Week: 9 Module: Nervous System and Special Senses 1.

All are the changes occurring during dark adaptation except? A. Increase retinal sensitivity to light B. Decline in visual threshold C. Visual acuity is large D. Dilatation of the pupils 2. Which of the following is false about the changes occurring during light adaptation? A. Decreased retinal sensitivity B. Decrease visual threshold C. Constriction of the pupils D. Breakdown of photosensitive pigments in the rods and cone 3. Which of the following is true regarding of retinal? A. Rods are not sensitive to light and function for scotopic vision B. Cones have low sensitive to light and function for photopic vision C. Cones have high light threshold for scotopic vision D. Details of object by Rods are well seen 4. Which of the following is not the characteristic of colour? A. There is a complementary colour when properly mixed with it producing black sensation B. Have three attributes which are hue, intensity and saturation C. There is a complementary colour when properly mixed with it producing white sensation D. Red, green and blue are primary colour 5. All are the trichromatic mechanism of colour vision by the retina except? A. Have 3 kinds of cone with different photopigment B. Each of the three photochemical pigment is not affected by its wave length C. If three types of cones are equally stimulated producing white sensation D. Colour processing takes place in ganglion cell of retina and lateral geniculate nucleus produce impulses that pass along neural pathways to visual cortex 6. Choose the FALSE statements regarding sound waves A. Consist of alternate region of compression and rarefaction of air molecules. B. Low pressure is needed to cause disturbance of air molecules than the fluid due to its inertia. C. Its characterized by pitch, intensity and timbre. D. It will be magnified by the outer and middle ear. 7. Choose the FALSE pair A. B. C. D. Frequency : audible range extend in humans from 20 to 20 000 c/sec. Intensity: Sound greater than 100 Db can damage the cochlea permanently Timbre: Responsible for characteristic differences in voices Pitch: Greatest sensitivity is above 4000 Hz

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8. Choose the correct answers regarding the function of the external ear. I. II. III. IV. A. B. C. D. Ear pinna increases the sound energy reaching the tympanic membrane. Plays an important role in sound localization Its resonance effect adds 15-20 db to sound pressure at tympanic membrane. It causes the tympanic membrane to be tensed. I,II II,III I,II,IV I,II,III

9. Which of the following are related to the tympanic membrane. I. II. III. IV. A. B. C. D. Acts as a resonator. Its anatomical surface is 62sq mm,while the physiological surface area is 55sq mm. It only can transmit sound waves in tensed state. Attach to the handle of the stappes. I,II II,III I,II,IV I,II,III

10. Choose the correct statements regarding functions of the middle ear. I. II. III. IV. Lever action of of malleus and incus amplify the sound pressure by increasing the force of movement by 1.3 times. The areal ratio of tympanic membrane and oval window is (55/3.2)sq.mm. Total amplification of sound waves made by the structures in middle ear give it 22 times more stronger. Impedance matching is important as to prevent incoming sound energy to be greatly wasted.

A. I,II B. II,III C. I,II,IV D. All of the above

11. Which of the following colour is not primary colour? A. B. C. D. Blue Green Yellow Red

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12. All of the following is true about the characteristic of colour except A. Colours have three attribute: hue, intensity, and saturation B. For any colour, there is a complementary colour that, when properly mixed with it, produces a sensation of white. C. The sensation of white, any spectral colour, and even the extraspectral colour can be produced by mixing various proportions of red light, green light and blue light. D. Black is probably not a positive sensation

13. Which of the following statement is not true about colour blindness? A. Abnormal colour vision is present as an inherited abnormality in Caucasian populations in about 8% males and 0.4% females B. Defects of the blue cones are rare and show no sexual selectivity C. Abnormalities of the red or green cones are inherited as dominant D. The abnormalities in red or green colour are due to abnormal gene on X-chromosome 14. Which of the following is true about area 17? A. B. C. D. Movement of object Fusion of visual image Perception and begin analysis of visual details All of the above

15. All of the statement below are true about lateral geniculate body of the thalamus except A. Its main function is to relay visual information from optic tract to visual cortex by the way of optic radiation B. It is arranged in five cellular layer C. It is located in the dorsal thalamus D. The magno-cellular portion of lateral geniculate body receives input from M ganglion cells 16. Which of the following are true regarding Organ of Corti? I. There are 20 000 outer hair cells II. There are 3500 inner hair cells III. Otolithic membrane covering the hair cells IV. Located on the basilar membrane A. I, II and III B. I, II and IV C. I, III and IV D. All of the above

17. Which part of the inner ear is responsible for maintaining the endocochlear potential? A. Basilar membrane B. Tectorial membrane C. Organ of corti D. Stria vascularis

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18. Degree of displacement of basilar membrane is responsible for A. Intensity analysis B. Pitch analysis C. Timbre analysis D. Transduction

19. Choose the TRUE statement I. High pitched sounds generate waves near the base of cochlear II. Both hair cells transform the mechanical forces of sound to electrical impulse III. Each group of fibers of basilar membrane responds to specific frequency IV. Lateral displacement of stereocilia and kinocilium cause influx of sodium A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. III and IV

20. During depolarization, which of the following event will NOT occur? A. Release of transmitter B. Firing of action potential C. Chloride outflux D. Calcium influx 21. Which are types of sound transmission? A. B. C. D. Wave conduction Bone conduction Air conduction Both B and C

22. What are the causes of conduction deafness? A. B. C. D. Damage of auditory cortex on both sides Damage of hearing pathway beyond cochlear nerve Damage of tympanic membrane Degeneration of hair cells

23. All the following is TRUE except : A. B. C. D. In nerve deafness the person is completely deaf if there is unilateral destruction Cochlear implants have become available in recent years Types of deafness are conduction deafness and sensorineural deafness High intensity sounds can damage the basilar membrane QMU WEEKLY QUESTIONS

24. What is function of specific part of the auditory pathway? IIIIIIIVSuperior olivary nucleus site of relay Inferior colliculus center of auditory reflexes Area 41 and 42 discrimination of pitch, intensity and timbre Area 21 associate sound information with information from other sensory areas of the cortex I, II and III I, II and IV II, III and IV All of the above

A. B. C. D.

25. What are the structures involved in the sound localization? IIIIIIIVA. B. C. D. Ear pinna Dorsal cochlear nucleus Superior olivary nucleus Inferior colliculus I and II I and III II and IV I, II and III

Many collateral branches are given off to the reticular formation leading to brain arousal 26. From which the collateral branches comes from A. B. C. D. Spiral ganglion Cochlear nuclei Superior olivary nucleus Inferior colliculus

27. All of the following are TRUE about types of sound transmission EXCEPT A. B. C. D. Air conduction is conducted to cochlea by ossicular route which is the most efficient route Bone conduction also plays a role in transmission of normal loud sounds Sound waves can be conducted via vibration of secondary tympanic membrane Considerable bone conduction occurs when tuning forks are applied directly to the skull

28. All of the following are FALSE about deafness EXCEPT A. In the conduction deafness, the bone and air conduction are lost B. Prolonged use of antibiotics can damage the fiber of the basilar membrane C. Closure of the Eustachian tube as in common cold can cause conduction deafness D. Unilateral lesion of primary auditory center gives deafness at opposite side E. Lesion of cochlear produces unilateral deafness on the opposite side QMU WEEKLY QUESTIONS

29. Choose the correct statement regarding the taste and smell sensation: I II Olfaction and qustation(taste) constitute mechanical senses Both of them are anatomically and morphologically distinct but complement each other as SVA (special visceral afferents) III The receptor of taste are microvili of taste buds while the receptor for olfaction are cilia of olfactory cells IV Both of them are innervated by cranial nerve 7th,9th,10th (facial, hypoglossal and vagus nerve) A. B. C. D. I ONLY I & II ONLY II,III & IV ONLY III & IV ONLY

30. All of the following are INCORRECT regarding receptor potential in the taste cells EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. Depolarization of the receptor membrane causes voltage-gated Ca2+ channel to open Increase in calcium level in the taste cells causes depolarization of the receptor membrane Influx of Na+ ion into the taste cell receptor is triggered by bitter and sweet taste Salty taste leads to closure of potassium channel in the receptor membrane

31. Choose the INCORRECT answer regarding taste perception: A. B. C. D. Taste does not have specificity in its pathway Each taste receptor can respond to only one type of chemicals Many receptor converge on ONE afferent neuron Perception of taste by higher centre depend on the activity of multiple afferent neuron

32. Choose the CORRECT answer regarding olfactory pathway A. The cilia of olfactory cells constitute the specificity of the smell sensation B. Each glomeruli respond to different type of odour C. Olfactory tract terminate at the brain and divides into 2 pathways which is superior or inferior olfactory areas D. The medial olfactory areas concern with emotional associated response while lateral olfactory area concern with memory associated response 33. The following are correct regarding TASTE and SMELL sensation EXCEPT: A. Adaptation of olfactory system occur at the central and receptor level while the adaptation of gustatory system occur in the CNS B. The bipolar olfactory sensory receptor are located in a ganglion C. Taste is 80% smell D. Damage to solitary nucleus can cause ageusia

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34. The following statements are true regarding the stimulants of semicircular canals except: A. Caloric stimulation: Irrigation of inner ear with hot or cold water leading to convection currents within the endolymph and stimulation of cupula B. Galvanic stimulation: Low voltage galvanic current applied to mastoid process leading to stimulation of crista ampullaris nerve endings C. Labyrinthine disease as: Labyrinthitis,vestibular neuritis and meniere s disease D. Motion sickness: Due to repetitive stimulation of SCC with endolymph movement 35. Which of the following is false regarding the mode of action of SCC during rotation? A. At rest,both cupula of the right and left horizontal SCC are central with equal bilateral discharges B. On stop of rotation,endolymph continues to move by its inertia C. Within 30 seconds after rotation stops the endolymph stop moving D. Increase rate of discharge from right side gives a sense of rotation from left to roght 36. The effects of Semicircular canal stimulation are the following except: A. B. C. D. Autonomic changes in the form of nausea,vomiting,bradycardia and hypotension Increased muscle tone at the stimulated side and decrease muscle tone on the opposite side Vertigo is felt after rotation stops in the same direction to original rotation Nystagmus is the jerky movement of the eye observed whenever the SCC is stimulated

37. Choose the false causes of vertigo: A. B. C. D. Errors of refraction Acute alcoholism Over dose of streptomycin Motion sickness

38. The pathological causes of nystagmus are the following except: A. B. C. D. Cerebellar diseases Inner ear disorders Defective vision Lesion in the floor of third ventricle

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ANSWERS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 355 B 356 B 356 A 357 B 358 B D 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 D D D C 357 D 357 C 358 D 362 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 B 360 B D A B C D 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 C A A 386 B 388 C 386 B 389 C 389 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 C A B D B A 308 B 308 36 37 38 C 310 B 310 D 311

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