Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
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Objective 1.01
ARE YOU: creative intuitive imaginative innovative unconventional emotional independent expressive original introspective impulsive sensitive courageous open complicated idealistic nonconforming
CAN YOU: -sketch, draw, paint -play a musical instrument -write stories, poetry, music -sing, act, dance -design fashions or interiors
LIKE TO: -attend concerts, theatres, art exhibits -read fiction, plays, and poetry -work on crafts -take photographs -express yourself creatively -deal with ambiguous ideas
Potential Career Options: Actor/Actress (AES) Advertising Art Director (AES) Advertising Manager (ASE) Architect (AIR) Clothing/Fashion Designer (ASR) Copywriter (ASI) Dancer (AES) Choreographer (AER) Drama Teacher (ASE) English Teacher (ASE) Fashion Illustrator (ASR) Furniture Designer (AES) Graphic Designer (AES) Interior Designer (AES) Journalist/Reporter (ASE) Landscape Architect (AIR) Medical Illustrator (AIE) Museum Curator (AES)
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Objective 1.01
ARE YOU: well-organized accurate numerically inclined methodical conscientious efficient conforming orderly practical thrifty systematic structured polite ambitious obedient persistent
CAN YOU: -work well within a system -do a lot of paper work in a short time -keep accurate records -use a computer terminal -write effective business letters
LIKE TO: -follow clearly defined procedures -use data processing equipment -work with numbers -type or take shorthand -be responsible for details -collect or organize things
Potential Career Options: Abstractor (CSI) Accountant (CSE) Accounting Clerk and Bookkeeper (CSR) Administrative Assistant (ESC) Bank Teller (CSE) Budget Analyst (CER) Building Inspector (CSE) Business Teacher (CSE) Cashier (CSE) Catalog Librarian (CSE) Clerk (CSE) Computer Operator (CSR) Cost Accountant (CES) Court Reporter (CSE) Customs Inspector (CEI) Data processing worker (CRI) Electronic Mail Technician (CSR) File Clerk (CSE) Financial Analyst (CSI) Insurance Adjuster (CSE) Insurance Underwriter (CSE)
Internal Auditor (ICR) Key Punch Operator (CSE) Kindergarten Teacher (CSE) Legal Secretary (CSA) Library Assistant (CSE) Medical Records Technician (CSE) Medical Secretary (CES) Safety Inspector (RCS) Service Station Attendant (CER) Tax Consultant (CES) Telephone Operator (CSE) Typist (CES)
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Objective 1.01
ARE YOU: self-confident assertive sociable persuasive enthusiastic energetic adventurous popular impulsive ambitious inquisitive agreeable talkative extroverted spontaneous optimistic
CAN YOU: -initiate projects -convince people to do things your way -sell things or promote ideas -give talks or speeches -organize activities -lead a group -persuade others
LIKE TO: -make decisions affecting others -be elected to office -win a leadership or sales award -start your own service or business -campaign politically -meet important people -have power
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Objective 1.01
ARE YOU: inquisitive analytical scientific observant precise scholarly cautious intellectually self-confident introspective reserved broad-minded independent logical complex curious Potential Career Options:
Actuary (ISE) Agronomist (IRS) Anesthesiologist (IRS) Anthropologist (IRE) Archeologist (IRE) Biochemist (IRE) Biologist (ISR) Cardiopulmonary Technician (IRE) Cartographer (IRE) Chemical Engineer (IRE) Chemical Technician (IRE) Chemist (IRE) Chiropractor (ISR) Civil Engineer (IRS) Computer Engineer (IRC) Computer Programmer (IRC) Computer Systems Analyst (IER) Dentist (ISR) Ecologist (IRE) Economist (ISA) Electrical Engineer (IRE) Geographer (IRE
CAN YOU: -think abstractly -solve math problems understand scientific theories -do complex calculations -use a microscope or computer -interpret formulas
LIKE TO: -explore a variety of ideas -use computers -work independently -perform lab experiments -read scientific or technical journals -analyze data -deal with abstractions -do research be challenged
Geologist (IRE) Hazardous Waste Technician (IRS) Horticulturist (IRS) Industrial Arts Teacher (IER) Management Consultant (ICR) Marketing Research Analyst (IAS) Mathematician (IER) Medical Lab Technologist (IRE) Medical Technologist (ISA) Meteorologist (IRS) Nurse Practitioner (ISA) Pharmacist (IES) Physician, General Practice (ISE) Physician Assistant (ISA) Psychologist (ISA) Research Analyst (IRC) Software Engineer (IRE) Statistician (IRE) Technical Writer (IRS) Veterinarian (IRS) Web Site Developer (IRS)
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Objective 1.01
ARE YOU: practical athletic straightforward/frank mechanically inclined a nature lover thrifty curious about the physical world stable concrete reserved self-controlled independent ambitious systematic persistent Potential Career Options:
Aerospace Physiologist (RSE) Air-Conditioning Mechanics (RIE) Aircraft Mechanic (RIE) Appliance Mechanics (RIE) Aqua culturist (REI) Architectural Drafter (RCI) Automobile Body Repairer (RIE) Automotive Engineer (RIE) Automobile Mechanic (RIE) Baker/Chef (RSE) Bookbinder (RES) Bricklayer (RSE) Butcher (RSE) Carpenter (RCI) Cement and Terrazzo Worker (REC) Compositor (RSI) Construction Worker (REC) Corrections Officer (RES) Dental Assistant (RES) Dental Laboratory Technician (REC) Dental Technician (REI) Diesel Mechanic (REI) Drafter (RCI) Electrical Engineer (RIE) Electrician (REI) Electroplater (R) Exercise Careers (RES)
CAN YOU: -fix electrical things -solve electrical problems -pitch a tent -play a sport -read a blueprint -plant a garden -operate tools and machinery
LIKE TO: -tinker with machines/vehicles -work outdoors -use your hands -be physically active -build things -tend/train animals -work on electronic equipment
Farm Equipment Manager (RES) Farmer (RIS) Farm Manager (RES) Firefighter (RES) Fish Hatchery Manager (RES) Floral Designer (RAE) Forester (RIS) Furnace Installer (RES) Geodetic Surveyor (RIE) Glazier (RES) Groundskeeper (RCE) Instrument Repair/Maintenance (RIE) Jeweler (REC) Laboratory Technician (RIE) Line Installer (RSE) Logger (RES) Machinist (RIE) Maintenance Repairer (RES) Mechanical Engineer (RIS) Metallurgical Technician (RIS) Oceanographer (RIE) Optician (REI) Painter (RES) Petroleum Engineer (RIE) Plumber (REI) Practical Nurse (RSE) Printing Press Operator (REI)
Property Manager (RES) Quality Control Manager (RSE) Radio/T.V. Repair (REI) Radio chemist (IRE) Sailor (REC) Sheet Metal Worker (R) Structural Steelworker (REI) Tailor (RES) Tool and Die Maker (RIE) Truck Driver (RSE) Upholsterer (RCS) Watchmaker (REC) Water Quality Specialist (REI) Welder (RES) Woodworking (RAE)
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Objective 1.01
ARE YOU: friendly helpful idealistic insightful outgoing understanding cooperative generous responsible forgiving patient empathic kind persuasive
CAN YOU: -teach/train others -express yourself clearly -lead a group discussion mediate disputes -plan and supervise an activity -cooperate well with others
LIKE TO: -work in groups -help people with problems -participate in meetings -do volunteer work -work with young people -play team sports -serve others
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Objective 1.01
Learning Styles
Retrieved from: http://ttc.coe.uga.edu/surveys/LearningStyleInvResults.html
Auditory Learners
Learning Strengths:
Teaching Strategies:
Remember what they hear and say Enjoy class discussions Can remember oral instructions
Structure classroom to minimize noise/distractions Repeat key points and summarize lessons Write down key words to avoid confusion due to pronunciation
Incorporate multimedia applications utilizing sounds, music, or speech. Have students use sound or voice recorders on the computer.
Visual Learners
Learning Strengths:
Teaching Strategies:
Remember what they see Enjoy visual projects and presentations Can remember diagrams, charts, maps
Provide interesting visuals to look at Make sure visual presentations (notes, etc.) are organized Make sure handouts are clearly readable
Incorporate multimedia applications utilizing videos, images, or diagrams. Have students take digital images or videos for use on the computer.
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Objective 1.01
Tactile Learners
Learning Strengths:
Teaching Strategies:
Remember what they experience with their hands or bodies (movement) Enjoy using tools or active lessons Can remember procedures after having done them
Incorporate creative or out-of-seat activities into lessons Encourage students to take their own notes Incorporate computers into student lessons
Incorporate interactive multimedia applications, such as simulations. Have students create their own multimedia presentations.
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Objective 1.01
Verbal-Linguistic: This intelligence relates to language, spoken and written. Logical-Mathematical: This intelligence relates to numbers, patterns, and inductive and deductive thinking. Visual-Spatial: This intelligence relates to sight and visualization, and internal mental images. Bodily-Kinesthetic: This intelligence relates to knowledge and awareness of the body and its movement and abilities. Musical: This intelligence relates to recognizing sound and rhythm patterns. Interpersonal: This intelligence relates to communication and relation to other people. Intrapersonal: This intelligence relates to inner reflection and awareness, and metacognition. Naturalist: This intelligence relates to recognition of order and patterns in nature, such as in plants and animals. (NOTE: The previous seven intelligences comprise Gardner's original theory of MI. This intelligence is the eighth, recognized later by Gardner.)
Musical
Suitable Careers:
Behaviors:
can sing or play an instrument enjoys musical or rhythmic games appreciates classical music and music of other cultures
Famous Musicians:
listen for the rhythm of natural sounds practice playing an instrument sing along with the radio
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Objective 1.01
Visual-Spatial
Suitable Careers:
Behaviors:
draws or builds models enjoys picture puzzles is able to visualize things easily
Famous Visualists:
draw a picture of something from memory illustrate a story build a model of someplace
LogicalMathematical
Suitable Careers:
Behaviors:
Famous Logicians:
predict the ending to movies/stories play games involving patterns practice math word problems
Naturalistic
Suitable Careers:
Behaviors:
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Objective 1.01
Famous Naturalists:
start a collection of bugs or leaves go camping or hiking for a weekend get a pet
Intrapersonal
Suitable Careers:
Behaviors:
Famous Intrapersonalists:
Mother Teresa, missionary Martin Luther King, Jr., minister and human rights activist
Interpersonal
Suitable Careers:
Behaviors:
Famous Interpersonalists:
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BodilyKinesthetic
Behaviors:
plays sports enjoys physical games uses hands or body while talking
Famous Kinesthetists:
VerbalLinguistic
Suitable Careers:
Behaviors:
Famous Linguists:
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Objective 1.01
ARTISAN SPs, being CONCRETE in communicating and UTILITARIAN in implementing goals, can become highly skilled in TACTICAL VARIATION. Thus their most practiced and developed intelligent operations are usually promoting and operating (SPT expediting), or displaying and composing (SPF improvising). And they would, if they could, be virtuosos of one of these forms of artistic operation. Artisans are proud of themselves in the degree they are graceful in action, respect themselves in the degree they are daring, and feel confident of themselves in the degree they are adaptable. This is the "Sensation Seeking Personality" -- trusting in spontaneity and hungering for impact on others. They are usually hedonic about the present, optimistic about the future, cynical about the past, and their preferred time and place is the here and now. Educationally they go for arts and crafts, avocationally for techniques, and vocationally for operations work. They tend to be permissive as parents, playmates as spouses, and play oriented as children. There are many Artisans to be found in many places where the action is, at least 35% and as many as 40% of the population. GUARDIAN SJs, being CONCRETE in communicating and COOPERATIVE in implementing goals, can become highly skilled in LOGISTICS. Thus their most practiced and developed intelligent operations are often supervising and inspecting (SJT administering), or supplying and protecting (SJF conserving). And they would if they could be magistrates watching over these forms of social facilitation. They are proud of themselves in the degree they are reliable in action, respect themselves in the degree they do good deeds, and feel confident of themselves in the degree they are respectable. In search of security as they are the "Security Seeking Personality" -trusting in legitimacy and hungering for membership. They are usually stoical about the present, pessimistic about the future, fatalistic about the past, and their preferred time and place is the past and the gateway. Educationally they go for commerce, avocationally for regulations, and vocationally for material work. They tend to be enculturating as parents, helpmates as spouses, and conformity oriented as children. There are even more Guardians than Artisans around, at least 40% and as many as 45% of the population. IDEALIST NFs, being ABSTRACT in communicating and COOPERATIVE in implementing goals, can become highly skilled in DIPLOMATIC INTEGRATION. Thus their most practiced and developed intelligent operations are usually teaching and counseling (NFJ mentoring), or conferring and tutoring (NFP advocating). And they would if they could be sages in one of these forms of social development. The Idealist temperament have an instinct for interpersonal integration, learn ethics with ever increasing zeal, sometimes become diplomatic leaders, and often speak interpretively and metaphorically of the abstract world of their imagination. They are proud of themselves in the degree they are empathic in action, respect themselves in the degree they are benevolent, and feel confident of themselves in the degree they are authentic. Idealist types search for their unique identity, hunger for deep and meaningful relationships, wish for a little romance each day, trust their intuitive feelings implicitly, aspire for profundity. This is the "Identity Seeking Personality" -- credulous about the future, mystical about the past, and their preferred time and place are the future and the pathway. Educationally they go for the humanities, avocationally for ethics, and vocationally for personnel work.
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Objective 1.01
Social relationships: In their family interactions they strive for mutuality, provide spiritual intimacy for the mates, opportunity for fantasy for their children, and for themselves continuous self-renewal. Idealists do not abound, being as few as 8% and not more than 10% of the population. RATIONAL NTs, being ABSTRACT in communicating and UTILITARIAN in implementing goals, can become highly skilled in STRATEGIC ANALYSIS. Thus their most practiced and developed intelligent operations tend to be marshalling and planning (NTJ organizing), or inventing and configuring (NTP engineering). And they would if they could be wizards in one of these forms of rational operation. They are proud of themselves in the degree they are competent in action, respect themselves in the degree they are autonomous, and feel confident of themselves in the degree they are strong willed. Ever in search of knowledge, this is the "Knowledge Seeking Personality" - trusting in reason and hungering for achievement. They are usually pragmatic about the present, skeptical about the future; solipsistic about the past, and their preferred time and place are the interval and the intersection. Educationally they go for the sciences, avocationally for technology, and vocationally for systems work. Rationals tend to be individualizing as parents, mindmates as spouses, and learning oriented as children. Rationals are very infrequent, comprising as few as 5% and no more than 7% of the population
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Objective 1.01
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Objective 1.01
Directors tend to be take-charge people who are highly competitive. They often project an air of confidence that may provide people with encouragement and faith. Their vision, ability to make things happen, and possible charisma make Directors ideal leaders. Directors Growth Opportunities When Directors become distressed, they may stop listening and become dictatorial, which reveals their tendency to take control by forcing action. Other people may view this behavior as impatience. Directors may try to influence people and organizations through their personal power, rather than with a more systematic and orderly approach to task-management or business development. They do not like routines and resent being bogged down by details. Therefore, they tend to be excellent delegators. Sometimes, however, they may over-delegate to people. This can lead to performance difficulties. Directors can increase their effectiveness with people by reigning in their need to control. Self-control will help them appear strong, sensible, and reasonable rather than demanding, argumentative, or stubborn. Their tendency to talk tough and be very direct can intimidate people and shut down communications and cooperation. In addition, their lack of tolerance for inefficiency and low performance can be counter-productive. They need to realize that performance is improved by providing positive redirection and support for everyone's efforts and progressive improvements.
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Objective 1.01
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Objective 1.01
talent is their dedication - evident in their quiet, calm-appearing, and "worker bee" approach to getting tasks done. Relaters Growth Opportunities Relaters can increase their effectiveness by better dealing with change and complexity and more adequately coping with stress. That means controlling their tendency to become indecisive and act slowly. This is especially important if they are in a leadership or management position. They also need to develop the ability to see the big picture, including the fact that the world is constantly changing. They tend to be more comfortable dealing with the trees and often do not see the forest. Relaters also need to increase their interest, understanding, and expertise in dealing with the world of ideas, analysis, interpretations, forecasts, etc. For example, they are generally more comfortable dealing with concrete situations or data that already exist rather than theories, trends, or conjecture. People often misunderstand this preference and do not realize that they are "doers," rather than thinkers. A related growth area is cultivating the ability to be more assertive. This is especially true when conflicts arise because their natural tendency is to become overly submissive. Relaters would benefit from learning and using collaborative problem-solving skills to help them deal with disagreements. Finally, they need to learn to possess an unshakable sense of self-worth. This would reduce or eliminate their dependence on reassurance from others.
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Objective 1.01
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Socializers Growth Opportunities Socializers are interested in a variety of things, so they tend to have a shorter attention span than other styles, which is often manifested in avoidance of details or lack of followthrough. They may become easily bored by repetitive routines and complexities that take them away from interacting with people! When Socializers feel pressured or stressed, they become emotional and impulsive and exhibit actions that are unplanned, disorganized, and inconsistent. During such times, they are likely to respond to tasks either superficially or incompletely. They may also fail to perform up to expected standards. Socializers tend to avoid conflicts at all costs, which pose the possibility of loss of recognition and approval. They can benefit from controlling their emotional responses and their tendency to wear their heart on their sleeve. They need to learn effective conflict-management skills and effective listening and questioning skills. They may often be talking when they really need to be listening. Socializers need a) to get involved with people more slowly, which would help them avoid interactions that they later regret; b) to place greater emphasis on their sense of self-worth and self-esteem; c) to strive for congruency between what they value and what they think they need in life; and d) to be more inner-directed rather than letting the reactions of other people determine so many of their choices in life.
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individuals who look at life in multiple ways, many of which are unique. Their ideas are often ingenious and highly creative. Thinkers are appreciated most by people who appreciate different and somewhat unique perspectives. When people get to know them well, they often comment on their sense of humor. People also appreciate their ability to be discrete and avoid embarrassing other people. Thinkers Growth Opportunities Thinkers tend to be indecisive, especially when dealing with more complex, new, or adverse situations. They dislike making mistakes or being embarrassed. Before making decisions, they want all the information and time needed to ponder all the possibilities -whether the situation allows this or not. Thinkers fear criticism, so they tend to be less communicative in general. They keep their ideas and feelings to themselves, especially when in doubt. Others may view them as being unresponsive or aloof. Thinkers can benefit by learning to share their feelings and showing genuine appreciation, acknowledgment, and recognition for others. They tend to be judgmental and demanding, and wonder why people cannot try to be as perfect as they are. This attitude often produces further tension in their relationships. Thinkers can benefit from being more collaborative in their dealings with people. Finally, Thinkers can benefit by being less self-critical and demanding.
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Objective 1.01
ISTJ
Serious and quiet, interested in security and peaceful living. Extremely thorough, responsible, and dependable. Well-developed powers of concentration. Usually interested in supporting and promoting traditions and establishments. Well-organized and hard working, they work steadily towards identified goals. They can usually accomplish any task once they have set their mind to it.
ISTP
Quiet and reserved, interested in how and why things work. Excellent skills with mechanical things. Risk-takers who they live for the moment. Usually interested in and talented at extreme sports. Uncomplicated in their desires. Loyal to their peers and to their internal value systems, but not overly concerned with respecting laws and rules if they get in the way of getting something done. Detached and analytical, they excel at finding solutions to practical problems.
ISFJ
Quiet, kind, and conscientious. Can be depended on to follow through. Usually puts the needs of others above their own needs. Stable and practical, they value security and traditions. Well-developed sense of space and function. Rich inner world of observations about people. Extremely perceptive of other's feelings. Interested in serving others.
ISFP
Quiet, serious, sensitive and kind. Do not like conflict, and not likely to do things which may generate conflict. Loyal and faithful. Extremely well-developed senses, and aesthetic appreciation for beauty. Not interested in leading or controlling others. Flexible and open-minded. Likely to be original and creative. Enjoy the present moment.
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Objective 1.01
INFJ
Quietly forceful, original, and sensitive. Tend to stick to things until they are done. Extremely intuitive about people, and concerned for their feelings. Well-developed value systems which they strictly adhere to. Well-respected for their perseverance in doing the right thing. Likely to be individualistic, rather than leading or following.
INFP
Quiet, reflective, and idealistic. Interested in serving humanity. Well-developed value system, which they strive to live in accordance with. Extremely loyal. Adaptable and laid-back unless a strongly-held value is threatened. Usually talented writers. Mentally quick, and able to see possibilities. Interested in understanding and helping people.
INTJ
Independent, original, analytical, and determined. Have an exceptional ability to turn theories into solid plans of action. Highly value knowledge, competence, and structure. Driven to derive meaning from their visions. Long-range thinkers. Have very high standards for their performance, and the performance of others. Natural leaders, but will follow if they trust existing leaders.
INTP
Logical, original, creative thinkers. Can become very excited about theories and ideas. Exceptionally capable and driven to turn theories into clear understandings. Highly value knowledge, competence and logic. Quiet and reserved, hard to get to know well. Individualistic, having no interest in leading or following others.
ESTP
Friendly, adaptable, action-oriented. "Doers" who are focused on immediate results. Living in the here-and-now, they're risk-takers who live fast-paced lifestyles. Impatient with long explanations. Extremely loyal to their peers, but not usually respectful of laws and rules if they get in the way of getting things done. Great people skills.
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Objective 1.01
ESTJ
Practical, traditional, and organized. Likely to be athletic. Not interested in theory or abstraction unless they see the practical application. Have clear visions of the way things should be. Loyal and hard-working. Like to be in charge. Exceptionally capable in organizing and running activities. "Good citizens" who value security and peaceful living.
ESFP
People-oriented and fun-loving, they make things more fun for others by their enjoyment. Living for the moment, they love new experiences. They dislike theory and impersonal analysis. Interested in serving others. Likely to be the center of attention in social situations. Well-developed common sense and practical ability.
ESFJ
Warm-hearted, popular, and conscientious. Tend to put the needs of others over their own needs. Feel strong sense of responsibility and duty. Value traditions and security. Interested in serving others. Need positive reinforcement to feel good about themselves. Well-developed sense of space and function.
ENFP
Enthusiastic, idealistic, and creative. Able to do almost anything that interests them. Great people skills. Need to live life in accordance with their inner values. Excited by new ideas, but bored with details. Open-minded and flexible, with a broad range of interests and abilities.
ENFJ
Popular and sensitive, with outstanding people skills. Externally focused, with real concern for how others think and feel. Usually dislike being alone. They see everything from the human angle, and dislike impersonal analysis. Very effective at managing people issues, and leading group discussions. Interested in serving others, and probably place the needs of others over their own needs.
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Objective 1.01
ENTP
Creative, resourceful, and intellectually quick. Good at a broad range of things. Enjoy debating issues, and may be into "one-up-manship". They get very excited about new ideas and projects, but may neglect the more routine aspects of life. Generally outspoken and assertive. They enjoy people and are stimulating company. Excellent ability to understand concepts and apply logic to find solutions.
ENTJ
Assertive and outspoken - they are driven to lead. Excellent ability to understand difficult organizational problems and create solid solutions. Intelligent and well-informed, they usually excel at public speaking. They value knowledge and competence, and usually have little patience with inefficiency or disorganization.
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Objective 1.01
Apparently, the IQ gives a good indication of the occupational group that a person will end up in, though not of course the specific occupation. In their book, Know Your Childs IQ, Glen Wilson and Diana Grylls outline occupations typical of various IQ levels: 140 Top Civil Servants; Professors and Research Scientists. 130 Physicians and Surgeons; Lawyers; Engineers (Civil and Mechanical) School Teachers; Pharmacists; Accountants; Nurses; Stenographers; 120 Managers. Foremen; Clerks; Telephone Operators; Salesmen; Policemen; 110 Electricians. Machine Operators; Shopkeepers; Butchers; Welders; Sheet Metal 100+ Workers. Warehousemen; Carpenters; Cooks and Bakers; Small Farmers; Truck 100and Van Drivers. Laborers; Gardeners; Upholsterers; Farmhands; Miners; Factory Packers 90 and Sorters.
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Objective 1.01
IQ Expressed in Percentiles IQ is often expressed in percentiles, which is not the same as percentage scores, and a common reason for the misunderstanding of IQ test scores. Percentage refers to the number of items which a child answers correctly compared to the total number of items presented. If a child answers 25 questions correctly on a 50 question test he would earn a percentage score of 50. If he answers 40 questions on the same test his percentage score would be 80. Percentile, however, refers to the number of other test takers scores that an individuals score equals or exceeds. If a child answered 25 questions and did better than 50% of the children taking the test he would score at the 50th percentile. However, if he answered 40 questions on the 50 item test and everyone else answered more than he did, he would fall at a very low percentile even though he answered 80% of the questions correctly. On most standardized tests, an IQ of 100 is at the 50th percentile. Most of our IQ tests are standardized with a mean score of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. What that means is that the following IQ scores will be roughly equivalent to the following percentiles: IQ Percentile 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 01 02 05 09 16 25 37 50 63 75 84 91 95 98 99
An IQ of 120 therefore implies that the testee is brighter than about 91% of the population, while 130 puts a person ahead of 98% of people. A person with an IQ of 80 is brighter than only 9% of people, and only a few score less than 60.
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Objective 1.01
Be Cautious! It is necessary to be very cautious in using a descriptive classification of IQs. The IQ is, at best, a rough measure of academic intelligence. It certainly would be unscientific to say that an individual with an IQ of 110 is of high average intelligence, while an individual with an IQ of 109 is of only average intelligence. Such a strict classification of intellectual abilities would fail to take account of social elements such as home, school, and community. These elements are not adequately measured by present intelligence tests. Furthermore, it would not take account of the fact that an individual may vary in his test score from one test to another. Measures of intelligence may be valuable although the value is often overrated but much harm can be done by persons who try to classify individuals strictly on the basis of such measures alone. No one should be either alarmed or discouraged if he finds that his IQ is not as high as he might have hoped. Remember that many elements besides IQ contribute to success and happiness. This article was compiled by Susan du Plessis. Visit her website, www.audiblox2000.com References:
Engle, T. L., & Snellgrove, L., Psychology: Its Principles and Applications (6th ed.), (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1974). Swiegers, D. J., & Louw, D. A., Intelligence, in D. A. Louw (ed.), Inleiding tot die Psigologie (2nd ed.), (Johannesburg: McGraw Hill, 1982). Test Score Interpretation, Hampton City Schools, Psychological Services. Wilson, G., & Grylls, D., Know Your Childs IQ (London: Futura Publications, 1977).
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Objective 1.01
SCANS Competencies
Retrieved from: http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/methods/assment/as7scans.htm
Because the world of work is changing, the U.S. Departments of Labor and Education formed the Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS) to study the kinds of competencies and skills that workers must have to succeed in today's workplace. The results of the study were published in a document entitled What Work Requires of Schools: A SCANS Report for America 2000. A summary of the findings are provided in the tables below. Table 1: SCANS' Five Competencies Resources: Identifies, organizes, plans, and allocates resources
Time - selects goal-relevant activities, ranks them, allocates time, and prepares and follows schedules Money - uses or prepares budgets, makes forecasts, keeps records, and makes adjustments to meet objectives Material and facilities - acquires, stores, allocates, and uses materials or space efficiently Human resources - assesses skills and distributes work accordingly, evaluates performance and provides feedback
Participates as member of a team - contributes to group effort Teaches others new skills Services clients/customers - works to satisfy customers expectations Exercises leadership - communicates ideas to justify position, persuades and convinces others, responsibly challenges existing procedures and policies Negotiates - works toward agreements involving exchange of resources, resolves divergent interests Works with diversity - works well with men and women from diverse backgrounds
Acquires and evaluates information Organizes and maintains information Interprets and communicates information Uses computers to process information
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Objective 1.01
Systems: Understands complex interrelationships
Understands systems - knows how social, organizational, and technological systems work and operates effectively with them Monitors and corrects performance - distinguishes trends, predicts impacts on system operations, diagnoses deviations in systems performance and corrects malfunctions Improves or designs systems - suggests modifications to existing systems and develops new or alternative systems to improve performance
Selects technology - chooses procedures, tools, or equipment including computers and related technologies Applies technology to task - understands intent and proper procedures for setup and operation of equipment Maintains and troubleshoots equipment - prevents, identifies, or solves problems with equipment, including computers and other technologies
Table 2: A Three-Part Foundation of SCANS Skills and Personal Qualities Basic Skills: Reads, writes, performs arithmetic and mathematical operations, listens, and speaks
Reading - locates, understands, and interprets written information in prose and in documents such as manuals, graphs, and schedules Writing - communicates thoughts, ideas, information, and messages in writing; and creates documents such as letters, directions, manuals, reports, graphs, and flow charts Arithmetic/mathematics - performs basic computations and approaches practical problems by choosing appropriately from a variety of mathematical techniques Listening - receives, attends to, interprets, and responds to verbal messages and other cues Speaking - organizes ideas and communicates orally
Thinking Skills: Thinks creatively, makes decisions, solves problems, visualizes, knows how to learn, and reasons
Creative thinking - generates new ideas Decision making - specifies goals and constraints, generates alternatives, considers risks, and evaluates and chooses best alternatives Problem solving - recognizes problems and devises and implements plan of action Visualizing - organizes and processes symbols Knowing how to learn - uses efficient learning techniques to acquire and apply new knowledge and skills Reasoning - discovers a rule or principle underlying the relationship between two or more objects and applies it when solving a problem
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Personal Qualities: Responsibility, self-esteem, sociability, self-management, integrity, and honesty
Responsibility - exerts a high level of effort and perseveres towards goal attainment Self-esteem - believes in own self-worth and maintains a positive view of self Sociability - demonstrates understanding, friendliness, adaptability, empathy, and politeness in group settings Self-management - assesses self accurately, sets personal goals, monitors progress, and exhibits self-control Integrity/honesty - chooses ethical courses of action
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Objective 1.01
Work Styles
Focus: Tasks in the Workplace
The Analyst
Acquires & evaluates information Gathers and examines facts/weighs evidence Makes decisions slowly Works carefully Loves stability/low risk taker Dislikes conflict Speaks quietly/firmly Priority: to be the expert
The Director
Interprets 7 processes information Acts/producers results Makes decisions easily Works hard Takes risks/challenges stability Thrives on conflict Speaks forcefully Priority: to be in control
Timid/Passive
Balanced
Assertive
Bold/Aggressive
The Mediator
Organizes & maintains information Harmonizes workplace Makes decisions reluctantly Works thoroughly Likes stability/rarely bored Cant stand conflict Speaks supportively Priority: to be needed
The Entertainer
Communicate information Energizes workplace Makes spur-of-the moment decisions Works fast Loves risk/easily bored Accepts conflict Speaks: spontaneously & well Priority: to be recognized
Adapted from: Carter, Carol, Izumo, Gary, Kravits, Sarah L. & Reeves, Diane L. (2001). The Career Tool Kit for High School Students; Making the Transition from School to Work. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Prentice Hall. p. 129.
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