MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I have selected this topic because I was curious to gain knowledge about media and publicity in India as its a very vibrant l subject media and its role in publicity. In todays world, media has made a very special place for itself in our lives. There is no denial that media is playing a very significant role in making the world smaller. Through various mediums of media whether it is radio, television, newspaper or internet, we are able to connect with large number of people around us. I think it is almost impossible to imagine a life without media.

In this project I covered what are media and its significance and also what are publicity and its types. The role of media in publicity is studied by survey and analysis of people. The goal of this project has been to document the everyday lives of person as they engage with new media and to put forth a paradigm for understanding learning and participation in contemporary networked publics. Thus, The Media is very important in our life, without media our life is in completed. Media helps us for share any information from one person to another. We will aware about daily activities of whole world est. believe that those who are not tied to this system are missing something, They are missing information. The ability to constantly receive information is a privilege that I recognize is a crutch at times but I relish its advantages,People who do not use media as frequently as our society does are probably missing out on important news and social interaction.
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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

OBJECTIVE

 To study various media options.  To study what is publicity and types of publicity.  To study significance of various Medias.  To study Role of media in publicity.

MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The collection of data refers to a planned gathering of information relevant to the subject matter of the study from the units under investigation the method of collection of data depends mainly upon the nature, objective and scope of the inquiry on one hand and available of resources and time on the other hand. Data may be classified into primary and secondary data, depending upon the nature and mode of collection. Mainly the data is collected from: 1. Primary data:Primary data is collected from the survey of general public of Dombivli area. 2. Secondary data: Journals Website Vipul prakashan text book of special study marketing.

MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

INDEX

Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5

Particulars Introduction and Definition of Media Types of Media Use of Media Advantages and disadvantages of Media Introduction and Definition of Publicity

Page No. 5 6 10 15 23

6 7 8 9 10 11

Types of publicity Role of Media in Publicity Review of literature Analysis and Interpretation Conclusion Bibliography

24 30 32 35 45 46

MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data, or promotional messages are disseminated. Media includes every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet. Media is the plural of medium and can take a plural or singular verb, depending on the sense intended. In general, "media" refers to various means of communication. For example, television, radio, and the newspaper are different types of media. The term can also be used as a collective noun for the press or news reporting agencies. In the computer world, "media" is also used as a collective noun, but refers to different types of data storage options.

Definition of Media
The dictionary defines, media as all the means of communication, as newspapers, radio, and TV, which provide the public with news, entertainment, etc., usually along with advertising. Essentially, that means almost anything can be media as long as it is watched.

MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

CHAPTER 2 Types of Media

Below are the various categories or types of media advertising :-

1) Print Advertising Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, Fliers :-

 The print media have always been a popular advertising medium. Advertising Products via newspapers or magazines is a common practice.

MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY  In addition to this, the print media also offers options like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes.

2) Outdoor Advertising Billboards, Kiosks, Tradeshows and Events :-

 Outdoor advertising is also a very popular form of advertising, which makes use of several tools and techniques to attract the customers outdoors.  The most common examples of outdoor advertising are billboards, kiosks, and also several events and tradeshows organized by the company.  The billboard advertising is very popular however has to be really terse and catchy In order to grab the attention of the passers by.

3) Broadcast advertising Television, Radio and the Internet :-

MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

 Broadcast advertising is a very popular advertising medium that constitutes of several branches like television, radio or the Internet.  Television advertisements have been very popular ever since they have been introduced. The cost of television advertising often depends on the duration of the advertisement, the time of broadcast, and of course the popularity of the television channel on which the advertisement is going to be broadcasted.  The radio might have lost its charm owing to the new age media however the radio remains to be the choice of small-scale advertisers.

4) Covert Advertising Advertising in Movies :-

 Covert advertising is a unique kind of advertising in which a product or a particular brand is incorporated in some entertainment and media channels like movies, television shows or even sports.  Examples for this sort of advertising have to be the appearance of brand Nokia which is displayed on Tom Cruises phone in the movie Minority Report, or the use of Cadillac cars in the movie Matrix Reloaded.

5) Surrogate Advertising Advertising Indirectly :-

MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY  Surrogate advertising is prominently seen in cases where advertising a particular product is banned by law.  Advertisement for products like cigarettes or alcohol which are injurious to heath are prohibited by law in several countries and hence these companies have to come up with several other products that might have the same brand name and indirectly remind people of the cigarettes or beer bottles of the same brand.

6) Public Service Advertising Advertising for Social Causes :-

 Public service advertising is a technique that makes use of advertising as an effective communication medium to convey socially relevant messaged about important matters and social welfare causes like AIDS, energy conservation, political integrity, deforestation, illiteracy, poverty and so on.  Today public service advertising has been increasingly used in a noncommercial fashion in several countries across the world in order to promote various social causes.

MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

CHAPTER 3 The uses of media

The most important use of any medium is that it's an opportunity for an action group to learn to tell its story in a progressively building way. At each stage, new connections are made, new resources become available that will be needed in the following stage. At every stage, this learning directly contributes to the inherent strength and effectiveness of the group; innovation becomes possible. 1. In the core action group

 To achieve the communication objectives of the first stage an action group will probably use meetings, telephone, and letters and perhaps email in an informal way.  The opportunity at this stage is to "hit the ground running". If you establish systems at the beginning, it will save a great deal of time (and energy) down the line.  The simplest example is the contact list. If the core group establishes a standard format for this list, and one person to maintain it, and ensures that the full contact information for any new person is entered, you have given yourself a basic communication tool that will be used (and useful) at every stage.
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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY  As long as these requirements are met, as long as all the members of the group have ready access to up-to-date info, it doesn't matter what form the info comes in. 2. To connect with the group's immediate community

 At this stage, the story is kept as simple as possible; it's personal, and tells about the group, and its goal.  The immediate objective is to hear response; if appropriate, to ask for support, or quotable comment.  This preliminary round of outreach can usually be effectively done using word-of-mouth, letters, personal email, informal surveys and meetings.  The priority objective is that the group gets a firm idea of the resources and support it will have available, and can adopt an appropriate project supported by a realistic strategy.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY 3. Project development

 In this stage, your project is the story.  Your immediate community and natural partners are still your first audiences, but now you are telling about what you propose to do, and inviting their participation in fulfilling your project.  The objective is to hear reactions to your plan, so you have opportunity to modify it. And to learn how to tell the story of your project in preparation for taking it to a wider public audience in the following stage.  In this stage, home audio and video can be very powerful. First, you can use them the way a golfer uses video to improve their swing: taping and seeing/hearing themselves gives members of a group an opportunity to modify their presentation in any way they choose.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY 4. Gaining wider participation

 The overall objective of this stage is to gain wider participation in your project, so this version of your story must relate your project to the interests of the wider community, and may use local newspapers, periodicals, radio, and cable or regional broadcast graphic displays in public places, art shows, performances, meetings and other events.  This stage begins with making personal connections with individuals in your local communication and cultural communities, to gain their interest, and to have them tell you how best to tell your story to a wider audience through their particular medium. 5. To report

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY  At this stage you will use all the media available to you to report out to the participants, with an evaluation of the effectiveness of your project, an acknowledgment of the contributions of participants, and a request for their comments on the project and suggestions for follow-up. A newsletter is a relatively inexpensive medium for this purpose.

6. Mass media

 Depending on how wide an audience the group ultimately needs to reach, one of the most useful outcomes of its first communication cycle is that the group will be much better prepared to relate to "mass" media: national radio and television, documentary film and video, the World Wide Web. And you will have developed connections in the cultural community that can help you take your story to the level of performance.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

CHAPTER 4 Advantages and Disadvantages of various Medias

1) Newspapers:-

Advantages
y y y y

The distribution of your message can be limited to your geographic area. Split-run tests are available to test your copy and your offer. Free help is usually available to create and produce your ad Fast closings. The ad you decide to run today can be in your customer's hands two days from now.

Disadvantages
y y y y

Poor photo reproduction limits creativity. A price-oriented medium. Most ads are for sales. Short shelf life. The day after a newspaper appears its history. A highly visible medium. Your competitors can quickly react to your

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY prices.

2) Magazines :-

Advantages  High reader involvement means more attention will be paid to your advertisement.  Less waste circulation. You can place your ads in magazines read primarily by buyers of your product or service.  The smaller the page (generally eight and half by eleven inches) permits even small ads to stand out. Disadvantages  Long lead times (generally 90 days) mean you have to make plans a long time in advance.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY  The cost for space is higher in addition to higher creative costs.

3) Yellow Pages :-

Advantages  Everyone uses the yellow pages.  Ads are reasonably inexpensive.  You can easily track your responses. Disadvantages  All of your competitors are listed so you run the ad as a defensive measure.  Ads are not very creative since they follow certain formats. 4) Radio :-

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

Advantages  Permits you to create a personality for your business using only sounds and voices.  Free creative help is usually available.  Rates can generally be negotiated.  Least inflated medium. During the past ten years, radio rates have gone up less than other media. Disadvantages  Because radio listeners are spread over many stations, to totally saturate your market you have to advertise simultaneously on many stations.  Listeners cannot refer back to your ads to go over important points.  Ads are an interruption to the entertainment. Because of this, radio ads must be repeated to break through the listener's "tune out" factor.  Advertising costs are based on ratings which are approximations based on diaries kept in a relatively small fraction of a region's homes. 5) Television :-

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

Advantages  Permits you to reach great numbers of people on a national or regional level.  Independent stations and cable offer new opportunities to pinpoint local audiences.  Very much an image-building medium. Disadvantages  Ads on network affiliates are concentrated in local news broadcasts and on station breaks.  Creative and production costs can quickly mount up.  Lead time can result in items being sold out before ad runs.  Most ads are ten or thirty seconds long, which limits the amount of information you can communicate. 6) Direct Mail :-

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

Advantages  Your advertising message is targeted to those most likely to buy your product or service.  Your message can be as long as necessary to fully tell your story.  You have total control over all elements of creation and production.  A "silent" medium. Your message is hidden from your competitors until it's too late for them to react. Disadvantages  Long lead times required for creative printing and mailing.  Requires coordinating the services of many people: artists, photographers, printers, etc.  Each year over 20% of the population moves, meaning you must work hard to keep your mail list up to date.  Likewise, a certain percentage of the names on a purchased mailing list are likely to be no longer useful.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY 7) Telemarketing :-

Advantages  You can easily answer questions about your product/service.  It's easy to prospect and find the right person to talk to.  Cost effective compared to direct sales.  Highly measurable results.  You can get a lot of information if your script is properly structured. Disadvantages  Many business use telemarketing.  Professionals should draft the script and perform the telemarketing in order for it to be effective.  Can be extremely expensive.  Most appropriate for high-ticket retail items or professional services.

8) Specialty Advertising (balloons, sandwich boards, key charms, etc.) :21

MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

Advantages  Can be attention grabbers if they are done well.  Can give top-of-mind awareness.  Gets your name in front of people. Disadvantages  Difficult to target your market.  Can be an inappropriate medium for some businesses.  Difficult to find items that are appropriate for certain businesses.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

CHPTER 5 INTRODUCTION

At its core, publicity is the simple act of making a suggestion to a journalist that leads to the inclusion of a company or product in a story. Newspapers, magazines, TV programs and radio shows have large amounts of space to fill and depend upon publicists to help provide story ideas, interview subjects, background information and other material. For the most part, the act of making a suggestion to a journalist, when successful, will lead to one of two types of coverage:
y

The inclusion of your product, company or service in an already existing story (e.g. the reporter is already working on a story about your field and
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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY your contact with her results in your product being included in the piece)

DEFINITION
According to Business Dictionary , Type of promotion that relies on public relations effect of a news story carried usually free by mass media. The main objective of publicity is not sales promotion, but creation of an image through editorial or 'independent source' commentary. While the publicist can control the content of the story, he or she may not have any control over its placement or interpretation by the media.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

CHAPTER 6 TYPES OF PUBLICITY WITH THE USE OF VARIOUS MEDIAS

The following sections list numerous means by which you can publicize Events. One of these ideas will be familiar to you while others will hopefully provide you with insight into innovative and more creative ways of effectively Publicizing programs.

1. INEXPENSIVE PUBLICITY TECHNIQUES

A. POSTERS: (PRINT MEDIA)

 The essential purpose of a poster is the rapid telling of a single simple message using a limited number of elements.  Posters are viewed more rapidly than other methods of advertisement.  Their message must be strong, simple, and brief.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY B. TABLE:

 Table tents should be made of thick or heavy grade of paper that will stand firm.  Table tents can be placed in visible locations including lounges, lobby, dining hall, and on desk tops.

C. INVITATION:

 A personal touch can be added to your publicity by distributing invitations for your program.  These can be placed in mailboxes or handed out or slipped under room doors.
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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY D. CALENDAR:

 A large calendar of activities located on your bulletin board or distributed individually is a particularly effective technique.  Students will have at least one consistently identifiable source for information and activities.  The smaller calendars of activities can be copied and put into mailboxes or slid under doors.

E. BALLOONS:

 You can write a message on the balloon or put the message on a piece of paper inside the balloon.  Balloons can be tied with string to student's door knobs, handed out at
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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY the entrance of the building or handed out in dining hall lines.

F. TICKETS:

 You can purchase printed tickets or make your own.  Free tickets, and invitations, can be placed in mailboxes, handed out, or slipped under doors.  A variation of the ticket concept is to distribute coupons. The coupon might entitle the person to a prize or free refreshment item.  Coupons can be included on flyers or on printed schedules and this may prevent your advertisement from falling victim to the trash can.

G. BILLBOARDS:

 Place a large poster in the central lobby of Goodwin Hall.  For a more unusual effect, make a human billboard by hanging posters on the front and back of someone and have them walk around.
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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY H. BANNERS:

 A large extension of the poster, these can be hung outside the hall or in the Mailroom or in a lobby.  A bed sheet or old shower curtain will make a good size banner. I. WORD OF MOUTH:

 This is perhaps the oldest, yet most effective way to get the word out.  Its effectiveness should not be underestimated.  Go door to door and personally inform people of the activity; and remind them frequently, so that they don't forget.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

2. OTHER PUBLICITY TECHNIQUES:

 Networking sites, Mass e-mails, Bags, Bookmarks, Bull Horns, Bumper Stickers, Computer Letters, Door Hanger, Door Prizes, Footprints, Fortune Cookies, Free Tickets to events, Lawn Signs, Logos, Painted Windows, Puzzle Pieces, Sidewalk Chalk Writing, Sneak Previews, Stickers, Teasers, Bathroom stalls, T-shirts, Visors, Mirror Signs, Lollipops with messages, Balloons, Post Cards.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

ROLE OF MEDIA IN PUBLICITY : In todays world, media has made a very special place for itself in our lives.

 There is no denial that media is playing a very significant role in making the world smaller.

 Through various mediums of media whether it is radio, television, newspaper or internet, we are able to connect with large number of people around us.

 I think it is almost impossible to imagine a life without media.  Campaign such as Teach India and Jaago Grahak Jaago helps in spreading awareness about human rights and duties.

 Be it our work, relationships, education or entertainment, media is seen everywhere. And there is no denial that we cannot live without media.

 The basic purpose of media is to make the information reach to maximum people and thus help in not only market expansion and leadership but also in making products services or systems to be popularized and known. It works as a profitability indicator and the
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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY feedback received helps in further decision making, forecasting.

 Media helps in gaining and retaining attention of people as thus creating a bond by touching the emotional or the need front through alluring commercials and above all it is the strongest medium.

 Media works as platform for making information reach to the masses and in developing a direct and emotional bond between the service provider and the user.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

CHAPTER 8 REVIEW OF LITERTURE 1. Internet skills and the digital divide

y Alexander van Deursen o University of Twente, The Netherlands, a.j.a.m.vandeursen@utwente.nl y Jan van Dijk o University of Twente, The Netherlands Abstract Because of the growing amount of information on the internet and peoples increasing dependence on information, internet skills should be considered as a vital resource in contemporary society. This article focuses on the differential possession of internet skills among the Dutch population. In two studies, an in-depth range of internet skills are measured by charging subjects assignments to be accomplished on the internet. Subjects were recruited by applying a random stratified sampling method over gender, age, and education. While the level of operational and formal internet skills appeared quite high, the level of information and strategic internet skills is questionable. Whereas education appeared an important contributor to all skill levels, age only appeared a significant contributor to operational and formal skills. The results strengthen the

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY findings that the original digital divide of physical internet access has evolved into a divide that includes differences in skills to use the internet.

2) The negative effects of the media on celebrities

http://glassvisage.hubpages.com/hub/The-negative-effects-of-the-media-oncelebrities "Celebrity breakdowns" may have existed as long as the star system but are now investigated and exposed to a degree arguably considered excessive. In this digital era, it is not difficult to find information about celebrities, no matter how personal; private addresses of stars have been posted in both gossip columns and traditional media outlets like USA and India Today. And now, thanks to uncensored weblogs like that of celebrity-basher Perez Hilton, Salman Khan, Akshay Kumar, Katrina Kaif those in the spotlight suffer the humiliation and disgrace of having statements about them - true or untrue - broadcast for millions to find. The extent and quality of celebrity news in the media appears especially inordinate today, multiplying and intensifying at such a rate that "legitimate" news has fallen in precedence. Whether it likes it or not, the public knows more about Britney Spears and how many pills she swallowed than about many political issues. Mainstream media content is most likely increasing in sensationalism due to competition with celebrity news sources, particularly those online. The media may indeed negatively affect celebrity behavior and psyches. Trends toward sensationalism in mainstream news have been found in
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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY previous studies, most likely as a result of competition between traditional media outlets and celebrity-news sources. These statements were not disproved by this study, allowing it to be said that competition between the two media types may result in more efforts to investigate and cover the latest, boldest, most intimate information relating to celebrities.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

CHAPTER 8

ANNALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

The researchers have studied the Media and its role in publicity and have collected the data information from the 50 current people of Dombivli area by using questionnaire. A researcher after collecting the data has arranged it systematically & has analyzed & interpreted the data. The data shows the perception of the 50 people.

1. Is media useful in your life ?

 Yes 43  No..7

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

Diagram 1

YES

NO

Shows that 43 respondents are in a favor as they have any use of media in their life.7 respondents said they dont have any use of media in their life.

2. Do you think for creating an brand image publicity is necessary ?

 Yes..35  No2  Dont Know..13

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

Diagram 2

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Yes No Dnt Know Diagram 2

Shows that 35 of the respondents are in a favor as they think creating a brand image publicity is necessary. because by publicity we come to know about new product.2 said no. and 13 said we dont know about this.

3. Which is the most useful media according to u ?

 T.V. ..12  Newspaper8  Magazines..3  Other Media2  All above .25

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

Diagram 3

T.V. Newspaper Magazines Other Media

Shows that 12 of the respondents are in a favor as they thought T.V. is a most useful media. because And 8 said newspaper of a useful media. and 3 said magazines is a useful media and 2 said other medias and the 25 said that they use all above medias.

4. Is Media only source of information ?

 Yes 34  No ..0  Dont Know.6

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

Diagram 4

Yes No Don't Know

Shows that 34 of the respondents are in a favor as they think media is only source of info. And the 6 people said they dont know.

5. Do you feel the information disclosed by media are correct or authentic?

 Yes..15  No.20  Dont Know..4

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY  May be..11

Diagram 5

Yes No Dnt Know May be

Shows that 15 of the respondents are in a favor as they feel the information disclosed by media are correct or authentic.20 said no.4 said they dont know and 11 said may be its correct or authentic.

6. How does an advertisement affect you?

 Recall 16  Positive impression .9  Interest.12  Desire to purchase/explore.13

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

Diagram 6

Recall Positive impression Interest Desire to purchase/explore

Shows that 16 of the respondents are in a favor as they said an an advertisement affect us as recall.9 people said an advertisement affect us as a positive impression.12 said an advertisement affect us as an interest.13 said an advertisement affect us as desire to purchase or explore.

7. How long does the impact of an advertisement last on you?

 Few hours. 12  One Day ..18  One week ..14  One month6
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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

Diagram 7

Few hours One Day One week One month

Shows that 12 of the respondents are in a favor as the impact of an advertisement last on us up to few hrs. 18 said up to 1 day.14 said up to 1 week and 6 said up to 1 month.

8. To what extent would you agree or disagree that you were satisfied with the media coverage of public issues?

 Disagree8  Agree .28  Neither agree nor disagree.14

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY

Diagram 8

Disagree Agree Neither agree nor disagree

Shows that 8 of the respondents are in a favor as they agree with the above sentence. 28 people are disagreeing with the above sentence and 14 are Neither agree nor disagree with the sentence.

9. Which media draws your attention?

 T.V. ..12  Newspaper8  Magazines..3

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY  Other Media2  All above .25

Diagram 9

T.V. Newspaper Magazines Other Media All above

Shows that 12 of the respondents are in a favor as the TV draws their attention. 8 said the newspaper draws their attention.3 said the magazines draws their attention.2 said other media and 25 said all above medias.

10. How affluent are you with Social Networking?

 Basic36  Average.11
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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY  Expert.3

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Diagram 10 Basic Average Expert

Shows that 12 of the respondents are in a favor as they are basic affluent with Social Networking. 11 said they are average affluent with Social Networking.3 are expert in the Social Networking

CONCLUSION
 The goal of this project has been to document the everyday lives of person as they engage with new media and to put forth a paradigm for understanding learning and participation in contemporary networked publics.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY  Thus, The Media is very important in our life, without media our life is in completed.

 Media helps us for share any information from one person to another.  I believe that those who are not tied to this system are missing something, They are missing information.

 The ability to constantly receive information is a privilege that I recognize is a crutch at times but I relish its advantages,

 People who do not use media as frequently as our society does are probably missing out on important news and social interaction.

 But what is important is to regulate and to have proper checks on the right usage of media in promoting the filtered and the authentic information so as the right purpose of media in making people aware and judicious can be achieved.

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MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN PUBLICITY BIBLIOGRAPHY

y www.wikipedia.com y www.exchange4media.com y www.excellentguru.com y www.freshersworld.com y www.businessdictionary.com y Vipul prakashan text book of special study marketing

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