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Supplment

51

41.

Les Italiens dans le monde grec (IIe sicle av. J.-C.-Ier sicle ap. J.-C.).
Circulation, dnomination, intgration. Actes de la Table ronde organise lcole Normale Suprieure,
Paris, 14-16 mai 1998,
dits par Claire HASENOHR et Christel MLLER (2002).

42.

Recherches franco-albanaise I. LAlbanie dans lEurope prhistorique,

Actes du colloque de Lorient organis par lcole franaise dAthnes et lUniversit de Bretagne-Sud, Lorient
8-10 juin 2000,
dits par Gilles TOUCHAIS et Josette RENARD (2002).

43.

Le Nolithique de Chypre, Actes du colloque international organis par le Dpartement des Antiquits de
Chypre et lcole franaise dAthnes, Nicosie 17-19 mai 2001,
dits par Jean GUILAINE et Alain LE BRUN, avec la collaboration dOdile DAUNE-LE BRUN (2003).

44.

Les Messniens de 370/369 au Ier sicle de notre re. Monnayage et histoire,

par Catherine GRANDJEAN (2002).

45.

La sculpture architecturale byzantine dans le thme de Nikopolis du Xe au dbut du XIIIe sicle

(pire et tolie-Acarnanie et Sud de lAlbanie),
par Catherine VANDERHEYDE (2005).

46.

Mythos. La prhistoire genne du XIXe au XXIe sicle aprs J.-C. Actes de la table ronde internationale
dAthnes (21-23 novembre 2002),
dits par Pascal DARCQUE, Michael FOTIADIS et Olga POLYCHRONOPOULOU (2006).

47.

tudes darchologie dlienne, par Philippe BRUNEAU,

Recueil darticles rassembls et indexs par Jean-Charles MORETTI (2006).

48.

La sculpture des Cyclades lpoque archaque.

Histoire des ateliers, rayonnement des styles, Actes du colloque international, organis par lphorie des
Antiquits prhistoriques et classiques des Cyclades et lcole franaise dAthnes (7-9 septembre 1998),
dits par Y. KOURAYOS et Fr. PROST (2008).

49.

La Sculpture Byzantine VIIe XIIe sicle, Actes du colloque international,

organis par la 2e phorie des Antiquits byzantines et lcole franaise dAthnes (6-8 septembre 2000),
dits par Charalambos PENNAS et Catherine VANDERHEYDE (2008).

50.

La gigantomachie de Pergame ou limage du monde,

par Franoise-Hlne MASSA-PAIRAULT (2007).

51

Supplment

Ce volume comprend les textes des communications dASMOSIA VII, 7 cone

frence internationale de lAssociation pour ltude du marbre et des autres pierres

dans lAntiquit (Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones in Antiquity), qui sest tenue dans lle de Thasos, en Grce. Les thmes abords dans ces
communications sont la pointe du domaine interdisciplinaire o se rejoignent la
science, larchologie et lhistoire de lart ; ils refltent un large spectre de la
recherche sur les pierres, depuis la carrire jusquau produit dcor dans son tat
final. Les sujets plus particulirement abords sont les suivants : (1) Considrations
archologiques et emploi du marbre ; (2) Carrires, techniques dextraction, gologie et
proprits de la pierre ; (3) Identification de provenance et caractrisation : le marbre ;
(4) Identification de provenance et caractrisation : autres pierres ; (5) Techniques et
dveloppements ; (6) Bases de donnes ; (7) Proprits de la pierre Vieillissement
Restauration et (8) Pigments et peintures sur marbre.

This book contains the papers submitted to ASMOSIA VII, which is the 7th In-

ternational Conference of the Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones
in Antiquity. The conference was held in the island of Thassos, Greece. The subjects of the papers represent the state-of-the-art in the interdisciplinary field of
Science and Archaeology and Art-History and reflect a very broad range of
research and applications on stone, from the quarry to the final decorated object.
In particular, the subjects cover: (1) Archaeological considerations and use of marble,
(2) Quarries, Quarrying Techniques, Geology and Stone properties, (3) Provenance
Identification and Characterisation: Marble, (4) Provenance Identification and
Characterisation: Other stones, (5) Techniques and Developments, (6) Databases,
(7) Stone Properties Weathering Restoration and (8) Pigments and paintings on
marble.

ASMOSIA VII

BULLETIN DE CORRESPONDANCE HELLNIQUE, SUPPLMENTS

BCH
ASMOSIA VII
Actes du VII e colloque international de lASMOSIA
Thasos 15-20 septembre 2003

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of

Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones in Antiquity
Thassos 15-20 september, 2003
tudes runies par Yannis MANIATIS
C O L E

F R A N A I S E

A T H N E S

B U L L E T I N

D E

C O R R E S P O N D A N C E

H E L L N I Q U E

BCHSuppl51pdtitre 7/9/09 2:46 PM Page 1

BCHSuppl51pdtitre 7/9/09 2:46 PM Page 3

ASMOSIA VII

BCHSuppl51pdtitre 7/9/09 2:46 PM Page 4

C O L E

F R A N A I S E

D A T H N E S

Directeur des publications : Dominique Mulliez

Adjointe aux publications : Catherine Aubert

Rvision et mise au point des textes :

Y. Maniatis

Lcole franaise dAthnes, qui a contribu lorganisation de la rencontre ASMOSIA VII Thasos, avec le centre Dimokritos, la
18e phorie des antiquits prhistoriques et classiques de Kavala et lIGME, a pris en charge la totalit du cot de fabrication des
actes dans sa collection, mais a autoris titre exceptionnel Yannis Maniatis recourir aux normes ditoriales anglo-saxonnes.

Pr-presse et photogravure :
Coordination de la fabrication :
Impression, reliure :
Conception graphique de la couverture :

EFA Velissarios Anagnostopoulos, Thymeli s.n.c.

EFA, Velissarios Anagnostopoulos
Break In s.a.
EFA, Velissarios Anagnostopoulos

Dpositaire : De Boccard dition-Diffusion 11, rue de Mdicis, F 75006 Paris, www.deboccard.com

cole franaise dAthnes, 2009 6, rue Didotou, GR 10680 Athnes, www.efa.gr
ISBN 978-2-86958-207-1
Reproduction et traduction, mme partielles, interdites sans lautorisation de lditeur pour tous pays, y compris les tats-Unis.

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BCH

51

Supplment

ASMOSIA VII
Actes du VIIe colloque international de lASMOSIA
Organis par l'cole franaise d'Athnes,
le National Center for Scientific Research DIMOKRITOS,
la 18e phorie des antiquits prhistoriques et classiques (Kavala)
et lInstitute of Geology and Mineral Exploration
Thasos, 15-20 septembre 2003

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of

Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones in Antiquity
organized by the French School of Athens,
the National Center for Scientific Research DIMOKRITOS,
the 18th Ephoreia of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities (Kavala)
and the Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration
Thassos, september 15-20, 2003

tudes runies par Yannis MANIATIS

BCHSuppl51pdtitre 7/9/09 2:46 PM Page 6

BCHSuppl_51_contensPreface 6/5/09 9:41 AM Page VII

CONTENTS

Prface Yannis Maniatis

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

XIII-XVI

ABBREVIATIONS IN BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... XVII

SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY TALK

Ch. KOUKOULI-CHRYSANTHAKI and S. PAPADOPOULOS .................................................................................................................................................................................................1-18
The island of Thassos and the Aegean in the Prehistory

PART I: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS USE OF MARBLE

Th. STEFANIDOU-TIVERIOU ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19-29
Thassian marble: A connection between Thassos and Thessaloniki
E.J. WALTERS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31-41
Thassian Julius Caesar
G.E BORROMEO, J.J. HERRMANN, Jr. and N. HERZ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 43-51
Macedonian workmanship on a Thassian marble Hadrian in Providence?
J. C. FANT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 53-57
White marbles in the summer triclinium of the casa del Bracciale dOro, Pompeii
J.J. HERRMANN, Jr. and R.H. TYKOT ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 59-75
Some products from the Dokimeion quarries: craters, tables, capitals and statues
P.A. BUTZ ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 77-87
The Naxian Colossus at Delos: Same Stone
A. BETORI, M. GOMEZ SERITO and P. PENSABENE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 89-102
Investigation of marbles and stones used in Augustean monuments of western alpine provinces (Italy)
F. BIANCHI and M. BRUNO .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 103-111
Flavian amphitheatre: The Cavea and the Portico; Comments about the quality, quantity and the
working of its marbles
O. PALAGIA, Y. MANIATIS, E. DOTSIKA and D. KAVOUSSANAKI ........................................................................................................................................................... 113-132
New investigations on the pedimental sculptures of the Hieron of Samothrace: A preliminary report
V. GAGGADIS-ROBIN, Y. MANIATIS, C. SINTS, D. KAVOUSSANAKI and E. DOTSIKA ...................................................................................... 133-146
Provenance investigation of some marble sarcophagi from Arles with stable isotope and maximum
grain sizes analysis

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L. COOK and I. THOMAS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 147-157

Faustino Corsi and the coloured marbles of Derbyshire
F. VAN KEUREN, L.P. GROMET and N. HERZ .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 159-174
Three mythological sarcophagi at the RISD Museum: Marble provenances and iconography

PART II: QUARRIES, QUARRYING TECHNIQUES, GEOLOGY AND STONE PROPERTIES

J.A. HARRELL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 175-186
The Bokari granodiorite quarry in Egypts eastern desert
E. BLOXAM, P. STOREMYR and T. HELDAL .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 187-201
Hard stone quarrying in the Egyptian old Kingdom (3rd Millennium BC): rethinking the social organization
T. ENDO and S. NISHIMOTO ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 203-210
The ancient Egyptian quarry at Dibabiya
D. KLEMM and R. KLEMM ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 211-225
Pharaonic limestone quarries in Wadi Nakhla and Deir Abu Hennis, Egypt
T. HELDAL, P. STOREMYR, E. BLOXAM, I. SHAW, R. LEE and A. SALEM ....................................................................................................................................... 227-241
GPS and GIS methodology in the mapping of Chephrens quarry, Upper Egypt: a significant tool for
documentation and interpretation of the site
P. STOREMYR, T. HELDAL, E. BLOXAM and J.A. HARRELL ................................................................................................................................................................................. 243-256
New evidence of small-scale Roman basalt quarrying in Egypt: Widan el Faras in the northern Faiyum
desert and Tilal Sawda by El-Minya
P. STOREMYR and T. HELDAL .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 257-271
Ancient stone quarries: Vulnerable archaeological sites threatened by modern development
P. HADJIDAKIS, D. MATARANGAS and M. VARTI-MATARANGAS .............................................................................................................................................................. 273-288
Ancient quarries in Delos, Greece
M. WURCH-KOZELJ et T. KOZELJ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 289-307
Quelques sarcophages rectangulaires dpoque impriale, des carrires thasiennes aux ncropoles de
Thasos
K. LASKARIDIS and V. PERDIKATSIS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 309-317
Characterisation of the timeless white marble and quarrying activity in Thassos

PART III: PROVENANCE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION (MARBLE)

F. GABELLONE, M.T. GIANNOTTA and A. ALESSIO ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 319-331
The Torre Sgarrata wreck (South Italy): Marble artefacts in the cargo

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A. CALIA, M.T. GIANNOTTA, L. LAZZARINI and G. QUARTA ...................................................................................................................................................................... 333-342

The Torre Sgarrata wreck: Characterization and provenance of white marble artefacts in the cargo
D. ATTANASIO, S. KANE and N. HERZ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 343-356
New isotopic and EPR data for 22 sculptures from the extramural sanctuary of Demeter and
Persephone at Cyrene
D. ATTANASIO, G. MESOLELLA, P. PENSABENE, R. PLATANIA and P. ROCCHI .................................................................................................................. 357-369
EPR and Petrographic provenance of the architectural white marbles of three buildings at Villa Adriana
T. CRAMER, K. GERMANN and W.D. HEILMEYER ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 371-383
Marble objects from Asia Minor in the Berlin collection of classical antiquities: stone characteristics
and provenance
M. BRUNO, C. GORGONI and P. PALLANTE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 385-398
On the provenance of white marbles used in the baths of Caracalla in Rome
M. FISCHER ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 399-412
Marble from Pentelicon, Paros, Thasos and Proconnesus in ancient Israel: an attempt at a chronological distinction
Y. MANIATIS, P. SOTIRAKOPOULOU, K. POLIKRETI, E. DOTSIKA and E. TZAVIDOPOULOS ........................................................................ 413-437
The Keros Hoard: Provenance of the figurines and possible sources of marble in the Cyclades
Y. MANIATIS, S. PAPADOPOULOS, E. DOTSIKA, D. KAVOUSSANAKI and E. TZAVIDOPOULOS .............................................................. 439-449
Provenance investigation of Neolithic marble vases from Limeraria, Thassos: Imported marble to
Thassos?
M. UNTERWURZACHER, H. STADLER and P. MIRWALD ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 451-458
Provenance study of Roman marble artefacts of an excavation near Oberdrauburg (Carinthia, Austria)
L. LAZZARINI ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 459-484
The distribution and re-use of the most important coloured marbles in the provinces of the Roman
Empire
M. MARIOTTINI, E. CURTI and E. MOSCETTI ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 485-493
The taste of the marbles in Roman villae (Tiburtina-Nomentana)
L. LAZZARINI and S. CANCELLIERE .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 495-508
Marmor Thessalicum (verde antico): Source, distribution and characterization
P. LAPUENTE, B. TURI and Ph. BLANC ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 509-522
Marbles and coloured stones from the theatre of Caesaraugusta (Hispania): Preliminary study
R.H. TYKOT, G.E. BORROMEO, C. CORRADO-GOULET and K. SEVERSON ....................................................................................................................... 523-532
Marble sculptures from the Rhode Island School of Design: Provenance studies using stable isotope
and other analysis

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J. J. HERRMANN, Jr., R. NEWMAN and A. VAN DEN HOEK ............................................................................................................................................................................... 533-545

Identifying Dolomitic Marble 2000-2003: The Capitoline Museums, New York, and SomnusHypnos in Urbisaglia

PART IV: PROVENANCE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION (OTHER STONES)

R. BUGINI and L. FOLLI ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 547-557
On tesserae of Roman mosaics in Lombardy (Italy)
E. Roffia, R. Bugini and L. Folli .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 559-570
Stone materials of the Roman villas around lake Garda (Italy)
P. DEGRYSE, P. MUCHEZ, E. TROGH and M. WAELKENS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 571-580
The natural building stones of Helenistic to Byzantine Sagalassos: Provenance determination through
stable isotope geochemistry
.J. JANSEN, T. HELDAL, R.B. PEDERSEN, Y. RONEN and S.H.H. KALAND ...................................................................................................................... 581-595
Provenance of soapstone used in medieval buildings in the Bergen region, Western Norway
B. MORONI, I. BORGIA, M. PETRELLI and P. LAPUENTE ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 597-613
Archaeometry of chert tools: For a non-destructive geochemical approach
J. CASSAR .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 615-626
Classifying Maltese prehistoric limestone megaliths by means of geochemical data
F. ANTONELLI, L. LAZZARINI, S. CANCELLIERE and A. SOLANO .............................................................................................................................................................. 627-643
Granito del Foro and Granito di Nicotera: Archaeometric problems
O. ZBEK ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 645-656
The prehistoric ground stone implements from Yartarla: The preliminary results of a geoarchaeological study in Tekirdag region (Eastern Thrace)
S. CHLOUVERAKI and S. LUGLI ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 657-668
Gypsum: A jewel in Minoan palatial architecture; Identification and characterization of its varieties
L. LAZZARINI and F. ATHANASIOU ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 669-676
The discovery of the Greek origin of the Breccia policroma della Vittoria

PART V: TECHNIQUES AND DEVELOPMENTS

J. ZLDFLDI and Zs. KASZTOVSZKY .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 677-691
Provenance study of Lapis Lazuli by non-destructive prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA)
F. BIRICOTTI and M. SEVERI ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 693-698
A new non-destructive methodology for studying the internal structure of white marble of artistic and
archaeological interest

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PART VI: DATABASES

S. PIKE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 699-708
A stable isotope database for the ancient white marble quarries of Mount Pentelikon, Greece
G. KOKKOROU-ALEVRAS, E. POUPAKI, A. CHATZICONSTANTINOU and A. EFSTATHOPOULOS ......................................................... 709-718
Corpus of ancient Greek quarries
B. SZKELY and J. ZLDFLDI ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 719-734
Fractal analysis and quantitative fabric analysis database of West Anatolian white marbles

PART VII: STONE PROPERTIES WEATHERING RESTORATION

A. TSIKOURAS, K. MIHOPOULOS, K. HATZIPANAGIOTOU and N. NINIS .................................................................................................................................. 735-743
Correlations of mineralogy and physical properties for stones used in the building and the restoration
of the Asklepieion at Epidauros
I. PAPAYIANNI and M. STEFANIDOU ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 745-752
Study of the behaviour of Serpentinite stones used for the construction of ancient Dioklitianoupoli in
Northern Greece
M. GREENHALGH .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 753-764
Where have all the columns gone? The loss and reuse of antiquities in the Eastern Mediterranean
K. KOUZELI, and E. ZGOULETA ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 765-776
Gypsum at the Minoan site of Knossos: Types and deterioration
L. GIORDANI, M. ODDONE, and S. MELONI .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 777-786
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis of the marble faade of the Certosa di Pavia: Materials
provenancing and problematics related to decay
K. POLIKRETI, and Y. MANIATIS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 787-798
Ionic and charge mobility on weathered marble surfaces, studied by EPR spectroscopy

PART VIII: PIGMENTS AND PAINTINGS ON MARBLE

B. BOURGEOIS and Ph. JOCKEY ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 799-809
Polychrome Hellenistic sculpture in Delos: Research on surface treatments of ancient marble sculpture - Part II
A. G. KARYDAS, H. BRECOULAKI, B. BOURGEOIS and Ph. JOCKEY .................................................................................................................................................... 811-829
In-situ X-Ray Fluorescence analysis of raw pigments and traces of polychromy on Hellenistic sculpture
at the archaeological museum of Delos

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PRFACE
Lacronyme ASMOSIA dsigne lAssociation pour ltude du marbre et autres pierres dans lAntiquit
(Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones in Antiquity), fonde lors dun atelier de recherche
avance de lOTAN qui sest tenu lhtel Il Ciocco, Lucca, en Italie, du 9 au 13 mai 1988. Latelier
tait intitul : Le marbre en Grce ancienne et Rome : Gologie, carrires, commerce et artefacts. Il fut
suivi par une cinquantaine de participants qui reprsentaient de nombreuses professions : des physiciens, travaillant dans le domaine de larchomtrie, des archologues, des historiens de lart et des
conservateurs. Il fut organis par Marc Waelkens et Norman Herz avec le but affich dencourager les
projets associant scientifiques, historiens de lart et autres pour une meilleure comprhension des questions relevant de lusage de la pierre par les Anciens. la suite de cet atelier, une srie de rencontres
fut programme tous les deux ans et demi environ : la seconde rencontre eut lieu du 16 au 20 octobre
1990 Louvain, en Belgique ; la troisime du 17 au 19 mai 1993 Athnes, en Grce ; la quatrime
du 9 au 13 octobre 1995 Bordeaux, en France ; la cinquime du 11 au 15 juin 1998 Boston, aux
tats-Unis ; la sixime du 15 au 18 juin 2000 Venise, en Italie ; la septime du 15 au 20 septembre
2003 Limnas, sur lle de Thasos, en Grce. Cette srie de colloques fait partie intgrante de lassociation ASMOSIA : ils ont pour objectif de promouvoir la collaboration entre les sciences, larchologie
et lhistoire de lart pour une meilleure comprhension de lexploitation, du transport, du traitement
et de lemploi de la pierre brute dans lAntiquit.
La publication des actes a t bien accueillie la fois par les historiens de lart, les archologues et la
communaut scientifique, comme par les corps de conservateurs; elle a contribu susciter une coopration interdisciplinaire sans cesse largie. Dans la mesure o, avant la cration de lassociation, cette
coopration tait minimale, ce fut l, en fait, un progrs dcisif. Pour la bonne organisation et la publication de ces rencontres, on a galement eu la chance de bnficier du soutien financier dagences nationales
et internationales, comme la fondation Samuel H. Kress Foundation, lOTAN, etc.
Le nombre de membres de lassociation a plus que quadrupl, passant de 50 en 1988 environ 250
aujourdhui, reprsentant 25 pays. En dehors des actes de colloques, ASMOSIA publie galement
raison de deux fois par an lASMOSIA Newsletter.
ce jour, ce domaine de la recherche a fait preuve dimportantes avances dans la mesure o les sources
matrielles dont on dispose pour lusage du marbre et des autres pierres dans lAntiquit ont t largement tudies et o les matriaux eux-mmes ont fait lobjet de caractrisations gologiques et
physico-chimiques. Les bases de donnes avec leurs paramtres analytiques se sont dveloppes et les

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caractristiques de diffrents types de pierres brutes se sont accumules. Bien des problmes archologiques ou relevant de lhistoire de lart trouvent dsormais une meilleure rponse et une meilleure explication
par le recours aux analyses scientifiques et aux bases de donnes, quil sagisse de la provenance, de lidentification, de la diffusion, du traitement, des assemblages et de la prservation dimportants artefacts.
Le 7e colloque international de lassociation ASMOSIA sest tenu Limnas, la ville principale et le
port de lle de Thasos, en Grce. Il a t organis par le laboratoire darchomtrie-NCSR Demokritos ,
lcole franaise dAthnes, la 18e phorie des antiquits prhistoriques et classiques, lIGME (Institute
of Geology and Mineral Exploration). Le comit dorganisation, compos de Y. Maniatis, K. Polikreti,
Z. Bonias, S. Papadopoulos, T. Kozelj, M. Wurch-Kozelj et M. Varti-Mataranga, tient adresser ses
remerciements la Municipalit de Thasos qui a mis disposition la salle de confrences du Kalogeriko
et a tout mis en uvre pour faciliter le bon droulement du colloque, le ministre grec de la culture
et le ministre grec de lge ainsi que lAssociation des entreprises du marbre de Thrace et de Macdoine
pour leur soutien financier.
Ce volume runit les contributions prsentes au 7e colloque international de lassociation ASMOSIA.
Les thmes abords dans ces communications sont la pointe du domaine interdisciplinaire o se rejoignent les sciences, larchologie et lhistoire de lart ; ils refltent un large spectre de la recherche poursuivie
sur les pierres grce la coopration des sciences et des humanits. En particulier, les thmes abords
recouvrent presque tous les aspects qui concernent la pierre depuis la carrire jusquau produit dcor
dans son tat final, sans exclure les questions du vieillissement et de la restauration.
Tous les textes soumis pour publication dans ces actes ont fait lobjet dune rvision attentive par un
ou plusieurs rviseurs, ce qui en garantit le haut niveau, le caractre innovant et la porte scientifique.
En la matire, nous exprimons nos sincres remerciements aux membres du comit excutif de lassociation ASMOSIA, N. Herz, L. Lazzarini, P. Storemyr, J.J. Herrmann Jr., Ph. Jockey, S. Kane, J. Harrell,
ainsi quaux members du comit scientifique du colloque qui ont apport leur concours la difficile
rvision des textes prsents dans ce volume.
En outre, nous voulons remercier V. Zatta, secrtaire de lInstitute of Materials Science-NCSR
Demokritos pour son aide dans le traitement des actes et les tudiants-chercheurs du laboratoire
darchomtrie-NCSR Demokritos D. Tambakopoulos et M. Maniati pour leur aide dans lorganisation et la relecture des preuves.
Nous tenons aussi exprimer notre plus profonde gratitude lcole franaise dAthnes et, en particulier, son directeur, le professeur D. Mulliez : lcole franaise dAthnes, en effet, a support la
totalit du cot de fabrication et du travail de publication des actes dans le Supplment 51 du Bulletin
de Correspondance Hellnique. Nos remerciements vont galement Sandrine Huber, ancienne adjointe
aux publications de lcole franaise dAthnes, et Catherine Aubert, qui lui a succd ce poste,
pour la part quelles ont prise dans llaboration de la publication.
Yannis Maniatis
Prsident de lassociation ASMOSIA
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PREFACE
ASMOSIA stands for the Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones in Antiquity and was
founded at a NATO sponsored Advanced Research Workshop held at Il Ciocco, Lucca, Italy, 9-13 May,
1988. The Workshop was entitled, Marble in Ancient Greece and Rome: Geology, Quarries, Commerce,
Artifacts and was attended by fifty persons representing many varied professions: physical scientists
working in Archaeometry, archaeologists, art historians, and conservators. It was organized by Marc
Waelkens and Norman Herz with the avowed goal of encouraging collaborative projects among scientists, art historians and others in order to better understand the problems associated with ancient
mans use of stone. Following that a series of meetings were held scheduled approximately every two
and a half year: the second meeting was held October 16-20, 1990 in Leuven, Belgium; the third May
17-19, 1993, in Athens, Greece; the fourth October 9-13, 1995 in Bordeaux, France; the fifth June
11-15, 1998, in Boston, USA; the sixth June 15-18, 2000 in Venice, Italy; and the seventh in September
15-20, 2003 at Limenas on the Island of Thassos, Greece. These series of conferences form an integral
part of the Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones Used in Antiquity (ASMOSIA) and
their aim is to promote the combined scientific, archaeological and art-historical research for a better
understanding of the exploration, transportation, treatment and use of stone raw materials in Antiquity.
The publications of the proceedings have been well received by both the art historical, archaeological,
and scientific, as well as museum communities and have helped to inspire an ever increasing interdisciplinary cooperation. Since previous to ASMOSIA, such cooperation was minimal, this has indeed
been a great accomplishment. We have also been fortunate in receiving financial support for our meetings
and publications from national and international agencies, such as the Samuel H. Kress Foundation,
NATO etc.
Membership in ASMOSIA has grown over four-fold, from under 50 in 1988 to about 250 now and
representing 25 countries. Publications apart from the conference proceedings include the currently
twice-yearly ASMOSIA Newsletter.
Today, the field has witnessed important advances as the raw material sources for marble and other
stones used in Antiquity have been studied to a great extend and the materials have been characterised
geologically and physicochemically. The databases with analytical parameters have been expanding and
experience with the characteristics of different types of raw stone materials has been accumulating. Many
archaeological and art-historical problems can now be better resolved and explained using the advanced
scientific methods and databases. Such problems may be related to provenance, identification, movement,
treatment, assemblages and preservation of important artifacts.

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The 7th International ASMOSIA Conference was held at Limenas, the main town and harbour of the
island of Thassos, Greece. It was organized by the Laboratory of Archaeometry-NCSR Demokritos,
the French School at Athens, the 18th Ephoreia of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities and the Institute
of Geology and Mineral Exploration. The Organizing Committee, Y. Maniatis, K. Polikreti, Z. Bonias,
S. Papadopoulos, T. Kozelj, M. Wurch-Kozelj and M. Varti-Mataranga would like to thank and
acknowledge the Municipal Authorities of Thassos for providing the Conference building Kalogeriko
and all the necessary facilities in order to make this Conference possible, the financial support of the
Greek Ministry of Culture, the financial support of the Greek Ministry of the Aegean and the financial
support of the Association of Marble Enterprises of Macedonia and Thrace.
This book contains the papers submitted to the 7th International ASMOSIA Conference. The subjects of the papers represent the state-of-the art in the field and reflect a very broad range of research
and applications carried out in cooperation between the sciences and the humanities. In particular, the
subjects cover almost everything on stone from the quarry to the final decorated object, including even
aspects of weathering and restoration.
All the papers submitted for publication in these proceedings went under a peer reviewing process by
one or more reviewers. This guarantees that the papers published in this volume are of high standards,
innovative and scientifically sound.
For this, we expresses his sincere thanks to the Executive Committee of ASMOSIA, N. Herz, L. Lazzarini,
P. Storemyr, J.J. Herrmann Jr., Ph. Jockey, S. Kane, J. Harrell, and the Scientific Committee of the
Conference and also to other professional colleagues who helped with the difficult task of reviewing
the papers presented in this volume.
In addition, we want to thank Mrs V. Zatta, the Secretary of the Institute of Materials Science of NCSR
Demokritos for her help in processing the proceedings and the research students of the Laboratory
of Archaeometry-NCSR Demokritos Mr. D. Tambakopoulos and Mrs. M. Maniati for their help in
organising and proof readings of the papers.
We also expresses his deepest gratitude to the French School at Athens and particularly to its Director
prof. D. Mulliez for undertaking the full cost and effort of publication of the proceedings as Supplement 51
of the Bulletin de Correspondance Hellnique. Thanks are also due to Mrs. S. Huber, former publication
officer of the French School, and Mrs. C. Aubert, present publication officer, for organizing the publication.
Yannis Maniatis
Current President of ASMOSIA
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MARMOR THESSALICUM (verde antico):

SOURCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERIZATION
L. LAZZARINI and S. CANCELLIERE
Laboratorio di Analisi dei Materiali Antichi, Dip. di Storia dellArchitettura, I.U.A.V., Venezia, Italy

ABSTRACT
Marmor thessalicum and Lapis Atracius were names of geographic origin given by the Romans to a beautiful
green breccia named verde antico during the Italian Renaissance. This stone was first introduced into Rome in
Hadrians times for columns, facing slabs, tubs, etc., and soon became the most important green stone of
Roman antiquity. Later in the Byzantine period it was also worked for sarcophagi, whole iconostasis, and baptismal fonts. Its extensive primary use, and the medieval re-use of spolia, gave rise to its almost ubiquitous
distributions in all Mediterranean countries. Both ancient and modern quarries of verde antico are situated on
the slopes of Mount Mopsion, close to the village of Chasabali, in the province of Larisa (Thessaly). The verde
antico formation belongs to a large ophiolitic complex of Upper Jurassic age. This paper provides a thorough
minero-petrographic and chemical analysis of its various facies in order to characterize and distinguish them
from the similar verde di Tino from the Marlas area on the island of Tinos, Cyclades. Marmor Thessalicum is an
ophicarbonate breccia composed of black-to-green antigorite and white-calcite clasts in a greenish matrix
formed by a mixture of these two minerals. Accessory minerals are magnetite, chromite, tremolite and asbestos.
KEYWORDS:

MARMOR THESSALICUM, VERDE ANTICO, HISTORY, SOURCE, CHARACTERISATION, ARCHAEOMETRY

INTRODUCTION
It was in Greece that the Romans found some of the most beautiful coloured stones they used
to decorate their private and public buildings. Among these is what they called marmor thessalicum or lapis atracius, (the name comes from Thessaly the region where the quarries were

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Fig. 1. Typical macroscopic aspect of verde antico (sample # 1.1).

sited, and from Atrax, the town closest to them). This white and black mottled green breccia
(fig. 1) named verde antico by the Roman marble cutters of the Renaissance/Baroque period.
The green colour is mostly due to the matrix of the rock, of a light-to-average dark tonality,
but it often features darker colours in some elements of the breccia, which may be of various
hues from emerald-green to black and of dimensions varying from a few mm to more than one
meter. The white elements are of a pure colour and of much smaller size, seldom reaching 2030 cm across. Gray or red-coloured clasts are much more rare and of a centimetric size. These
macroscopic features are quite similar to those of verde di Tinos, a typical ophicalcite also quarried in Roman times at Marlas, the N-W part of the island of Tinos (Greece) (LAZZARINI 2002
and 2007).
As far as we know (GNOLI 1988), verde antico was introduced in Rome in Hadrianic times: the
oldest monument where it has been in fact identified is Villa Adriana at Tivoli. It soon became
very popular for facing slabs and columns in most of the Roman provinces. Examples of large
slabs are found in the Hadrianic Baths of Leptis Magna (fig. 2), and of columns, the four that
once stood in the Arch of Marcus Aurelius in Rome, which we know from documents was demolished in 1662 by order of Pope Alexander VII: two of these columns are now in the Church
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MARMOR THESSALICUM (verde antico): SOURCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISATION

Fig. 2. Leptis Magna (Lybia), Hadrian baths, large slabs of verde antico facing the floor.

of St. Agnese, and two in the Corsini Chapel at S Giovanni in Laterano. This stone was even
more quarried and used in Byzantine time when it replaced the red porphyry for imperial sarcophagi, and was widely used for columns in some of the most renowned basilicas such as the
Aghias Sophias of Constantinople and of Thessaloniki, St.John of Ephesus, the B-basilica of
Philippi (fig. 3), etc. Other uses of this period included altar tabletops and baptismal fonts,
sometimes classified as re-uses of ancient artifacts. Such re-utilisation started in fact after the
fall of the Roman Empire in the Eastern and Western provinces. In the former the Arabs appreciated coloured marbles and used them in the most important mosques. Columns of verde
antico are present for example, in the Omayad mosque of Damascus (fig. 4), in that of the
Dome on the Rock of Jerusalem, and in several others, like the Hassan mosque in Cairo. Some
are also present in the cathedrals of Canosa and Gerace (South Italy), and many in the basilicas of Rome (for ex. in S.Giovanni in Laterano) and Venice (St.Marks). Re-use also continued
after the Middle Age throughout the Renaissance and Baroque periods when the shortage of
ancient pieces forced Italian architects to search for substitution stones on the Western Alps,
in Liguria and Calabria. Verde antico was newly quarried from the sixties to the eighties of the
last century; it is now out of fashion and only seldom exploited.

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Fig. 3. Philippi (Greece), Basilica B, columns of verde antico.

Fig. 4. Damascus (Syria), Omayad Mosque, courtyard, small columns of verde antico and cipollino
rosso.
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Fig. 5. Map with the distribution of verde antico in the Mediterranean area: see the relevant paper
by L. Lazzarini in this volume for the identification of the sites.

The importance and popularity of our stone is well shown by a distribution map (fig. 5) made
from more than 6000 records of the presence of ancient coloured stones in some 400 different
ancient sites (LAZZARINI 2009). From this map it is evident that the primary use of verde antico was concentrated in Central Mediterranean, mainly Italy and North Africa, but also in
several Greek sites, and spread all over the Roman provinces reaching places very far away
from its quarries such as Tyrus, now Tyre, (Phoenicia) in the East, Colonia Lindum (Lincoln)
(Britannia) in the North, or Italica (Iberia), in the West. The largest numbers of re-uses are in
Italy, Greece and Asia Minor.

ANCIENT QUARRIES
The ancient and modern quarries of verde antico are located some 10 km NE of the town of
Larisa, the capital of Thessaly (Greece), not far from the village of Chasabali which remains
immediately to the south: they were firstly and carefully studied by I. Papageorgakis (PAPAGEORGAKIS 1963). The quarries are open on the northen and southern slopes of the western
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Fig. 6. Map of the quarry area of verde antico.

part of ancient Mount Mopsion (fig. 6) which is not formed by a unique peak, but by a series
of low hills protruding from a wide plain. In the northern areas, modern wire-cutting exploitation has destroyed most traces of ancient quarrying, but these, are very well preserved in
the southern sites. There, one can still see the organisation of the quarrying activity, with various extraction sites connected by ancient roads (fig. 7), often with high quarry fronts (fig. 8),
or with loci showing the typical stepped shapes and nice traces of the Roman heavy pick. Unusually rare are wedge-holes and abandoned blocks or unfinished column shafts. The latter are
probably covered by the many ancient, sometimes wide and thick, deposits of debris that are
scattered all around the quarries, and offer direct evidence of the very large amount of rock removed in antiquity.

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MARMOR THESSALICUM (verde antico): SOURCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISATION

Fig. 7. View on the ancient quarries on the southern slopes of Mount Mopsion.

Fig. 8. A well-preserved front of a Byzantine quarry visible on the left of fig.7.

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GEOLOGICAL SETTING
Mount Mopsion belongs to the large mountain range of Mount Olympos-Mount OssaMount Pelion forming a Neogene horst between the grabens of Larisa to the west, and that of
the Thermaikos to the east (HIGGINS and HIGGINS 1996). All formations of these areas are included in the Pelagonian Zone of the Hellenides. Those of Mount Ossa are characterised by
marble and schist on the upper part, and by a well known ophiolitic complex in the low lands
towards south and west. This complex has been well mapped in the Platycampos Sheet of
IGME (The Hellenic Geological Institute) by Greek geologists (KATSIKATSOS et al. 1981).
The breccia occupies the upper part of the metamorphic complex, tentatively dated to the
Upper Cretaceous that is formed of a slightly metamorphic flysch overlying the so-called Aya
marbles and our breccia called the ophiolitic transgressive breccia of Omorphochorion. The
maximum thickness of this breccia has been estimated to 150 m. Below the breccia are serpentinites, metamorphic basic rocks and metasediments.

SCIENTIFIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS

More than 30 samples were collected from a dozen of ancient quarries. 18 were selected for the
microscopic study in thin section and powder X-Ray diffraction (CuKa/Ni at 30 KV, 20 mA):
the latter was also performed on several samples after chemical attack with diluted HCl to remove calcite and separation of magnetite with a magnet. The same amount of samples studied
under the polarising microscope was subjected to chemical analysis by ICP-AES: only the
main and minor elements were quantitatively determined. 10 samples of whole rock and of
single components (element or matrix) were finally analysed with a Hg-porosimeter to
measure the main porosimetric parameters of the rock. The microscopic study and chemical
analysis were extended to 3 samples of verde di Tinos from the most ancient quarries visible at
Marlas, with the purpose of checking the possibility of distinguishing this stone from verde
antico on a laboratory basis.
The microscopic study of verde antico and the diffractometric analyses enabled determination
of its minero-petrographic features as follows:
The fabric is conglomeratic/micro-conglomeratic (fig. 9) and formed by serpentinic and
marble elements in a matrix composed of a mixture of these two components.
The macroscopically black/dark green serpentinic elements are mainly of small antigorite
crystals forming a felt-like or interlocked fabrics. Veins filled with antigorite crystals grown
perpendicularly to the walls of the vein are also quite common
The macroscopically white marble elements are composed of recrystallised calcite often
forming a heteroblastic fabric with xenoblasts reaching a MGS of 2 mm.
The matrix is formed by calcite mixed with antigorite, and contains more or less abundant
and disperded particles/isomorphous opaque crystals of magnetite (fig. 10). This mineral
is often deteriorated along its boundaries into yellow-brown limonite, which is also

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10

Fig. 9. Photomicrograph of the thin section of sample VA 12.1 showing a micro-brecciated fabric
formed by clasts of antigorite (dark grey) and marble (white) in a mixed matrix. N+, 32 X.
Fig. 10. Photomicrograph as above of magnetite (black) and tremolite crystals in the matrix of sample VA 3.3. N+, 64 X.

forming patinas and colouring the two main minerals. Sometimes present in the matrix
are needles of tremolite (fig. 10). The matrix shows macroscopically different hues of
green depending (as it clear appears under the microscope) on the proportion calcite-toantigorite, the former mineral diluting the deep green colour of the second.

Verde antico has sometimes been referred to as an ophicalcite (GNOLI 1988), but its correct
classification according to the description reported above is as an ophicarbonate metaconglomerate.
The chemical analysis of the rock is reported in Table 1. From the data, it is evident that Si,
Ca, Mg and Fe are the main elements composing verde antico. SiO2 varies from 11 to 40 %,
CaO from 5 to 40 %, MgO from 11 to 34 %, Fe2O3 from 2 to 8 %. Small amounts of Al and
of Mn complete the overall composition. It is therefore evident that this ophicarbonate
breccia, is a rock formed by serpentinisation of ultramafic rocks crushed by tectonisation and
mixed with limestone fragments and permeated by calcareous solutions; the breccia then underwent an average-grade metamorphism in an ocean floor environment.

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Table 1: Chemical analysis of verde antico (VA) and of verde di Tinos (VT); <l.d= value below
detection limit.
N camp
VA

SIO2 Al2O3 Fe2O2

%p
%p
%p

1-2
1-3
3-1
3-2
3-3
6-2
6-3
7-1
8-1
8-2
8-4
9-1
9-2
11-2
11-3
12-1
12-2
13-1
Aver.
Std. D
VT 1
VT 2
VT 3

30.50
15.30
13.91
25.08
28.11
23.27
23.43
23.54
20.37
39.69
20.66
21.19
27.71
11.84
32.03
23.12
19.27
20.23
23,29
6,74
20.32
29.06
31.30

0.72
0.34
0.55
0.83
0.78
0.72
0.65
1.27
0.80
1.10
0.67
0.74
0.88
0.35
0.77
0.75
0.63
0.64
0,73
0,22
1.00
0.64
0.61

8.11
2.51
2.18
6.73
4.80
5.29
4.63
4.70
4.87
7.16
4.29
4.74
6.34
2.65
5.93
4.37
3.52
3.94
4,82
1,60
6.44
4.74
9.52

MnO
%p

MgO
%p

CaO
%p

Na2O
%p

K2O
%p

TiO2
%p

P2O5
%p

P.F.
%p

Totale
%p

0.09
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.07
0.10
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.05
0.08
0.06
0.07
0.07
0,07
0,01
0.10
0.34
0.09

29.09
13.73
12.37
22.87
26.01
21.31
21.47
20.55
18.50
33.81
18.87
20.07
25.99
11.23
30.56
21.55
18.45
19.09
21,42
6,02
16.54
18.27
26.90

13.00
36.53
38.07
21.27
18.45
24.29
24.17
24.51
27.58
5.54
28.18
26.78
17.98
39.68
12.32
24.46
29.39
28.04
24,46
8,92
28.16
25.13
13.20

<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.

<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.

<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.

0.06
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.
<l.d.

<l.d
<l.d
0.06

<l.d
<l.d
<l.d

<l.d
<l.d
<l.d

<l.d.
<l.d
0.08

18.41
31.84
32.99
23.24
22.12
25.08
25.35
25.28
27.37
12.74
27.41
26.75
21.34
34.47
18.57
25.69
28.58
27.67
25,27
5,39
26.94
21.72
17.60

99.98
100.31
100.14
100.10
100.34
100.01
99.75
99.90
99.56
100.14
100.14
100.33
100.32
100.27
100.26
100.00
99.91
99.68
100,06
0,23
99.5
99.9
99.30

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Table 2: Density and porosity values of the examined samples.

Sample

Apparent density
(g/cm3)

Bulk density
(g/cm3)

Porosity
(%)

VA3.3
whole

2.77

2.73

1.55

VA3.1
whole

2.69

2.64

1.90

VA1.2
black clast

2.74

2.73

0.37

VA8.2
black clast

2.98

2.93

1.93

VA3.2
black clast

2.75

2.73

0.78

VA4.8
green clast

2.66

2.62

1.65

VA3.3
white clast

2.72

2.64

3.12

VA1.2
matrix

2.72

2.66

2.25

VA4.1
matrix

2.69

2.61

3.09

VA4.1
matrix

2.75

2.68

2.60

The Table 2 and Figure 11 report the porosimetric data and related density values. As regards
this very last parameter, the average bulk density for the whole rock is around 2.7, a bit variable for the clasts; higher for some black clasts, reaching a maximum of 2.93. The porosity of
the whole rock is 1.9 %, higher than that of the values of the single black clasts (av.p.1%), but
lower than the other components, the matrix (av. p. 2.64 %) the green clasts (1.65 %) and the
white clasts (3.12 %), which seem to be the more porous of the components. The typical poresize distributions shown in Fig.11 indicate an even distribution of the small porosity for the
whole rock, with an almost equal amount of pores with radiuses varying from 0.01 to 1 micrometer, and pores with 1-10 . Black clasts show a more dispersed pattern, with a tendency
towards more pores in the range1-10 ; green clasts mostly show a bi-modal behaviour, with a
larger amount of fine pores (< 1 ); the white marble clasts, finally, show a concentration of
pores around 1 . Overall, verde antico is thus a rather compact material with a relatively
favourable distribution of pores.
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Fig. 11. Cumulative volume of pores in mm3 versus pore radius distribution (in micrometers and
in logaritmic scale) of whole rock and single clasts of verde antico.

THE ARCHAEOMETRIC PROBLEMS

As mentioned above, verde antico may be confused with verde di Tinos and sometimes with
rare brecciated varieties of verde di Varallo, a green stone (ophicalcite) still quarried in the
Italian Western Alps. Of these latter two materials, only the first was used in antiquity (the
second was used from the late Renaissance- Baroque periods onwards), so petrographic and
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Fig. 12. Plot of the chemical analysis of verde antico and verde di Tino in the CaO-MgO-SIO2.

chemical analyses for comparison were made on only 3 samples collected from ancient quarries NE of Marlas on the island of Tinos. The results show that the Tinian green is a true
ophicalcite essentially composed of antigorite and calcite with magnetite as the main accessory mineral. The microscopic fabric differs from verde antico since it is not microbrecciated
but characterised by an intimate mixture of the two essential minerals. Its chemical composition is shown in Table 1: comparison with the results of verde antico do not show the possibility
of a clear distinction of the two green stones based on the chemical analysis of the main components. This is confirmed also by plotting the results of the major elements on a
SiO2-CaO-MgO triangular diagram (fig. 12). The possibility of a separation of the two marbles may rely on trace elements and C &O stable isotope ratios measurements on the
carbonatic fractions of the rocks that will be done in a future research. For the time being, observation of the macroscopic features of the green marble from Tinos in the wide cuts of the
modern quarries and in a large number of polished slabs ready for sale, has shown that brecciation in it is quite rare, and occurs only on a small scale. The rock is also lacking white
marble clasts, being mostly characterised by white veins of calcite: these features seems for
now to be quite distinctive for a first macroscopic identification of the two marbles.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are grateful to the Ephoreia of Classical Antiquities of Larisa for having kindly authorised samples
to be taken from the ancient quarries, and to Dr. Dionysis Matarangas of IGME, Athens, for providing geological information and documentation.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
GNOLI, R., 1988, Marmora Romana, LElefante, II ed., Roma.
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par Catherine GRANDJEAN (2002).

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La sculpture architecturale byzantine dans le thme de Nikopolis du Xe au dbut du XIIIe sicle

(pire et tolie-Acarnanie et Sud de lAlbanie),
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La gigantomachie de Pergame ou limage du monde,

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51

Supplment

Ce volume comprend les textes des communications dASMOSIA VII, 7 cone

frence internationale de lAssociation pour ltude du marbre et des autres pierres

dans lAntiquit (Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones in Antiquity), qui sest tenue dans lle de Thasos, en Grce. Les thmes abords dans ces
communications sont la pointe du domaine interdisciplinaire o se rejoignent la
science, larchologie et lhistoire de lart ; ils refltent un large spectre de la
recherche sur les pierres, depuis la carrire jusquau produit dcor dans son tat
final. Les sujets plus particulirement abords sont les suivants : (1) Considrations
archologiques et emploi du marbre ; (2) Carrires, techniques dextraction, gologie et
proprits de la pierre ; (3) Identification de provenance et caractrisation : le marbre ;
(4) Identification de provenance et caractrisation : autres pierres ; (5) Techniques et
dveloppements ; (6) Bases de donnes ; (7) Proprits de la pierre Vieillissement
Restauration et (8) Pigments et peintures sur marbre.

This book contains the papers submitted to ASMOSIA VII, which is the 7th In-

ternational Conference of the Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones
in Antiquity. The conference was held in the island of Thassos, Greece. The subjects of the papers represent the state-of-the-art in the interdisciplinary field of
Science and Archaeology and Art-History and reflect a very broad range of
research and applications on stone, from the quarry to the final decorated object.
In particular, the subjects cover: (1) Archaeological considerations and use of marble,
(2) Quarries, Quarrying Techniques, Geology and Stone properties, (3) Provenance
Identification and Characterisation: Marble, (4) Provenance Identification and
Characterisation: Other stones, (5) Techniques and Developments, (6) Databases,
(7) Stone Properties Weathering Restoration and (8) Pigments and paintings on
marble.

ASMOSIA VII

BULLETIN DE CORRESPONDANCE HELLNIQUE, SUPPLMENTS

BCH
ASMOSIA VII
Actes du VII e colloque international de lASMOSIA
Thasos 15-20 septembre 2003

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of

Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones in Antiquity
Thassos 15-20 september, 2003
tudes runies par Yannis MANIATIS
C O L E

F R A N A I S E

A T H N E S

B U L L E T I N

D E

C O R R E S P O N D A N C E

H E L L N I Q U E