Grammar

I.

Question Tag

Question tags are sort addition to sentences, asking for confirmation or agreement . If the statement is positive, the tag is negative If the formof verb in the statement is present pefect (for examples). Then the form of the verb in the tag is the negative if present perfect Examples : you can see the cat from here , cant you/ They have gone to Jakarta, havent they? You took the book, didnt you/ . If the statement is negative, the tag is positive Examples : jesica didnt call you, did you? Your father hadnt go to boston, had they? Moly wasnt a singer. Was she?

Notes : Irregular : Im late, arent I Lets has the tag shall : lets go, shall we? When the subject of sentences is anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, none, either, neither, everybody, everyone, somebody, someone we use pronoun they as the subject. Examples : everybody have gone, havent they.?

Exercises

Complete these esntences using correct question tags 1. Sonia was too young too die? 2. Mr. Clinton has an old house.. ?

3. They havent understood what you mean? 4. He is a clever man..? 5. You found that book in the desk.? 6. Open the window..its very hot here. 7. Lets finis this difficult homework ..? 8. The dogs wasnt running to the street? 9. Im too short to be a model.? 10. The ship hadnt sailed when you arrived here?

II.

Astonishment Expression

We use astonishment expression to state our admiration to something or someone Pattern

What + (an/ an) + adj + N ! What + a/an + N

OR

Examples : a. This rain so clean, has new soft seats, and provided with delicious foods. What A Comfortable train b. She breaks the bank code easily. What a genius girl! c. The man directly jump to save drowning girl. What a brave man?

Exercises
Write the astonishment sentences based on these situation

1. Electrical train can run 400 Km Per hour

2. The monkey can climb the tree fast 3. Japanese car industry can match American car industry only in a short time 4. This garden was very clean, there are many beautiful flowers.
5. My brother always get the first rank in his class

6. The man directly run to save the boys from accident 7. I was in my village. The air was very cool, I can see big mountain. 8. There was robed, the girl lost her bmoney 9. The man is tall, white, clever and friendly 10. This house have many rooms, big garden, and one swimming pool in it

Write the describe of these astonishment sentences 1. What a strong man! 2. What a great event 3. What a scary film 4. What a nice voyage 5. What a nice man

III.

Expressing Contrast

a. Although / though

After although we use a subject + verb

Examples: Although she smoke 40 cigarettes a day, she is quite fit Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday
b. In spite of / despite

After in spite of/ despite we use noun , pronoun (this, that, what, etc) or verb ing Examples: In spite of rain , we enjoyed our holiday Despite what I said last night, I still love you

you can also say in spite of/despite the fact (that) Examples: She is quite fit despite the fact (that) she smokes 40 cigarettes

In spoken English we often though at the end of sentences Examples : I see him every day. Ive never spoken to him though ( but Ive Never spoken to him.

Even though is a stronger form of although Examples : Even though I was really tired, I couldnt sleep.

Exercises
Fill the blanks with the suitable words / phrases to express contrast

1. The pilot couldnt avoid the plane crash one of its machines had had a

defect 2. She was late..se had promised to be on time 3. Mr. Ibrahim had worked hard, he couldnt send his children to university 4. She decided to accept the job the salary was low 5. She wasnt well, but.. this, she went work
6. . I had never seen him, I recognized him from a photograph 7. The villagers has received a big amount of compensation fee for their

uncultivated land. They keep living there 8. . She is old enough, she still improves her knowledge by joining a course 9. The house isnt very nice. I like the garden 10. . Her age, she dreses like a teenager.

IV.
a. Type I

Conditional

The most common form of conditional type I is:

If + Simple present tense + s + will + V1

Examples: If it rains I will stay at home If the sun shines we wont cancel our plan

b. Type II The most common form of conditional type II is

If + Past Tense + S + had + v3

Examples: if it was rained I had stayed at home If the sun shone we hadnt canceled our plan

c. Type III The most common form of conditional type III is

If + Past future + S + would + have + v3

Examples: If it was raining I would have stayed at home If the sun was shining we wouldnt have canceled our plan

Exercises I. Change these sentences into conditional type I 1. You meet your teacher, he tell you the score 2. I call you, I want to visit you 3. I visit kuta I will go to bali 4. I have time, I help you 5. My brother go shoping , he buy some bread

II. Change these sentences into conditional type II

1.

Dita be sad, she lend her novel You study hard, you fail in the exam The ice melt, you put outside the refrigerator You open the door, you see something strange They go camping, the weather be good

2. 3. 4. 5.

III.Change these sentences into conditional type 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. I visit kuta I will go to bali I have time, I help you You open the door, you see something strange They go camping, the weather be good You meet your teacher, he tell you the score

V.

Reported speech

The changing of tenses Direct Speech Present continuous S + is/am/are + Verb ing Simple present S + v1 Simple past S + v2 Present perfect S + have/has + v3 Present future S + will + v1 Examples :
a. She was so beautiful

Indirect Speech Past continuous S + was/were + ving Simple past S + v2 Past perfect S + had + v3 Past perfect S + had + v3 Past future S + would + v1

What did he say ? She said that she was so beautiful

b. I study hard what did he say? She said that she studied hard

Exercises Change these sentences into reported speech

1. she was so ugly 2. shes only got two foot 3. she has no feeling at all 4. I am going to Jakarta 5. she bought a new car 6. I have watched this video 7. I will visit my grandmother 8. could you spare me some food 9. I have read the book 10. she wasnt a rich man

VI. a. Passive voice in future tense

Pattern

Passive Voice II

(+) O + will/ shall + Be + V3 + S (-) O + Will/ shall + Not +Be+ V3 + S (?) Will/ Shall + O + Be + V3+ S

Examples : They will clean the room (+) the room will be clean by them

(-) the room will not be clean by them (?) will the room be clean by them

b. Passive voice in present perfect

Pattern
( +) O + have / has + been + V3+ S ( -) O + have / has + Not + Been +V3+ S (?) have/ has + O + been + v3 + S

Examples : You have made a cake (+) a cake have been made by you (-) a cake have not been made by you ( ?) have a cake been made by you

c.

Passive voice in past perfect

Pattern :
( + ) O + had + been + V3 + S ( - ) O + had + not + been + V3 + S ( ? ) had + O + been + V3 + S

Examples : I had written a letter ( + ) a letter had been written by me ( - ) a letter had not been written by me

( ? ) had a letter been written by me Exercises

I.

Change these sentences into passive voice ( Future tense)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The postman will deliver letters every morning Teacher will punish the students yesterday The foolish driver will cause the accident The baby will drop the glass He will buy a new car

II.

Change these sentences into passive voice (Present perfect) 1. I have kicked the ball 2. She has listened the news 3. You had finished your homework 4. Bella has washed the clothes 5. The man has saved the boy

III. Change these sentences into passive voice ( Past perfect ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

My brother had broken the lamp The dogs had barked the boys now I had found your wallet Marry had visited mr. david next week Mother had cooked rice everyday

Reading

The lost ring

Fatty come to visit skinny and found him searching through his living room for something. what are you looking for skinny? fatty asked . well I brought a gold ring for my wife. But it fell out of my hands as I was showing it to jhon answered skinny. My wife is out visiting friends. I must find the ring before she gets home because its our anniversary. If I dont find it, she will think Ive forgotten and become angry with me. Could you please help me find it? of course. Tell me, where were you when you lost it? I was in the front yard, skinny said if you were in the front yard when you lost it,why are you looking it here ? I was looking for it out here, but then it grew dark, so I came inside to look. The lighting is much better in here

Answer these questions 1. Who did visit skinny? 2. What did skinny look for? 3. Where did his wife go? 4. Why should skinny find it? 5. Where did the ring lose? 6. Why did skinny find it in his living room? 7. What did the story tell us about?

Cars in Jakarta
To live in Jakarta without a car was almost impossible. It was because people couldnt do anything if there was no transportation to transport them from place to place. But traffic jam was very unpredictable. Especially when flood hits the city If you wanted to buy a car for transportation in Jakarta, please though carefully. What car to choose? How much money did you have? how much did you want to spend? What would you use your car for? Did you want German car? If yes, choose Mercedes Benz or BMW. They ad good image in Indonesia as high class cars If you wanted cheaper cars, buy Japanese cars. Toyota had a wide range of offers. There were automobile and jeep. ,kijang was the most popular family car in Indonesia. Other Japanese cars available in Indonesia are Suzuki, mazda, Nissan, Mitsubishi, isuzu and Honda

Answer these question

1. Was it impossible to live in Jakarta without a car?

2. What did your consideration if you want to buy a car? 3. What did we need transportation for? 4. How did the traffic jam in Jakarta? 5. Mention the Japanese cars available in Indonesia 6. Mention the most popular family cars in Indonesia?

Painting
When visiting a painting gallery , a tourist was amazed by a painting. wow, its great. What is teh title of this painting ? asked the tourist to the owner of the gallery The title is jaka tarub. Sir. Do you like it? asked the owner yeah, I like it . how much does it cost? asked the tourist not too expensive, sir. Its only one hundred millions rupiahs. ok, I will pay it in cash now thank you sir, hmmmmmmm by the way do you like the story of jaka tarub? no, I have never heard about the story before. I just like seeing angles taking a bath without clothes in the picture

Answer these questions 1. Who was visiting the gallery/ 2. What was the tourist amaze? 3. What did the title of the painting 4. Did the tourist like the painting? 5. What did the tourist like from the painting? 6. What did the story tell us about?

Earthquake
Has everybody here heard of an earth quake do you know what it is like when it is happens? Well, I once experienced it. Okay. I ll tell you about my experience. Listen. I was driving along the coast road when the car suddenly lurched to one side. You know what happened? At first I though a tire had gone flat but then I saw telegraph poles collapsing like matchsticks. Its terrible, isnt it Next, guess what! The rocks came tumbling across the road and I had to get out of the car. When I got back to town, well as I said there wasnt much left. My god, that was a night mare.

Answer these questions 1. Where did the story happen?

2. What is the first event of the story?

3. What is the second event of the story? 4. What is the last event of the story? 5. What is the purpose of the writer telling the story ?

Picasso
Picasso was one of the most outstanding and important artist of the 1990s . He is best known for his paintings. Almost every style in modern art its represented in picassos works. Picasso was born in 1881 in Malaga, Spain as the son of an art teacher. He studied painting with his father and also in Madrid From about 1895 to 1901 he painted realistic works in a traditional style. Then he entered what was called the blue period. During this time he only used shades of blue in his paintings to show poverty he saw in Barcelona. After 1907, he entered into the styles of cubism. Among his well- known cubbish painting are the three musicians and the man with a guitar which depict the destruction of a Spanish town. Picasso dead in france in 1973

Answer these questions 1. Who was Picasso? 2. When and where was he born? 3. Why did he become famous? 4. Who was piccaso father? 5. What did his well known painting? 6. When and where did he die?

Structure
1. You broke my television..? a. Dont you? b. Didnt you? c. Arent you? d. Did you?

2. I am a boy.? a. Arent I? b. Am I c. Are I? d. Are you ?

3. You are fat. a. Arent you? b. Are You? c. Doyou?

d. Dont you?

4. Mila has gone to bali a. Has she? b. Have she? c. Doesnt she d. Hasnt she

5. Her house was very small..? a. Was she b. Didnt she c. Wasnt she d. Did she

6. She is a clever girl..? a. Is she b. Doesnt she c. Did she d. Isnt she

7. Your brother always gets up lately on Sunday. a. Has he

b. Doesnt he

c. Does he d. Wasnt she

8. You must go to bali

a. Mustnt you

b. Must you c. Did you d. Didnt you

9. Lets go?

a. Will you b. Shall we c. Will not you d. Will I

10. Let me have a look.? a. Will you b. Shall we c. Will not you d. Will I

11. She must not spend her money.. a. Must she b. Mustnt she c. Had she d. Doesnt she

12. You have never go to Lombok. a. Have you b. Hadnt you c. Havent you d. Had you

13. Lets have fun.. a. Will you

b. Dont I c. Do you d. Dont me

14. You have heard that news a. Have you b. Havent you c. Hadnt you d. Had you

15. It wasnt a big party a. Was it b. Did it c. Wasnt it d. Didnt it

16. There were many problem in our life a. Was it b. Were they c. Wasnt it d. Werent they

17. Umi hasnt cooked for dinner a. Hasnt she

b. Hadnt she c. has she d. Hasnt he

18. We had to take away..

a. Had we b. Hadnt we c. Has we d. Hasnt we

19. You must stay here,..

a. Mustnt you b. Must you c. Must we d. Mustnt we

20. I am clever a. Are you b. Arent you c. Arent I 21. There was a handsome man in front of you a. What a man b. What a handsome c. What a handsome man d. What a good man

22. Anita always get the first rank in her class..

a. What a girl b. What a clever girl c. What clever d. What girl

23. The man directly jump to the water to save the child a. What man b. What brave c. What a brave d. What a brave man

24. This train was so clean, has new soft seats.. a. What a train b. What a clean train c. What a comfortable train d. What train

25. She breaks the bank code easily.. a. What a easy code b. What a girl c. What a genius d. What a genius girl

26. He has many cars and a big house

a. What a car b. What a man c. What a rich d. What a rich man

27. The woman lost her money . a. Its wonderful b. What a woman c. What a pity woman d. What a man

28. This man can move the heavy box easily

a. What a man b. What strong c. What a strong man d. What man

29. This house have many rooms in it.

a. What a house b. What a big c. What a big house d. What a small house

30. There is a beautiful girl in front of you..

a. What a beautiful b. What a girl c. What beautiful d. What a beautiful girl

1. I like him I dont know him a. Quite b. Although c. In spite of d. Despite 2. mr black is blind, he runs her own shop a. Although b. Though c. In spite of d. Despite of

3. . The accident. I drive on time a. Though b. Although c. In spite of d. Despite of

4. .. Diana has speak for five years in france. But he doesnt speak France well a. Although b. Yet c. In spite of d. Despite of

5. .. the storm , they still climb the mountain

a. Although b. Though c. In spite of d. Despite of

6. I knew where he had been .. he didnt tell me a. Because b. Although c. In despite of d. Despite of

7. The car was quite old. That it was in excellent condition a. Because b. Although c. In spite of d. Despite of

8. I didnt get the job I had all the necessary qualifications

a. Because b. Despite c. In spite of d. Though

9. She wasnt well , but .. this she went to work

a. Because b. Although c. Though d. In spite of

10. Im not tired working hard all day a. Because b. Although c. Though d. Despite of

11. If he came to my house, I very happy a. Will b. Had c. Would d. Shall

12. I would pay him, if he the work property a. Did b. Done c. Do d. Doing

13. I would answered if I . a. Could

b. Will c. Would d. Can

14. If you .. a bird, you could fly

a. Were b. Would c. Had d. Could

15. If you meet your friend, he tell you something a. Would b. Will c. Would have d. Had

16. If she was going to bandung, she stayed in hotel a. Would b. Would have c. Had d. Will

17. If you wait for her, he come a. Would b. Will

c. Would have d. Had

18. If I king, you would be queen a. Were b. Was c. Am d. Would have

19. If mary he would know the answer a. Were b. Was c. Is d. Are

20. He wouldnt be in debt if he. not extravagant a. Was b. Were c. Has d. Having