a first-class
(If I
master
will invariably
from Black.
may be
won
the
game above
the position
may
be easily thus
148
PM'^^^^ '"^^^
I
m
The Black
plays
B ,,, ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ wm.^wm.
i i
a
m
3,
^i m,
wM
If
2,
White
other-
Q QB
Q Q
Q R
Black
will
Q Kt
Thus Black
Pawns
finally
this:
Example
mAmkm^m ^ ^P ^P f il ^
i
&
a
%^/y/y/A
149
as follows
2
game might go on
P X
P,
X
2.
P;
to
.
2.
Q- KB
3,
Q- Q
White threatened
could not play
win a
.R
would
3.
5.
also
win a
Pawn
at least.
4.
R- Kt2,K- Ri
R
7.
(B
i)
- K Kt
R,
6.
QNow
R5,
RX
R;
2
RX
2,
RX R
3
8.
10.
K X R, QXQ, PX
Q-
Kt
Q;
ch;
II.
9.
K-R
4,
Q - Kt
P - Kt
R KB
i.
his
move
like
Q- K B
3,
threatening
K B P by some R X Q B P, and
Kt
3,
and when
to
.,.:
>
C^.
:
^
A
I
'^^^^^M^ mm ^ ^'^
^^
A
..M
ft
^W^
^m
^
150
R B
it
i,
and
QB
2,
and follow
up with
3,
and thus
P, which
careful
that,
examination of
besides
all
reveal
the
advantage of freedom of
of the
Pawn
free to
5 is
it
is
the
commanding
it is
position of this
fact that
advance, once
all
may become
possible
situation).
own mind
any given
may
arise (out of
Thus he
his
will learn to
make
strategical plans
and be on
derive
way
of this kind.
The
my game
against Blanco
by the
at White's
151
67.
Li
now
give a
national
Masters
Havana
Inter-
of
1913.
(Queen's
Gambit Declined.)
A. Kupchick.
1.
D. Janowski.
Black:
2.
P-Q4 P-QB4
Kt QB
B Kt5
3
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
to post a
4,
but as
The Knight
at
Kt
of his
own Q
B.
4,
is
The normal
to play
course
00,
followed
by P
more reasonable.
White
For a beautiful
in that variation,
illustration of
how
game
B-Q3
in its favour in this position,
B Kt
3 has
some points
Pawn immediately
8
9.
after 8
K
4
Kt Q
BxB, QxB.
Kt
10.
BxB Kt B3
QxB
152
Had White's Bishop been at Q Kt 3 he could now play P K 4 as indicated in the previous note, a move
which he cannot make
of
in the present position,
because
the
Kt
P,
Bishop should
PK
4.
0-0 R B
0-0 B Q2
I
m
B
..
^ ^
White
is
J ^^
m^WL
and now threatens to
;
perfectly developed,
:
Kt X Kt, Kt x Kt
PK
4,
by
RX
P.
12
P-QB3
The fact that Black is practically forced to make this move in order to avoid the loss of a Pawn is sufficient reason in itself to condemn the whole system
of
In
off
effect,
he plays
BQ
153
will ever
can be
White
will
two Knights at
Black
will
and
QB
5 respectively,
and that
weakening
game,
if
he can do
it
at
it
all.
From
all
these reasons
would probably
Black to play Kt
X Kt and
thus
get rid of one of the two White Knights before assuming such a defensive position.
less
the
number
of pieces
Kt
K4
5 for
KB
creates a hole at
will
done
it
before,
when
at least there
5.
14. 15.
Kt B 5 Kt K5
BK
The
at
might be said to be
ideal,
and a
single glance
The
question
how
see.
is
benefit
154
rr^
m. P
^1
;>
,^
15-
R Kt
in this
There
is
no object
move, unless
is
it is
to be fol-
owed by
Kt Q
i6.
17. 18.
2.
As that
as he does later.
R Ki Q-B3 Q Kt3
7
R-B3 R-R3 R B
I 4.
Kt B
19.
or
Kt Kt
3
PB
20. 21.
P QR3 P R3
RB 2 K Ri
Perhaps
these precautions are unnecessary, but White feels that he has more than enough time to
all
way
before he begins.
155
P-Kt4
PK Q B
4
2
P-B5
Kt K6
Kt B
3
;
He had
and
tried later
on to get
Kt Q
2.
fi
1
i
fii
^ H
4
*^.'
^4i
*
24.
RX
Kt
Rook
for a
with this
sacrifice of the
Knight and
Pav^Ti
position.
Qx
to
PX R Kt B
Kt Q
of good
was better
one of the
among them
;
the
;
following
Kt (B 5) X Kt, B X Kt Q X P, Q X Q Kt B 7 ch, K Kt 2 Kt X Q, and with two Pawns for the exchange, and the position so much in his favour,
;
in winning.
156
P K5 B B4
R Kt2 B B2
and
as
it
is
All these
easily
moves are
practically forced,
up Black's
position
more and
more.
Kt B 6
Kt Kt
32.
33.
If
P X P;
KB
34.
35. 36.
helpless.
P B 4 P KKt4 PxP
If
Kt K
PxP
Resigns.
There
is
nothing to be done.
2;
B Kt
Q R 2 ch,
K Kt
of the
B X
P.
notice that, apart from other
control
5
and
QB
5.
From now on
collection of
book
I shall give a
my
games both
lost
down
PART
II
PART
GAME
1.
II
White
F. J. Marshall.
1.
Black
J.
R. Capablanca.
Q4
2.
P-QB4
Kt-QB3
B Kt5
3.
4.
5.
P-K3
had played
played
tactics.
with good
still
results,
it
and although
lost this
I
game
game, when
changed
my
so often,
The
object
is
to exchange a couple
of pieces
full
and
once
at the
same time
of
possibilities
success
the
reached.
On
general principles
it
i6o
GAME
is
same Kjiight
although
it
moved
In
nearly
in
all
lies
Queen Bishop.
and
However, whether
safely played
is is
a question
to be decided,
I
it
may add
that at
present
my preference
it
is
for a different
system of devel-
opment, but
is
6.
7.
BxB B-Q3
QxB
we
shall
PX P
is
soon
see.
7
8.
Px
Kt
Kt X Kt Kt Q2
Now P X P
game.
PQ
qBxBP,
give Black's
For
game
9.
of the match.
Kt-B3
.
0-0
X P
5.
;
No
longer would 9.
.P
be good, because 11
B Kt
P Q Kt would prevent B Kt
10
B X
P,
3
2
on account
of
Kt
i6i
11.
12.
PXP Q Kt3
P QR4
move
PX P Kt B 3 PB 4
Yet
it
it is
Pawns on
this
doubtful
whether
good, since
in
leaves Black's
a way.
3.
The
safer
PB
Q-R3
P-QKt3
mm
PR
.
it.
If I
had
to play
.
R K
and
If,
nowadays I would simply play 13 Then after 14 Q X P, Q X Q would follow, believe that Black would regain the Pawn.
I.
instead.
B Kt
PR
00
B Kt 2 QB 2
I
KR Kt
Kt Q
l62
GAME
i......
1^ rj
#^^
As a
5.
BB
my mind
that this
was
threatened.
16.
.
best
.K
R Kt
17.
If that
would
lose as well.
BB
KR B
QXB B-B3 PxP QR Kt
From bad
to worse.
18. 19.
Kt B
BX
Kt P R6
20.
21.
PxP QxP
lost.
as good as another.
RxR
Kt-K5 P KB4 Qx R!
RxR
Q-B4 R Kt3
Resigns.
25.
163
Kt X B, R Kt 8 ch would have drawn. The text move is pretty and finishes quickly. A well-played game on Marshall's part.
25
GAME
2.
White
A. K. Rubinstein.
1.
Black
J.
R. Capablanca.
2.
3.
4.
5.
P-Q4 P QB 4 P-K3
KPxP
Kt-QB3
6.
B K3
in this variation.
Kt B
is
the normal
WTiite's
development was
elaborated later on
isolation
by Rubinstein.
aims at the
of
Black's
pieces are
text
gradually concentrated.
I
In
making the
to avoid the beaten track. Being a developing move there should be no objection to
it
move
was trying
in the
way
B Kt
8.
0-0
B-K2 R-B
I
164
GAME
The move in theory ought to be unsound, since Black's K Kt is yet undeveloped. I had not yet learned of Kt 5 and the exchange the attack founded on Kt Either Kt of the B at K 3. B 3 or P K R 3; K Kt 5, was right. to prevent either B or Kt
'ii./M,
^J
^ w/M
til i
WA
w%.
ii
W'^M
m^A
m^,
r.^^i
mm.
.,,,,,,,,,
i^H
9-
PXP
Kt KKt
5
BxP
Kt-B3 PX Kt Q K2
10. II.
KtxB
12. 13-
B-R3
B-Kt5
0-0
This
is
a mistake.
The right move was R Q i in Rook away from the line of the Bishop
same time
to support the
failed to
and
it
at the
P.
Inci-
dentally
take proper
Against
fine
combination
165
had
seen, but
which
thought
could
be
defeated.
14.
B X Kt
B, which
it
QXB
seemed would give
I considered
PX
me
let
him play
it,
to
my
lasting
:m
....^A
IB
15.
B^H P
Q-R3
X-
^i_^i^.
KtxP!
'
"y/////,'
.^-
^
^^
^^
fi
^/
<i^
^^i
*=
i66
i6.
GAME
K Kt2!
I
This
is
the
move which
mind
2,
I thought
2,
B Kt
(if
when
i,
had
in
R-B Kt Kt 5
;
KR
4,
(if
;
Kt R
19
change),
Kt X P
B X P ch wins X Kt, B X R ch 20
3,
the ex-
Kx
B,
P K Kt
this
It
is
curious that
It has been
taken for
did
17th
move
Q B
16
After White's last
QR Qi
move
there
was nothing
for
me
to
Q B
i!
PxKt
18.
19.
QXB
Q-Kt5
Q-Q7
Kt-Qs
20. 21.
22.
QxQ KR Ki
He
7
;
R X R ch, R X R K R K If then Kt B R- Q R-QBi,R-K7; K-B Kt- Q B K6ch, K Bi; BxP would win) R B 8 ch, K B 2; R B ch, R K 2; R B 5 wins.
i,
5 (if
;
167
RQ
KR-Ki
RXR
RXR
R-QKt3
R-K5
RX
P
RxP
Kt-B3 K B
I
27.
28.
B K6ch R B 5 ch
BB
7
29.
ch
K Ki K-Q2
30.
B-B4
30-
P-QR3
It loses
game will show, The proper way was to play it Q 3. If then R Q Kt 5, RxR; B x R, Kt Q 5; followed by P Q Kt 4; and WTiite would have an exceedingly difficult game to draw on
move.
In
fact, as the course of the
i68
GAME
and the awkward position
this is so.) 31.
2>^-
5 in
Pawn on
the Queen's
(See
side
of White's King.
how
R B 7 ch R X K Kt P
B Kt8
K B4
K-Kt3
gives Black
With
move B B 4 would have won with comparative ease, but the text move
a chance.
Even
is
38
P Kt6
it
RXP
White
would make
if
practically
all.
impossible
for
to win,
he can win at
169
39
BB
4,
40
42
is
R Kt PR
a win
5 ch,
K B
7
;
2;
5,
it
PR
is
43
B Kt 8, B X P, R X B, and
41
to
find
it,
R By; P R 6;
if
there
very
difficult
as
against
44
PR
6,
R R
3! offers
excellent
chances for a
draw.
39. 40.
If
Px
P B X Kt
7;
P R6 R X Kt P
40...P
R
8.
41
R Kt
ch,
K R
3;
42
R Kt
41.
42.
B-Q5 R R6ch
P-R7
Resigns.
As an end game, this is rather a sad exhibition for two masters. The redeeming feature of the game is
Rubinstein's fine combination in the middle game,
beginning with 14
B x
Kt.
White
D. Janowski.
I.
Black
J.
R. Capablanca.
3
2.
P-Q4 Kt-KB3
B-Kt5
Kt KB
34.
5-
P-K3
Kt-B3
6.
7.
8.
9-
B-Q3 Q K2 0-0 KR Q
Kt-B B-Kt5
I
170
GAME
last
3
to obtain full developis
At
ment.
Black
is
on
his
way
The
mainly
to throw
the
as
At the time White on game was played, the system of defence was not well known as the regular forms of the Queen's
resources.
own
Pawn
openings.
Whether
Its
it is
yet to be proved.
keeps
and that
it
The drawback
is
complete
development,
or
failing
that,
to
obtaui some
ID.
11. 12.
P KR3 PxP
Kt K4
B R4
PxP
mm,
^'^'^'^'i^B
IRREGULAR DEFENCE
12
171
Kt X Kt
I considered castling,
I
which
afraid
3,
was the
was
that by playmg 13
B X
Kt,
Px B
14
Kt Kt
Whether
all
right or
parts of
how one
will influence
BxB
B X Kt
KxB
B Kt
3
Not good.
been Kt
The
3, in
order to bring
at once
all
into play.
B x Kt
was
also good, as
would
and
at the
it
simplified the
game.
ele-
Here
seen
how
failure to
mentary
was no
fear
doubt influenced
of
in
my
choice of
moves by the
BB
5,
15.
16.
Q-B4 P QKt 4
B X B
Kt-K3
QB
2
17.
18.
Q K4
RPx B K B 3
172
GAME
^^^
&^f
Kf
19.
R-Q3
be followed by
P K R
Black's
4, to
P Kt
4,
might have
way
to carry
on the attack.
weak point
is
is
unquestionably the
Pawn
at
4,
which he
text
The
move aims
them
at
6,
sup-
ported by a
Pawn at Q B 5, P B 4, which would create a "hole" this by or by playing P Kt 3, which would tie the at Q 5 Black Queen to the defence of the Q B P as well as
Black could only stop
playing
;
the
Black, how-
ever, can
meet
all
this
by
For
this reason
PK
attack.
way
to carry on the
3,
IRREGULAR DEFENCE
make
Black's position secure.
173
P B4
left
RxR
Black with a perfectly
P
safe
Kt
would have
game.
22.
RxR
right
R Q
Pa\\Ti.
left
P
Black
Kt
was the
should come to
be an advantage.
23.
RxR
Ktx R
24.
KR4
soon be seen.
This wins a
Pa^\^l, as will
Black cannot
ch,
reply 24...Kt
because 25
PXP
Kt X P;
26
Q R 4
174
24
25. 26. 27.
GAME
Q X P ch Q Kt4ch Q Ktsch
PXP
28.
29.
QxP P-B5
P-K4!
K K 3 KB 3 K K3 Q Q3 Q-Q4
Q-Q8ch
PB
3
K R2
KtxP KtxQ
KtxP
Q Kt4ch! K K2 QXQ
Kt-K3
P-K5
PxP
Kt Q5
The game went on for a few more moves, and, there being no way to counteract the advance of
White's two passed Pawns, Black resigned.
GAME
4.
FRENCH DEFENCE
Petersburg, 1913)
:
(St.
WTiite
J.
3.
4.
P-Q4 P K4 Kt-QB3 B Kt 5
P-K3 P Q4 Kt-KB3 B Kt 5
It
aims
Instead
FRENCH DEFENCE
of defending, Black
175
on the Queen's
games.
5.
side.
PXP
game was played
but
I
At the time
this
the variation
was
in vogue,
the text
move
5
to be the stronger.
QxP
Px
P.
It
This
is
considered superior to
has for
its
away
side.
WTiite,
up Black's King's
is
side.
It
might be
down
up
of the
King^s side
lar occurrence
on
6.
7-
Bx
Kt
B X Kt
ch
PXB
Kt-B3
PxB
P-QKt3
is
8.
The plan
in
of
to post his
later on,
Kt's
file,
to
make a
White's King.
will Castle
It
is,
176
9-
GAME
10.
11. 12.
Q Q BK 2 P B4
2
B Kt
Kt Q2
Q KB4
An
in a similar position in a
game
Perm
as
Shipley,
is
of
Philadelphia.
My
idea
is
that
there
on the King's
side, it will
Two
possibihties
Firstly
If
side, as in this
game,
it is
:
of
an attack.
Secondly
side,
taking advantage of
the
awkward
In addition
move, White
Thus he gains
called,
several
which
will serve
him
to
develop
whatever
plan
he
may
wish
to
evolve.
12
13.
14.
Q K3
P-Kt3
000 KR Kt Q-QR4
fine
FRENCH DEFENCE
reply, but a careful examination will
177
R-Q3!
KR Q
K Kt Q-KB4
I
W/M
lU
fa i i Um
S
///^//i ^
^'-'
^Bi
'^////'X-,
17.
Kt
R4
it
puts the
forc-
Knight out
of the
;
way
for a
few moves.
But by
WTiite gains a ver}^ important move ing Q K Kt 4 B which not only consohdates his position, with P
4,
it
out of the
is
game
for the
moment.
far
of the
more important
17
18. 19.
pieces.
PB
Q K Kt 4 Q Kt 2
B-B3
178
In such positions
to get rid
it
GAME
is
and
Q B
of the Black Bishop controlling his Q R 3 "holes" for White's pieces. 3, which form
in such positions
is
The Bishop
19
20. 21.
KR Ki
B X B
KxB
White
To
and
self-evident that
White has a
23.
Kt Q2?
had considered
it
R Kt
3,
it
up because
FRENCH DEFENXE
way
of winning.
179
2Z
24.
PX P
Kt B 4 Kt Kt
3
Kt
4 or
Kt R
ch
26.
27.
If
Px
28
P
P,
Kt Kt3 KR I Kt Q4
i)
I
;
Q-Q4
Kt X
R Kt
R-Bi R (Kt B
29
Kt x
P would
win.
28.
P B 4
the right move.
I was,
Kt B 4 was
that the
however,
still
Pawn
would
later
on have at
6 would
way
in
which he conducted
I So
GAME
He
could easily have gone wrong any
defence.
num-
move
22
onwards he always
P-K4!
Q-Kti PxKt
P Q6
303132.
P-Q7
33-
K Kt
34.
Kt-Kt3
35.
RXP
is
The
here
true
it
position
last
most
interesting.
I believe I lost
if
my
that
is
would vindicate
4.
my
28, I played P B
what
I
4>
would happen
if
White plays
Q Q
4I
:
at once.
RXK R P
(of course
ifRxBP, P Q8
35
Q Q
wins)
FRENCH DEFENCE
I8l
I
36QXQP! R-Q
(if
;
i;
I,
37
Q-R6, K-Kt
I
;
best
Q Q 5 ch K R K Kt
QXB P
and WTiite
3536. 37-
R Q Kt
7
I
wins)
38
will at least
have a draw.
3^-
O-Q4 Q R4 Q-R6
R-K R-Q
Q-K5
K-Kt
I
There
since
is
4,
because
Q R
mates.
39.
40.
K-B Kt Q4
I
RxQP R K8ch
Resigns.
GAME
(St.
5.
RUY LOPEZ
Petersburg, 1914)
White
Dr. E. Lasker.
1.
Black
J.
R. Capablanca.
2.
P K4 Kt KB
B-Kt5 BxKt
this
P K4
3
Kt QB
3.
P-QR3
is
4.
The
a
object of
move
to bring
in
about speedily
middle-game
without
Queens,
which
WTiite
i82
GAME
superiority of
side,
while
is
Pawns on
fact that
one of Black's
Pawns
is
doubled.
On
6.
7.
P-Q4 QxP
KtxQ
is
Black's idea
to
reason
side to
is
on the weaker
Theoretically there
very
much
to be said in favour
would
notice that
if
now
all
the pieces
Pawn
won
ending.
8.
Kt
QB3
Kt
K2
In any other
K
and
to
2 is
Black Kt
in
some event3.
in
order
to
go
Kt
There
is
RUY LOPEZ
also the possibility of its going to
183
5 via
QB
3 after
P-QB4.
9.
10.
0-0 PB 4
weak
0-0
at the time,
This move
still.
I considered
and
do
It leaves the
P weak,
it
unless
it
advances to
5,
and
it
also
makes
4.
Kt by B Q B
10.
Best.
It threatens
BB
R K 4; B K
I
3,
It also prevents
II.
BK
3 because of 3
3,
Kt
Q 4 or B
Q
3,
Kt Q
4.
4.
Kt Kt
B3
followed
Preparatory to
P Q Kt
in
by P
and B
Kt
2 in
conjunction with
great
Kt
Kt
to
which
difficulties
meet the
P-B5
1 84
GAME
like
It
but I would
position again.
on
my
QKt3
B-B4
m
z^^
HI
mm mm
^iS^
Bg
W^
&
H^^^B
B Kt2
13-
Played against
of course
was
I,
right
move
4;
i;
the follow-
ing
15
variation:
R Q
i3...BxB;i4RxB, P B B Kt 2; 16 R B 2, Q R Q
19
it.
Kt x R,
But,
the
and he claims that White has the best of as Niemzovitch pointed out immediately
game, 16... Q
tion,
is
after
R Q
16...
Q RB
i!
then
White
will
have great
difficulty in
RUY LOPEZ
since there
is
185
Kt B
3, followed
by Kt
K
Kt
5,
4,
threatening
Kt
5.
And
Kt
then the
K
B
of
will
if
.Kt
threatening
Kt Kt
Black
3
and
If
Kt Q
draw.
5,
neither
White answers 20 Kt
In
Kt Q
.
5 for
will at least
fact,
after 19.
.Kt
Black threatens so
many
things
that
it is difficult
to see
how
loss of one or
more Pawns.
14. 15.
BX B
PXB
Kt-Q4
B Kt
13.
.
It is
move when
played 13
2,
otherwise I would
.B
B.
15
QR-Qi
yet far from
lost,
The game
lowed by
is
PQ
16.
on play P
4, fol-
4.
Kt
K6
R Q2
17.
QR-Qi
i86
GA^IE
'iJe^,,'/
now was on
by P
PB
4, to
be
followed
which
me
a draw, but suddenly I became ambitious and thought B i, that I could play the text move, i7...Kt
and
at
later
6,
still
on
sacrifice
winning a
weaker.
I
Pawn
KP
K Kt 4 as the circumstances
:
demanded.
18
Now
5,
let
us analyse
Kt; 19 PxB, careful analysis wall show that Black has nothing to Black's plan in this case would be to work his fear. Kt around to K 4, via Q B i, Q Kt 3, and Q B 5 or
Kt Q
Bx
P B 4. If P Q Kt 4; and a
1 7
. . .
2) P X P, B X P 20 Kt X B (best, since if R Q 2, B X Kt give Black the advantage), RxKt; 21 R X R, Kt X R; and there is no good reason why
19
2.
Again, 17...P
;
4; 18
R B
2,
-Q
4;
(B
Black should
17
18.
lose.
Kt Bi
R B 2
P-QKt4
19.
20.
21.
187
2
now played R X Kt; P X R ch, R X P as I intended to do when I went back w^ith the Knight to B i, I doubt ver>^ much if White would
have been able to win the game. have been extremely
22. 23.
difficult.
At
least
it
would
K B
24.
25. 26.
P Kt 4 R-Q3 P KR4
PX P
RR 2 P R3
P-QR4
PX
R
for a
P
2)
(R
K 2
It
Black, with a
move.
would
R R
5.
to threaten to
come out
Kt
and B
K B 3
KB
4
Wliite's last
R Kt P Kt 3
here.
Again bad.
the
since
He
should have
Kt
Black
now
this
P Kt
his
After missing
finishes
it all
the
game most
accurately,
i88
helpless with each
GAME
move.
further
my
if
irresolute character.
When
a plan
is
must be
carried out
at all possible.
Regard-
and 12th
his 28th
The
rest
of his
was
good,
probably
29.
R-Kt3
P Kt4ch
Kt Kt3
QR KRi
P-K5
Kt-K4
Kt(K6)-B5
36.
37.
KtxR
BxKt
R R7 R-Ri R RSch
Kt-B5
R B K Qi BB
I I
Resigns.
FRENCH DEFENCE
GAME
6.
189
FRENCH DEFENCE
White
O.
I.
Chajes.
Black
J.
R. Capablanca.
K4
2.
3-
P-Q4 Kt-QB3
B-Kt5
it
P-K3 P Q4 Kt KB3
B-Kt5
Black more chances to
4-
Of
this
all
best,
because
gives
P-K5
P X P
the best move, there
is
Though
I consider
much
of the vari-
P-KR3
B-Q2 PxB
Q-Kt4
P
6.
7.
Bx Kt Kt-Ks
KB
;
8.
The
alternative,
P K R 4
Q
3,
and
later,
on White's
Bishop by going to
Kt
P.
By
the text
move Black
up Castlmg,
and Queen's
side.
iQO
9.
GAME
B-B
Q R
3.
P-QB4
It
Threatening
threat of
last
BR
weakened
B-Q3
Kt K2
0-0
BxKt
13. 14.
QxP
i m m
W'.
'^^*
WiW^.
B 1 M ^, M_ ^
''^m
^ i -.HI. i ^^ i ^^^
#1
^^^
^SB
m.^ WiA
Pawn
'^/'/'/yy/M
won game
Pawn
to the good, he
threatens White's
K P,
FRENCH DEFENCE
fended, and this in turn will give
to post his
191
Knight at
4 via
When
the Black
Knight
is
posted at
2,
Q 4,
3 via
it
and
will
initiative,
of the
game.
To prevent Kt X P, or
ever,
is
R-Qi Kt K 2
;
still
better
by B
3.
strategically
wrong, since
White
any chance
it.
P-KKt3
PB
4
K Kt
P Q R
be
here,
B-K3
4, in
order to play
better posted
it
BR
3.
The
WTiite
B would
much
where
acts purely
BB
Kt K 2 Kt Q4
it is
no way
Behind
it
won
Black strategically.
192
19.
GAME
R Q3
Kt-Q4
B Q2
20.
21.
22. 23.
R Kt3 P KR4
P-R5
K
2
QR QB K R2 KR Kt
Q-Kt5
Also to prevent
B
all
i.
R Kt
i.
In reaUty nearly
amounts
to nothing.
Probably
these considerations,
it
up with and played Q R 5 now, in order to follow pB as he did later, but under less favourable
4,
circumstances.
24.
R-R3
24.
p B4
QB
i
Not
would have avoided everything, but Black wants assume the initiative at once and plunges into comto
FRENCH DEFENCE
plications.
is
193
However, as
will
move
PXP
e.p.
Kt X P (B
3)
PxPch
RxP
^,
^M
i
y/y^/yyii.
1
liW
27.
M^m '"" ^
m
^^'
i^j
?r i*^ ^^
RxP ch
KxR
Kt B 5ch
Px
Kt
29.
QxQ
^ w ^
^^
ft
l^g
194
GAME
position looks
6
I thought
it
The
most
interesting.
make
it
impossible for
him
to
it
hold out
much
longer, but I
forcing
followed a
play-
move by
Q R K Kt R Q I. I am
ing
to play
BB
P Kt
4;
3,
K R
it
R K R i
and follow
up with
K Kt
threatening mate, or
to
some
other
move
according
circumstances.
first
In some
be better
will
to play
least
K Kt 5),
him a
this posi-
or
Kt K
that
It
it
5,
which
be
at
give
draw.
tion
all.
There are so
many
possibilities in
would
be
impossible
to
give
them
to
will
worth
the
reader's
time
go
29
QR KKt
B
3
As stated B
30. 31.
P-Kt3
B-B3
R Qi
K R4
is
The
to go to
8,
Kt
it
KR
but
in
is
now
FRENCH DEFENCE
time to prevent the mancEuvre.
195
move,
have played Kt
5;
least.
It is
now
White who has the upper hand, and Black who has
to fight for a draw.
32.
R Q6
still
B
had
to
K5
probably
Kt
was
QxBP RxR
R, Kt
Kt-Q4
KxR
better.
Kt X Q
RX
35. 36.
3738.
X P was no
3940.
Q--K5 p--B4 Q--Kt 2 B--Q4 Q--Kt5 K--B 2 Q--Kt6 K--K I Q--Q6 P--Kt 4 P--KB5 K--Q2 P--B6 Q--K6ch B--K3
K--B 2 R--Ki
Kt--B3
R--KRi R--R8ch P--R3 R--R 7ch Kt--Q2 B--B3 Px P R--R8ch K--K I R--R2 K--B I
B--R6ch
R- B 2 K--Kt
196
GAME
why
I
Most
did,
I
The reason
is
that while
for the fol-
knew
the
game
to be lost, I
was hoping
it
is
by no means
see
easy.
If
it, let
and
opponent,
51
who decided
7,
to take
B Kt
and
finally
won
as
shown below.
B Kt
2
K K2 K B
Q-Kt4
K Kt P R4
Q-R3
P Kt6 P Kt 7 Kt B Kt Q2 P R4 BxP
I
RxP
KtxB
BxR
QxPch
K B
60.
QxP
few more moves Black resigned. game on Chajes' part from move 25
and
after a very
very
fine
RUY LOPEZ
GAME
RUY LOPEZ
197
7.
White
J.
R. Capablanca.
1.
Black
A.
Bum-
K4
3
2.
Kt KB
P K4 Kt QB
3. 4.
5.
B-Kt5 B R4
P-QR3 Kt B 3
my
ignorance
P-Q3
This
is
much
P B3
is
P-Q3 B K2
the alternative of developing
Bishop via Kt
7.
2,
after
2
P K Kt
3.
QKt Q
00
P QKt4
8. 9.
10. 11.
B BB Q K
Kt
2
2
P Q4
Px
P
4
Px
B QB
2,
but
this stage.
It
develops
BB
5,
B Kt
B K3
198
GAME
it is
Now
QB
is
out,
K
B.
3 to defend
the square
QB
4,
Kt K3
R Ki Q K2
good.
This
is
bad.
Black's
He
probably had
Wm
^m
mi
m
^^^
^P
^P '^ ^P
15.
16.
Kt Qs
BxKt
Kt Kti
to support the other Knight
PxB
it
in order to bring
to
2,
and
Pawn.
able
P-QR4
way
it
P-Kt5
Pawn,
Since he had no
Q Kt Q
2,
in border to
RUY LOPEZ
The
text
199
leaves
Black's
move not only loses a Pawn, but game very much weakened.
18.
19.
PX P B X Kt
B X P QXB
20. 21.
Q-K4
QxPch
P"^
B-Q3 KB
S
'^^^-mk
With a Pa\vn more and all his pieces ready for while Black is still backward in development,
remains for White to drive
action^
it
only
home
his
advantage before
K R
file,
by
his next
22.
move
Kt
R4
forced
Q-R3
Black
P,
This
is
practically
could
not
play
P Kt
3 because of
BX
threatened
Q R
S ch followed
ch and
QxP.
200
23. 24.
25.
26.
LrAMJn. 7
QxQ
Kt-B5
PxQ P-KR4
Kt-Q 2 Kt-B3 KtxP Kt-B5
B-Qi
BXP
27.
B-K2
28.
29.
KR Q
BB
4
KR Qi
P R4
30.
P-R4
P-KKt3
B X Kt
Black must
lose
31.
Kt-K3
32.
3334.
PXB
Kt-K3 Kt-B4
KR Kt K K2
He
is
Black
isolated
and have
35.
to be defended
I
by
pieces.
2
QR B
X
I
RR
White threatened Kt
36. 37. 38.
If
B, followed by
R B
ch.
R K R-K4
P-Kt4
Kt X B
K B X
R-Kt5
R-R3
would win a piece
RXR
of course
39. 40.
R-B3 R B 3 ch
P-Kt3
41. 42.
K Kt2
CENTRE GAME
43-
201
P-Kt5
R-R3
Rx
Kt
4445.
46.
P-Rs PxR
P-Kt6
R-B3
Resigns.
GAMES. CENTRE
(Berlin, 1913)
GAIVIE
White
J.
Mieses.
Black
J.
R. Capablanca.
1.
2.
3.
P K4 P Q4 QXP
P K4
Px
P
4.
5.
Q-K3
Kt-QB3
BQ
2
6.
7.
000
R K
PQ
t,
B.
My
P
to
idea
was
it,
win
at
compensate whatever
might have.
slight
advantage of
think,
is
position WTiite
The
plan, I
quite feasible,
my
subsequent
difficulties
being due
8.
Q Kt 3
Kt X Kt
9.
Ktx P R X Kt
4
10.
KB
202
GAME
1.
l#P^
Wf^
4'^
1
B ^
^
^i^^^^:^^^^
^.
^mm ^^^
''^Mm.l. '/W'^
10
Q-B3
Pawn was merely with
Black
for his
PQ
opening the
11
way
B Q3,
With the
R Ki;
text
move
book.
II.
If
Kt
3
;
R3
and White's Bishop would be
B X
at
P,
PQ
completely shut
if
off,
extricated,
all,
with serious
of
position.
The
text
move aims
P-Q3
it
This
now
is
also
by B x Kt.
CENTRE GAME
12.
203
B-Q3
perfectly safe.
Kt-Q5
R K
i
B-K3
WM^jg^'frnm,
i
^^^
tvLfJ
.^^
mm
mm.
13
B-Kt5
The
position
This
is
a serious mistake.
was most
interesting,
and though
in
The right move would have been 13. .R Kt 5, when we would have 14 B X Kt, RXB; 15P QB3,BxP; 16 P x B, K Kt 5
Black, not so in reality.
.
R-
17
Q K
PX
Q,
(best),
19
RX
the White
14.
Pawns
are isolated.
5!
Kt Kt
Rx
better.
QXB!
Kt
ch
204
GAME
iBi
m
1
BxKt! Kt K4!
RxB
RxKt
QxR P KB4 P B3
Q Kt 4ch
Q-Kt4
B B4
21. 22.
KR Ki
R-Q5
Q-B3
QXQ
tage,
feared the difficulties of an ending where, while having the exchange, he would be a Pawn minus. He preferred to keep the
the attack.
At
first
and even
after
careful
thought, there seems to be no objection to his plan From this point but in truth such is not the case.
the
game
will gradually
improve
in
Black's
is lost.
favour
until,
CENTRE GAME
22
23-
205
P-B5
R Q2
24.
mm
i
WM
^1? i
My
I
shall
moment
is
very simple.
It ^ill
3.
consist in bringing
my
Bishop around to
Then
try to paralyse
my
is
King
from
safe
side
White
from attack
I shall begin to
my ad\^ance my
Once
;
King
Queen's
and that
even
my
3, will
at least assure
me an
chance of success.
2526. 27.
Q-B3
B
2
K2
QR K
28.
2o6
GAME
To prevent P K R 4, which I would answer with P K Kt 3, winning the Queen. It can now be
considered that
will
my
King
is
safe
from attack.
White
3,
and Black
29.
30.
K Kt R Q
R Qi PB 4
They
Q-R3
at
Q-R5
moment, on account
in the
3 for the
of
K Kt P.
Besides, the
Queen must be
middle
of the fray
now
home.
material,
everything at his
command
32.
in order to succeed.
R(K2)-Q2
5
;
Q-K5ch P-QKt4
which would open the
line
34.
Q-Kt2
Q QXR
ch.
Q-R5
P, which White cannot
take on account of
CENTRE GAME
35.
207
K-Kt
P-Kt5
force as
it is
gradually brought
the King.
The
position
now
It
is
difficult.
doubtful
there
is
best play.
The
variations are
numerous and
difficult.
36.
PXP
White cannot very
QxP
well play
37
RxP
5
because of
RxR;
38
now x R, B x P
passed
Pawn
37.
ahead.
38. 39.
40. 41.
P-QR3 RxP
R(Ql)_Q2
Q Kt3
Q-R5! R-QKti
P-B5
R Kt6
Q-Q6
208
GAME
mm
^
i
s
^jp
^
VA
^
63
,
,'
;'
A ^^^
^^^
^^^
^^
^^i
^^P
^M
P B6
^;.-^
41.
B X P would
game
it is
also
is
altogether gone.
move
move
that will
make
4344.
R QB R-Q3 R-Qi
Resigns.
PxP
Q-K5I R QB6
Q Q
2,
RX
P.
209
GAME
9.
White:
J.
R. Capablanca.
Black: R. Teichmann.
I.
P-Q4
Kt
-^K
2. 345-
P-B4
B-Kt5 Kt-B3
6.
7.
8. 9-
P-K3 R B PxP
I
B-Kt5
my
own,
I played
it
An
invention of
of the
on the spur
or to
moment simply
6, after
Q R
it
3,
The
text
move
is
in the
it
no principle
9-
cannot be bad.
B Kt
10.
II.
12.
13-
KtxP
If
PX P
one of
and WTiite would play to win Black's centre Pawns. The drawback to the
;
210
text
GAME
move
is
that
it
leaves Black's
QP
isolated,
and
KR Q
would
5;
Ktx B
been
The
15
alternative
2,
have
16
14...P
4,
BB
P Kt
Kt
Q R
Kt4; Kt (B 4)
15.
Kt X Kt
16.
17.
RXR
P Kt QXR
Kt-B3
Q-B5
this
at
Kt
2 is inactive
by any means,
Queen's
up the
isolated
Pawn which
18.
Kt
Q4
4,
Not, of course,
RB R-B
R Q
because of
Q X Q; Kt X
Q,
to prevent
7.
QxQ
Kt(B3)xQ!
the
Knights' moves.
They
there.
are
manoeuvred
4 or ready to go
file,
Now
19
and therefore
move.
I
R B
211
may
be said to be
the defence
is
lost.
If
the
game
is
not altogether
difficult
lost,
at least
of the
most
kind;
indeed, I
must confess
next move.
KB I Kt B 5! If2o...B Qi; 21 Kt Q6,R B 2; 22 Kt X B, R X Kt; 23 Bx Kt, B X B; 24 R X P, R B 2; 25 R Q 2, and White is a Pawn ahead. If 20. .B
20.
.
moves anywhere
else,
then
B X
Kt, doubling
the
KB
P and
Pawns.
Kt X B Kt Q4
KX
Kt Kt 3
Kt
This
is
by
5 ch.
is
pinned in
such a
giving
way
up the
K R
or
file
212
GAME
sieze
it.
would immediately
23.
P-B3I
23-
R3
else except mark time with Rook along the open file, since as soon as he moved his away White would take it. White, on the other
KB2,KKt3, KB4,
up a Pawn,
24.
25.
Knight.
B X P
P K R4 BB 4
Kt Q
26.
Kt B 4 Kt K3
273
him
draw.
27.
Kt X Kt
KX
Kt
27.
P X Kt would be
5.
R Q2
R KRi
B Kt3.
of
P KKt3
5
;
would
on
account
Q
4.
which
would
The
it
text
move
is,
soon be seen.
was
and
to play
P Kt
3.
and follow
and B R
White meanwhile
R 4 Kt 4 could play P
up with P
5,
R QB 2!
RXR
R QB
B X
30.
White has an
easily -won
game.
2l4
31.
GAME
K B
^ ^ ____
i m\.^,
31
Practically forced.
P-Qs
Otherwise the White King would
to
march up
this
to
4 and then
If
by putting
his
King at
QB
3 then the
and win
just as easily.
32.
33-
PxP
It is
K-K3 K-Q3 34. 35- P-QR3 5 36. K-K3 37. B-R6 better not to hurry P K Kt 4 because of P B 4
White could win
in
for although
case, it
would
take longer.
Now
by going
in through
215
Kt
7,
where
it
P, but indi-
Q Kt
37
38.
K-Q4
B Kt
7
Resigns.
to have reaHsed
by
this
time
P.
Once he obtained
and obtained,
tion
terial
into the
ma-
in
Then by accurate playing the ending he gradually forced home his advantage.
advantage of a Pawn.
finest players in the world.
one of the
GAME
10.
PETROFF DEFENCE
(St.
Petersburg, 1914)
White:
J.
R. Capablanca.
1.
Black:
F. J. Marshall.
2. 3.
P K4 Kt KB
KtxP Kt K B
P K4 Kt KB P-Q3
Kt X P
4.
5.
6.
7.
Q K P Q3
Q K Kt KB
2
B-Kts
2l6
GAME
lo
fine
move.
The
will
point
that should
be a
will
move behind
get a
cramped game
7
B-K3
it
in
preference to
QX Q
ch.
8.
Kt B
9.
BxKt
B-Q3!
10.
11.
P Q4 Q Kt 5 ch Kt Q2
KR3 QxB B K2
12.
It is
now time
On
White's side
we
find the
in a
somewhat odd
true,
PETROFF DEFENCE
White
is
217
is
also ready to
Castle.
White's position
manoeuvre.
On
first
thing
we
notice
is
that
advantage
danger
to
it
go
to.
The Bishop
at
2 its
on the King's
side be-
cause
QxP,
R Kti; Q K4
Nor can he
threatening mate,
wins a Pawn.
because
nor
5.
is
White's favour.
12
P Kt
for his
To make room Kt 5.
13.
P-KR3
in
initiative.
0-0
free his
giving
up a Pawn
an attempt to
It was difficult for move, as White threatened Kt K 4, and should Black go with the Queen to Kt 2, then P Q 5, B
game him to
4;
Kt X P
ch, followed
by B X B.
2l8
14. 15.
GAME
lo
QxP Q-K4
P - Q Kt
3
QR-Kt Q Kt 2
16.
P-QB4
Knight to
The
plan,
however,
as
it
always must
is
development
00 Kt Q5!
PxP
Black
and, as
lose
now have no concerted action of his pieces, his Pawns are all weak, he will sooner or later
them.
Si
hW|
^gi(
MAB
m
^Wi
w/ M
18
19. 20.
i^
^A\^
mm. &
/.
ft
m WA WJ^B
B Qi
BB
Kt-B4
QxP
QxQ
PETROFF DEFENCE
The
fact that he has to
219
is
that Black's
game
is lost.
Kt X
B X Kt
22. 23.
B X B
B-B3
Bx
Kt
But now the
threatening.
is
QR-Qi
one in which the Bishop stronger than the Knight; which makes Black's
further
and
it is
only because of
value as a study
have given
it.
it
on account
rest of the
of
move The
moves
24. 2526. 27.
28.
RxB B-B4 R Ki P B4
PX Pch
K-Kt2 R-Kt3
K-B3
Kt-K3
PxP
29.
30-
3132. 3334.
35-
K K2 R KKt R-B3
R B4
KR-QB
PxB
I
PxP
Bx
Kt
RxR
36.
37-
220
38.
GAME
39.
lo
40. 41.
42. 4344. 45.
K Kt 2 R Q4 R B ch KxP R Q8ch RXP P-Q4 K-R2 R-QB8 P_R5 R-QR8 R-B P-QKt4 R-R5
P R4 R B 6
7
P-B3
R B 6
RXP R QR3 P R6
P-Q5 PxP
RX
51.
52.
R-R5 P Kt4
K-Kt3
53. 54.
55.
K B 4 K-K5
P Kt 5 P Kt6
56. 57.
58.
59.
KxP
P Kt 7 PR 7
K B
5
60.
Kt P Kt 2
61.
Resigns.
RUY LOPEZ
GAME
11.
221
RUY LOPEZ
White:
J.
R. Capablanca.
I.
Black: D. Janowski,
2.
P K4 Kt-KB3
B-Kt5
B X Kt
P-K4
Kt-QB3
34.
5-
P-QR3 QPXB
having discussed
it
Kt-B3
move
after
played
this
with
it,
Alechin considered
4,
PQ
which
is
generally-
played.
He
played
it
lost
B-QB4
probably the best move in this position.
PB
I
is
do not
move.
P Q3 B K3
B
for
KKt5
BxB
White, and also reinforces
KB
file
PxB 0-0
Q K2
0-0-0
222
10.
GAME Q Ki
M;??<:^ fflSa
II
Kt R3
^g
is
to advance his
If
it.
he plays
If
Q Kt P P Q Kt 4
first
he plays
Q R 3 and then P Q Kt 4, he will still have to protect his Q Kt P before he can go on and play P Q R 4
and
P Kt
5.
As a matter
of fact
White played a
cir-
it
he could at
4 and
once play
PQ
11. 12. 13.
Kt
4 and then
PQ R
Kt
5.
R Kt i! P Kt 4 P QR4
P B3 Kt B 2 B X Kt
which
He
will
have to be conducted practically with only the heavy pieces on the board. He may have also done
it
in order to play
Kt Kt
4 and
3.
RUY LOPEZ
14.
223
RXB
possi-
P-QKt3
up
He
of
is
his
The only
4
;
alternative
Kt
looks bad.
1516. 1718.
P-Kt5
PxP
Kt-Q5
P-B4
t.
......
The White
hind
it
Elnight
is
now
WTiite will
be able
prepare
to drive
an attack,
which
will
begin with
PQ
away the
play
free to
5.
There
is
24
to prevent Black
GAME
from
II
is
sacrificing the
Rook
for the
Kt Kt4
R--B 2 Q--B3
his 19th
2,
Kt-K3
R Q2
move played
Had White on
stead
of
K RB
in-
RB
by Kt
21.
Black
RX
Kt
now K P X R, Q X P ch
followed
R Q
K Kt
for
It
Black to play
K Q
i.
The
move
22. 2324.
25-
Q-Q3 PxP
Kt-B5
Kt X Kt
26.
27.
QxQP K Kt
QXP
28.
29.
PxR
P-Q5 P Q6 Q-B 6
(Q
I
2)
R K
PxP
3031-
Resigns.
FRENCH DEFENCE
GAME
12.
225
FRENCH DEFENCE
191 8)
(New York,
White:
J.
R. Capablanca.
1.
Black:
O. Chajes.
2. 3.
4.
P K3 P-Q4 Kt KB
Not
cannot be bad.
PX P
is
KtxP
Kt X Kt ch
6.
7.
QKt Q2 Ktx Kt
B K2
Kt-B3
I'm
I
:!,
i
g<^
'M...Jm.
y^.
^^^^'wm^'mm^-
226
8.
GAME
12
Q K
is
This
is
played to prevent
2,
P Q Kt
If
3,
followed
by
B Kt
for
which
Black
3
;
in this variation.
P
and
Q Kt
B Kt
8
9.
5 ch,
BQ
10
Kt K
B-KKt 5
3 because
B X
Kt, followed by
10. 11.
Q K
B X Kt
Q K4
P KR4
BX B P KKt3
side.
R K
was
m
%///M.
12
p K4
Pawn
in order to
This
is
merely giving up a
come
B.
But
FRENCH DEFE^XE
any compensation
for his
227
is
bad.
He
the
Q Q
game out
13
that way.
thus:
15
advantage
of
position
for
White.
The
text
move
suicide.
Px
000
Rx
B
Q KB 4
BB 4 B x B B Kt 2
QK
Q-B4
QR-Qi
KR Q
K
6.
to play
RK
i,
threatening
P
18
19.
Rx R Rx R P B 3
BxP;
Kt x
R K
B,
20.
P QB 3
Q X Kt
;
Of course
if
R K
3.
Black with a
21.
Pawm minus
fights
very hard.
R K3
to
move, because
after
228
GAME
3,
12
R K
Black could
21
22. 23.
now
play
Q Kt
defending
the Rook.
K B P-R4
now
is
P-QB4 P Kt3
on the other
side,
White's plan
where
Q-Q2 Q B Q-K3
I
K B
K-Kti
for
White
to
show how
KB
Pawn
at
5.
FRENCH DEFENCE
28.
29.
229
P-QKt3
303132.
33-
34.
li.
Black
that
to
if
He
sees
PK
5,
P, the
Queen goes
difficulties.
6,
and White
will
to bring his
King
and
to
K
Kt
Kt
4,
3,
so as to defend the
squares
KR
K K
KB
2
I
36.
37. 38.
K-Kt2 K-Kt3
K Kt K B K Kt K B
>30
GAME
is
12
Now
White
ready to advance.
J i
39.
KR
'Px P
39...P
K Kt
40.
4 would be answered by
Q B
5,
PxP
i
;
Q K2
White would play
Against
K Kt
Q Kt
4,
practically
forcing
the
exchange
of
Queens,
after
Httle trouble in
winning the
much damage
Q B
i
K Kt
R Q
6 ch.
RQ
7.
His best
King or play Kt
4,
threaten-
ing
Kt Kt
42.
R Q7
BxPch
FRENCH DEFENCE
hopeless.
43.
231
K-Kt4
Ktx B K B4
44.
45-
Q-B3 Q Kt 2ch
Resigns.
centres mainly on the
The
an instance of the
Queens
King becoming a
are
still
on the board.
GAME
13.
RUY LOPEZ
191 8)
J.
(New York,
White:
J. S.
Morrison.
Black:
R. Capablanca.
1.
2.
P K4 Kt KB3
B-Kt5
Kt B 3 P-Q4
3. 4.
5.
6.
KtxP
KB
via
opment
of the
Kt
at
im-
portance.
The Bishop
Kt
once
it
is
Castled,
is
232
GAME
say, exerts its
13
we might
maximum
strength
(Compare
7.
8.
Kt B3 B Kt 5
B Kt2
Kt B
2;
Of course not
K Kt K
;
because of
Kt Q
5.
The alternative would have been P B 3; to be but m this position it is followed by K Kt K 2 preferable to have the Kt at K B 3.
9.
10.
Q-Q2 B KR4
judgment.
it
P-KR3
White wants to keep the
to prevent
An
error
of
BK B
4 would
have done
this.
10
11.
00
0-0-0
inlose,
throwing safety to
at
Kt 2 becomes a very powerful attacking piece. The strategical disposition of the Black pieces is now far superior to White's, therefore it will be Black who mil take the
The Black Bishop
offensive.
II
12.
R Ki
KR Ki
RUY LOPEZ
i^<
233
m
to defend his
'J^'.
cr-3
fB
Q R
on the open
file,
and
Rook
to the centre
by
P K
Now
Kt
4,
followed by
Kt X
P.
12
P Kt 4!
K R
is
that the
in the centre,
shift
B Kt
Kt
KR
P
Kt,
5,
X B
PX
Kt X P
etc.,
winning a Pawn.
14.
Kt-Q5
to
P-R3
freely.
and be able
manoeuvre
234
15.
GAME
13
B-Q3
B-K3
PB
iJiii
M H
i
With the
of Black's
last
at
his
Q Kt
and
Queen at
QB
7.
2,
P, to check at
16
KR
P B4!
is
Initiating
no
reply,
and
which has
of the
winnmg
White
Q B
or cutting
it
off
(Compare
this
game with
the
Winter-Capablanca
game
at Hastings.)
17.
P KR4
now out
PB
The Bishop
is
of action.
White naturally
RUY LOPEZ
judgment, even
offers tiie Bishop.
235
s
k I
*?i
m mi
yy/Ziioi
'PP
i^^
'?
^^^
<M
i8.
Px
P!
PXP!
if
not actually
move
which
is
20.
R R K Kt
I
I
BB
Since he would
have to
retire his
it
Bishop to
sooner or later, he
It is doubtful,
it
immediately.
how-
game
would be possible
White
game.
20
21.
Kt K
Kt X Kt
to decide
R X Kt
which way to retake.
1
It
was
difficult
236
took with the
GAME
Rook
13
in order to
have
it
prepared for
BR
Kt-B3
strongly posted
Now
5,
2.
It
may
Q5
is
23.
P KKt 3
have play
for his Bishop,
White
The
alternative
23
Kt X Kt
ch,
QX
ening
R R 4, and also Q K 3.
Black's drawback in
is
notice that
that he
is
R.
It
makes
it
out longer.
RUY LOPEZ
23-
237
KtxP
24.
25-
Bx
Kt
RxB
PxP
*
K
P-B3
26.
Kt
K3
attack.
I leave it to the
Kt Kt
space.
Q R4
P-B4
RXQ
Kt Kt 4
28. 29.
QxQ PxP
B Kt
3
w^ll
be
mating
net.
30.
K Ri
Q R
QR Ki
game and soon
Now
at last the
is
the battle
over.
31If
P-R3
8 ch;
RxP,
R K
R Q
i,
(K
i)
7.
23S
-21
GAME
32. 33.
34.
14
R K8ch
RxR K-R2
K-Kt3
to finish the
RxRch
B-B 2 P-Q4
game.
the quickest
way
35. 36.
BX P
PX Pch
P B6
K Kt4
PxP P-B4
37.
38.
R-K5ch RX P ch
39.
40.
41.
RXB K R2 B-K 3
Resigns.
GAME
White
F.
14.
(New York,
:
191 8)
:
J.
I. 2.
Marshall.
Black
J.
R. Capablanca.
34.
5-
P-Q4 Kt KB 3 PB 4
Kt-B3 B-Kt5
6.
7-
P-K3 RB
I
This
is
had played
before in this
Tournament against Kostic, and no doubt Marshall At times I change my defences, expected it.
239
systems of defence
if
during a Tournament,
me
good
results,
8. 9-
generally play
all
the time.
10.
II. 12.
PxP
Kt-Q4
QxB
KtxKt
P-QKt3
Having
ex-
This
is
simplified the
the
weakness.
Q B
is
14.
KR K
wM
P K4
B Kt
I
KR Qi
^;5^
isr?
* mm
^^
^.
m
The developing
on both
sides.
.JA
stage can
game
begins.
WTiite, as
240
obtained the centre.
GAME
first
14
is
entrenched in his
will post his
and
if
given time
QR
play
and
finally
QB I PQ B
at
full
and
4,
his
Knight at
KB
3,
in order to
break up
posted at
Q Kt
2.
by
initiating
an advance on the
is
when
carefully
analysed,
truly
an
P.
P-Qs
was
carelessness
Kt-B4!
game
I
had played
Kt B
I.
It
on
my
part, but
Mar-
played this variation, since, had he analysed this move, he would, I think, have realised that Black would
obtain an excellent game.
only
BPX P
position
but also Kt
XP
followed
by B P X P.
The
is
full of possibiUties.
1
'
Sf
|ga^
ill
241
PX KP B X Kt
Kt X P (K
3)
QXB QR
P,
when
could play
QB
me.
4,
But, as will
be seen,
my
18.
Kt Q4!
18
Of course,
the Queen.
factory
if
18.
.Q
text
x R P
move
Q K4! 19 R R
i
would win
satis-
The
is
move
in the position.
2
have been
Q Q
to defend the
Q B
P,
3;
and then
20
21
5,
PB
KKt3
Qi,
(threatening
QRQ
i),
KR
i;
QR
least,
with a tremendous
advantage in position.
hand, assures Black an even game at the very as will soon be seen.
242
19. 20.
21.
GAME
14
KtxP
RxQ R Kt
QXQ R-Q7
I
A
he
ful
White
is
under
Pawn
is
not
so. 7
position of
Besides, the
Bishop
is
better with
pages
Pawns on both
because of
its
sides of the
is
superior
long range.
this
end-
Kt
K
;
ch
KB
P
i;
RB
Kt
(not
B X P
it);
because
23
B 3 would
not
RK
give
White the
6 ch, be-
best of
RXB
(best;
Kt
cause of
24
R
It
is
will
draw.
Pawn
ahead, White
is
who
is
always in danger.
It is only
now,
move
21.
QK
R-Ki
powerful
With
this
move Black
will
centre,
an assault which
24^
Kmg
22.
itself.
White
4.
is
afraid to play 22
because of
PB
PB
P K5 To prevent P B
of
P KKt4
The White Knight
dare
is
4.
practically
move on account
RXK
P.
t.:
23.
S .,M
M g
WTiite expects
P KR4
Pawns, and thus make them weak.
This
is
to disrupt Black's
23.
P
isolated
XP
Pawn
6
exercises
this
by
R Kt
I
and P
R K and R 7
3;
at
R K
White
cannot
stand
the
slow
death
any
longer^
244
GAME
sees danger everyw'here,
his
14
He
and wants
to avert
it
by giving up
on the King's
24
by taking the
initiative
R-K3!
This forces White
Much
atK
i,
because
K Kt
The game
it is is
3.
going to be
QKt4
5,
P Kt4
defending the Knight and
lib-
To prevent P Kt
erating the Rooks.
27. 28.
P-R3
R-Kt3
K B
R-R7
ft
245
White
loss.
P K
6,
lost in
any
case.
I
29.
K Kt
R6
lose
30.
P-Kt3
all his
P-QR3
something
31.
P K6
WTiite
RxKP
move
the Knight because
3
PR
ch;
KxP, R R
ch;
K Kt
i,
R R
8 mate.
32. 33-
P-Kt4
R-R3
7
P-B3
5,
If
33
P-Kt
R,
P-R
ch;
34K-R1, RxKt;
35
RX
RX
P, winning easily.
246
3334. 35. 36.
GAME
14
R-Q3
Kt-K7 Kt-B 5ch Kt R4 Kt-B 5
R(Q3)-Q7
3738. 3940.
K B
P-B4ch
Resigns.
An
fiNIS
university of California
,irANGSs:crF?.RN>r90095-,38S
AA 000
753 088