Compiled 2011 C-BIP Building Precedents

GSW Headquarters
Location: Berlin
Original Architect: Unknown
Original Construction Year: Late 1950s
Renovation Architect: Sauerbruch Hutton
Renovation Year: 1992 - 1991
This design forms the extension to an office tower which
was one of the first projects to be built during the
reconstruction of Berlin in the 1950s. The design
endeavours to combine the <as found> fragments of the
city into a three-dimensional composition through which
the existing building is able to be (re-)integrated into its
context. The idea of conglomerate growth is not only
accepted but put forward as a model for urban
development.
The design of the high-rise slab is generated by a concern
for the workplace in the city. and by a commitment to an
architecture that is economical with the (built and natu-
ral) environment. This building not only offers an exem-
plary working environment in its passive control of
energy consumption, but at the same time it redefines an
architecture in which the value of sensuous space is
reassessed.
-Sauerbruch Hutton Architects
Energy Impact: The GSW Headquarters should be
highlighted, showing the relationship between building form,
solar orientation and facade design. The 22-story slim-slab,
with a maximum plan depth of 11.5m, is oriented towards
east and west, with two main facades having completely
distinctive design solutions, however, they function together to
provide appropriate daylight and natural ventilation.
-Environmental Performance of Tall Buildings
Financial Impact: 30-40% energy savings cost compared to a
traditional building of similar stats. This comes in the form of
replacing artificial light with day lighting as well as from using
natural ventilation for conditioning needs.
- ARUP
Programmatic Impact: So the new ensemble responds as
much to the baroque logic of the street plan as it does to the
rules of nineteenth-century urbanism, and it also absorbs the
object-like quality of the 1950s tower and registers the
congregational space which had developed between the
high-rises either side of the Berlin Wall. In this combination of
the disparate spatial configurations of consecutive generations,
the new high-rise slab is the element associated with the
present and the future.
-Sauerbruch Hutton Architects
i
Diagram displaying the original building and the additional
western building block.
Diagram displaying the climatic effects of the new addition.
The operable facade draws air though the existing structure
into the thermal chimney created along the outer facade
Axonometric view with original 1950s building in grey and
the additions color coated. The idea was to create an
addition that was responsive to the existing urban fabric.
This view from the distance shows the substantial impact
the addition and renovation had on the Berlin skyline.
At the human scale, the operable double facade is shown.
level of renovation
environment
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Key Element: Facade Alteration
This series of diagrams demonstrates the western towers ability to regulate
its environment through the use of natural systems. Clockwise from top left:
(1) The double facade system on both east and west facades creates a
thermal buffer between the interior an exterior when cross vents are closed.
(2) The direction of cool air in the summer along the slabs keeps them cool. (3)
The western most facade acts as a thermal chimney, creating a vacuum that
draws in air through the building to work as natural ventilation system. The
wing along the tops helps to increase the strength of this pull, as well as direct
the venting air. (4) The operable facade on both sides allows for tight control
of natural day lighting.
Detail of building top with wing to facilitate air flow via Bernoulli forces. Inset
of wing in section.
Detail of interior operable facade. These vents can be adjusted to control the
amount of ventilation through a particular part of the building.
buffer zones (1)
sun protection (4)
thermal mass - summer (2)
cross ventilation - open plan (3)
European Environment Agency Headquarters
Location: Copenhagen
Original Construction Year: Unknown
Renovation Architect: Johanna Rossbach
Renovation Year: 2010
The EEA Living Faade wants to illustrate the
significance of vertical gardens as urban green areas.
These areas represent a backbone for human health,
biodiversity and ecosystem services in cities. For most
urban dwellers, the perception of "greenery" in or nearby
their cities is an integral part of what constitutes the
'quality of life'. Indeed urban green can improve air
quality and noise conditions. Despite being highly
artificial, urban areas can, by intelligent design, offer
additional habitats, maintaining ecosystem services and
thus limit the ecological footprint of cities.
-European Environment Agency
Energy Impact: Increased solar shading in the hottest months
of Copenhagens warm, dry summers. This would allow for
the reduction of some mechanical cooling. Planted with
indigenous greenery as opposed to foreign species.
Financial Impact: Possible energy savings returns from
reduced heating bill. True value most likely comes from
added value of landscaping in areas that could previously
not be landscaped.
Programmatic Impact: Approaching the term biodiversity we
came up with the idea of creating a living construct reflecting
seasonal change. We faced some challenging parameters:
technically, botanically and in terms of design. We had to meet
the plants needs for water, nutrition, sunlight and a stable base
for their roots in order to make them grow successfully on a
faade, in an urban surrounding, in the Scandinavian climate
and forming the shape of a map of Europe.
- Johanna Rossbach
A sophisticated, load-bearing, hanging steel structure
developed by Peter Lund Christensen from Rambll carries a felt
pocket system mounted on plywood, which will hold the plants.
The irrigation system that waters each individual plant is
integrated into the felt system. The pockets hold the soil and
roots of 5000 plants in total and are organized to represent the
complex map of Europe as a vertical garden. The plant species
have been carefully selected by botanists from KU LIFE and it
will be possible to follow their growth throughout the summer
and autumn.
Here, the interaction between the facade and the existing
structure can be seen at the human scale. The living facade
increases not only the opportunity to control solar gain, but
also enhances the programmatic experience of the offices.
At full building scale, The ability of the facade to impact the
streetscape is seen. Not only is the facade imbued with new
expressionistic opportunities, but also an increased level of
engagement with street level.
Detail of connection to the existing structure. The erected
living facade draws off of the existing architecture for
structural support. In this case, a balcony is seen as an
opportunity for anchoring.
Summer: Full bloom helps reduce solar gain.
Winter: Dormant plants allow natural heating
level of renovation
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Detail: Section demonstrating key parts of living wall
construction.
Diagram of programmatic impact at street level. The inviting
addition of greenery as well as the ability to mitigate the
urban heat island effect and facilitate the creation of a more
pleasant microclimate at the local level is a main draw.
The construction process is fast, inexpensive and relatively
easy, making the installation appealing as a possible
temporary or mobile addition.
Key Element: Facade Alteration
University of Toledo Memorial Field House
Location: Toledo, OH
Original Architect: Mills, Rhines, Bellman and Nordhoff, Inc.
Original Construction Year: 1931
Renovation Architect: BHDP Architecture
Renovation Year: 2006 - 2009
We welcomed the challenge to transform the University
of Toledo's 75 year old Memorial Field House into a
state-of-the-art classroom facility serving the College of
Arts and Sciences. The design had to be flexible enough
to accommodate a variety of teaching and learning
methodologies, to create an environment to foster
collaboration, and still respect the structure's historic
legacy as one of the University's oldest campus land-
marks.
-BHDP Architecture
Energy Impact: The university, known for its research in
alternative energy and commitment to sustainability, received
a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold
rating in July from the U.S. Green Building Council for the
Memorial Field House. More than 50 percent of construction
debris was recycled and otherwise diverted from landfills,
including tons of concrete from the former gymnasium's
bleachers that is now being utilized by nearby Owens
Community College for fire and police rescue scenario training.
New energy-efficient, automated heating, ventilation and air
conditioning systems were installed, and a large skylight
allows sunlight to brighten the building. The building also
houses a chill water plant that cools more than half of UT's
campus.
-Environmental Design & Construction, Sept 2009
Financial Impact: The placement of two custom air handlers,
instead of an originally planned six, resulted in approximately
$600,000 in savings. The renovation will allow the university
to meet its classroom needs through 2020 for low cost of
$160/sf. The atrium lighting and automated HVAC and
lighting system have greatly reduced energy cost. The use of
the original structure also saved on initial capital costs.
Programmatic Impact: The dilapidated auditorium was
transformed into between 40 and 50 classrooms (flex space)
plus faculty offices. Featured interior elements include an
Academic Sidewalk of terrazzo flooring leading a three-story
central Town Square space. Topped with a generously sized
skylight, the Town Square will give the building's interior an
open feeling and allow students and faculty to gather and
socialize. Classrooms and labs were designed with a focus on
flexibility and state-of-the-art technology to accommodate the
latest in teaching and learning methods.
Before the renovation. This project provided a challenge
in that many aspects of the original auditorium were
desired to be kept relatively unchanged. The facade was
preserved, as well as much of the original structural
system, such as the steel and wood trusses. Preservation
of these elements contributed not only to the historic
value but also LEED Gold accreditation.
After the renovation. The original facade can still be seen,
as well as the addition of the large atrium sky light.
This interior view displays the large amount of daylight
now utilized by the interior. Combined with an
automated motion sensor lighting system, the university
as been able to greatly reduce the building's energy costs.
Another view demonstrating the efficient lighting solution,
as well as carpeting with a low level of VOCs.
A large amount of the building's original materials were
recycled into either the renovation or into other buildings.
level of renovation
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Interior view shows the dramatic change of program, from an auditorium and gym into a teaching complex housing
modern classrooms and offices.
While not inspiring any programmatic or aesthetic changes, a new state of the art chiller allowed the university to save a
large amount of money on its cooling bill. In fact, the new chiller plant became the main cooling provider for half of the
campus, having an effect on energy savings beyond the reach of the building itself.
Diagram displaying the effects of the atrium skylight on both lighting and program
Key Element: Void additon and
mechanical systems
Columbia building intelligenCe ProjeCt
integrated design studio - sPring 2011
Phase one: building adaPtation researCh
7 february 2011
Phase one: building adaptation research
Anh Minh Ngo
the denver dry goods building
denver, Colorado
Mixed-use, mixed-income, downtown regeneration
adaptive reuse is the process by which structurally sound
older buildings are developed for economically viable new uses.
uli
Pier 1
san francisco, California
Office building, waterfront development
the gallup building
Washington, dC
Office building, urban regeneration
history progrAM developMeNt
process
costs &
fiNANciNg
7 february 2011
denver, colorado
Project type: Mixed-use, downtown regeneration
Original Architect: frank d. edbrooks
Year built: 1888
Owner: denver Urban renewal Authority (dUrA)
Developer: Affordable housing development corporation (Ahdc)
Architect of renovation: Urban design group
Development schedule: 1993 - 1999
1888 three-story structure
designed by frank d. edbrooks
1898 a fourth story added to
the original structure
1906 a six-story addition
constructed adjacent
to the original building
1924 additional two stories
on top of the original building
1987-1993 the building is vacant
1988 denver urban renewal authority
(dura) purchased the building
1993-1999 buildings adaptive reuse into a
mixed-use, mixed-income development
for nearly 100 years the denver dry goods department
store served as the retail heart of downtown denver. Built in 1888
and added onto three times over the years, the 350,000-square-
foot denver dry was the citys premier department store for
generations of denver residents. But fortunes change, and in
1987 the building was sold and the store closed.
With the beloved denver dry facing reincarnation as
a parking lot, the denver Urban renewal Authority (dUrA)
stepped in and purchased the building in 1988. After several
false starts, dUrA selected the Affordable housing develop-
ment corporation (Ahdc) as project developer, and together,
dUrA and Ahdc have managed to resurrect the denver dry,
fashioning it into a vibrant mixed-use project of affordable and
market rate housing, retail, and office space.
process
costs &
fiNANciNg
7 february 2011
denver, colorado
Year built: 1888
RESIDENCE
125,000 sqf
56.5 %
for-sale lofts
34 %
affordable housing
9.5%
market-rate housing
OFFICE
30,000 sqf
RETAIL
115,000 sqf
TOTAL: 350,000 SQF
program section
Basement
first floor
second floor
third floor
fourth floor
fifth floor
sixth floor
for - rent
housing
for - sale
housing
}
}
CIRCULA-
TION
& COMMON
AREAS
80,000 sqf
the denver dry Building is a mixed-use, mixed-income
project, jointly conceived by the denver Urban renewal Authori-
ty (dUrA) and the Affordable housing development corporation
(Ahdc) that combines affordable and market-rate housing, re-
tail shops, and office space. retail and office spaces are located
on the lower floors of both buildings, while housing is located on
the upper floors.
denver drys housing solution includes a rental compo-
nent of 40 Affordable housing units and 11 Market-rate apart-
ments, and a for-sale component of 66 Market-rate condomini-
ums.
process
costs &
fiNANciNg
7 february 2011
denver, colorado
Year built: 1888
PHASE III
1997 - 1999
77,000 sqf
PHASE II
1993 -1994
50,000 sqf
PHASE I
Jan - Oct 1993
143,000 sqf
CIRCULA-
TION
& COMMON
AREAS
80,000 sqf
Parcel 3
AHDC
AHDC
Denver Dry
Retail L.P.
Denver Dry
Retail L.P. II
Denver Building
Housing Ltd.
Denver Dry
Dvlpmnt Corporation
Federal National
Mortgage
Association
dUrAs non-profit
developer
owner / developer
developer
phase i parcel 1
phase ii
public
private
public Affiliate
private Affiliate
phase iii
phase i parcel 2
phase i parcel 3 DURA
BCORP
Holdings, Inc.
BCORP
Holdings, Inc.
Parcel 2
Parcel 1 Parcel 5
Parcel 6
development phases
development structure
TOTAL: 350,000 SQF
the plan that ultimately took shape provided for three
development phases, of which two have been completed. phase
i consisted of 51 units of affordable and market-rate housing,
73,370 square feet of retail space, and 28,780 square feet of
office space. phase ii consisted of an additional 42,000 square
feet of retail space, and phase iii, now in the planning stage, is
expected to provide 77,000 square feet of housing and office
space.
process
costs &
fiNANciNg
7 february 2011
31%
Soft Costs
$14,800,000
42.6%
Public
Funding
$20,325,000
42.4%
Private
Loans
$20,240,000
15%
Private
Equity
16%
Site
$7,500,000
53%
Construction
Costs
$25,430,000
TOTAL DEVELOPMENT COST: $47,730,000
twenty-three separate sources of
funding were pieced together to
finance the development.
sources of funds
denver, colorado
Year built: 1888
the key to the denver drys resurrection was an echo
of its past: just as the building was built in increments, so its
reconstruction and reuse were accomplished piece by piece.
the mammoth structure was broken down, figuratively and le-
gally, into smaller condominium units to provide for more man-
ageable and financeable packages of development. in these
smaller pieces, separate housing, retail, and office units could
be planned and then variously bundled together into financing
and construction packages.

twenty-three separate sources of funding were pieced
together to finance the several uses and phases of the project.
financing sources included pension funds, state bond issues,
tax increment bonds, U.s. department of housing and Urban
development grants (urban development action grants), and the
sale of low-income housing and historic tax credits, as well as
loans and equity investments from public agencies and private
nonprofits, private bank loans, and developer equity.
process
costs &
fiNANciNg
7 february 2011
1932 built as a warehouse and
loading dock for the
C&h sugar Company
1936 before the bay bridge era,
passenger ferries used Pier 1 for embarkation
1960s C&h sugar stopped using Pier 1
1965 Pier 1 was being used as a parking garage
for downtown commuters
1989 loma Prieta earthquake
1990 - 1997 Waterfront land use Plan proposed
the redevelopment of 7.5 miles of
sf s bayfront
pier 1 exterior view
the ferry Building Waterfront subarea
Pier 1
san francisco, california
Project type: office Building, Waterfront development
Original Architect: N/A
Year built: 1932
Owner: port of san francisco
Developer: AMB corporation
Architect of renovation: sMWM
Built as a warehouse and loading dock for the c&h
sugar company in 1932, the 770-foot-long (235-meter-long)
steel-trussed railroad shed, with a footprint of 90,000 square
feet (8,361 square meters), sits on a finger pier jutting out into
the harbor. A railroad sidetrack ran the length of the warehouse,
connecting to the spur along embarcadero street.
pier 1 hosted other uses that shifted with the fortunes
of commercial shipping. Before the Bay Bridge era, passenger
ferries used pier 1 for embarkation. After World War ii, cargo
handling shifted to containerization, which favored large, open
yards available elsewhere along the harbor, over enclosed ware-
houses. c&h sugar stopped using pier 1 in the 1960s, and
by 1965, it was being used as a parking garage for downtown
commuters.
the loma prieta earthquake in 1989 opened up a lot
of land in downtown, prompting the city to reconsider its rela-
tionship with the historic harbor. Begun in 1990 and completed
in 1997, the Waterfront land Use plan recommended greater
public access, open spaces, and the preservation of views and
historic buildings.
process
costs &
fiNANciNg
7 february 2011
65%
Building
Footprint
87,120 sq ft
Port of
San Francisco
52,000 sq ft
AMB Property
Corp.
40,000 sq ft
Tenant 3
38,000 sq ft
Tenant 4
22,000 sq ft
35%
Open Space
48,000 sq ft
TOTAL
SITE AREA:
135,000 SQ FT
NET LEASABLE
AREA:
140,000 SQ FT
50-year
ground lease
to AMB
36% of GBA
leased to the
port authority
}
}
Pier 1
* no land acquisition cost - 50-year ground lease
TOTAL DEVELOPMENT COST: $49,600,000
25%
Soft Costs
12,400,000
75%
Construction
Costs
$37,200,000
75%
Private
Equity
$37,200,000
16%
Public
Funding
$8,000,000
9%
Private
Loans
$4,400,000
Original Architect:
Year built: 1932
Owner: city of san francisco
Developer: AMB property inc.
Architect of renovation:
in May 1998, AMB and its team of sMWM (architect)
and Nibbi Brothers (contractor) reached an agreement to devel-
op the property in exchange for a 50-year ground lease, with the
port authority leasing back 52,000 square feet (4,831 square
meters) at $40 per square foot ($431 per square meter).
A factor in AMBs winning development rights in 1998
was the firms willingness to complete the project without a
need for a construction loan. AMB recaptured some of its equity
by financing the $8 million historic tax credit through Bank of
America historic ventures, and by taking a commercial mort-
gage from cigNA investments, inc., based on revenue streams
from the property.
process
costs &
fiNANciNg
7 february 2011
Waterfront Acceptable
Landuse Table
* state law prohibits the residential or commercial use of waterfront properties
* use as offices for maritime operations was permitted
* 30% of the project could have nonmaritime uses incidental to maritime offices
Pier 1
Original Architect:
Year built: 1932
state law prohibits the residential or commercial use of
waterfront properties, though use as offices by maritime opera-
tions was permitted. the rfp had assured potential bidders that
30 percent of the project could have nonmaritime uses inciden-
tal to maritime offices, but that threshold was inadequate for a
profitable venture in pier 1s case.
Mezzanine addition
Building footprint
public Access
Mezzanine
process
costs &
fiNANciNg
7 february 2011
* Comply with the historic preservation guidelines to gain
20% of the cost of construction in federaltax credit
* Preserve the building as a maritime resource by providing
public access to the property
* according to pro forma, need to increase leasable area by 50%
the process of obtaining entitlements is likened to
throwing a piece of thread through the eyes of about 12 needles
pier 1 plan
canopy dimensions public Access through the property
Pier 1
Original Architect:
Year built: 1932
the developer negotiated with the state to preserve the
building as a maritime resource by providing public access
to the property and by complying with the arduous guidelines
necessary to gain historic preservation tax credits. the first step
was to list pier 1 on the National register of historic places,
completed in 1999, which allowed the developer to obtain 20
percent of the cost of construction in federal tax credits, amount-
ing to over $8 million of the $42 million construction cost.
to satisfy its own pro forma, the developer had to in-
crease the leasable area by at least 50 percent. creating a second
floor by raising the roof not only would have violated the citys
40-foot (12.2-meter) ceiling height restriction in the waterfront
zone, but also would have altered the exterior appearance, vio-
lating the National registers guidelines and jeopardizing the tax
credits AMB was counting on. the development team instead
created an additional 50,000-square-foot (4,645-square-meter)
interior area by floating a new partial mezzanine set six feet (1.8
meters) in from the exterior walls, allowing light to penetrate the
building width.
Before
After
process
costs &
fiNANciNg
7 february 2011
1867 old masonic temple was a premier
social hall in Washington
1908 freemasons moved out into grander space
1921 - 1971 owned by the julius lansburgh furniture Company
1971 bought by parking lot magnate domenic antonelli, jr.,
the edifice was to be demolished
and turned into surface parking lot
1971 - 1997 the edifice remained vacant until the development
the gallup building
Washington, dc
Project type: office Building, Urban regeneration
Original Architect:
Year built: 1867
Owner: icg llc. & Karchem properties inc.
Developer: Karchem properties inc.
Architect of renovation: Martinez & Johnson Architecture
the gallup Building is a speculative office building proj-
ect that combines historic preservation of a significant landmark
structure, the old Masonic temple, and construction of an ad-
jacent, complementary eight-story office building. the complex
adds 147,000 square feet (13,656 square meters) to a down-
town area that is experiencing a revival of desired nighttime
activity and that is extending the contiguous downtown district
eastward. the developer displayed fortuitous timing and mar-
keting savvy in waiting for a lead tenant before commencing
construction. the lead tenant, the gallup organizationknown
for its name-brand public opinion pollssecured the projects
naming rights by virtue of its occupation of four floors and over
half of the leasable space.
site plan
interior Atrium
process
costs &
fiNANciNg
7 february 2011
Building
Footprint
22,650 sq ft
Gallup
Organization
61,000 sq ft
Other
Tenants
34,000 sq ft
Unerground
Parking /
Common Area
52,000 sq ft
TOTAL
SITE AREA:
22,650 SQ FT
GBA: 147,000 sq ft
NET LEASABLE
AREA:
95,000 SQ FT
the gallup building
Washington, dc
Original Architect:
Year built: 1867

the project is about half the size of an average down-
town Washington development project. the combination of a
small floor plate and a common-space atrium generates a high
proportion of expensive building perimeter. to boost financial
returns, the project was developed to qualify for historic preser-
vation tax credits valued at $1.5 million. Adjacent building own-
ers joined the project to create a single record lot to add density
to the project, thereby increasing rental income and generating
transferable development rights to be sold for everyones ben-
efit.
TOTAL DEVELOPMENT COST:
$33,000,000
21%
Soft Costs
$6,930,000
70%
Construction
Costs
$20,800,000
9%
Site
$3,000,000
Transfer of Development Right (TDR)
process
costs &
fiNANciNg
7 february 2011
$4,000,000
antonellis group sold tdr to another owner
in the receiving zone for over $4 mil
sold for
$3 mil to
iCg llC
& Karchem
Properties inc.
1978
1997
1997
1. bought adjacent building to control growth
of nearby buildings on the block
2. Purchased the tdrs of buildings farther
west on f street to keep their properties at
their current densities and to recoup the al-
lowable far for the temple site.
the gallup building
Washington, dc
Original Architect:
Year built: 1867
As part of the citys 1978 preservation law, the zoning
ordinance allowed owners of historic property to transfer de-
velopment rights, i.e., selling unused zoning densities from one
site to another, freeing proceeds to offset preservation costs.
Antonellis group was able to sell the combined parcels tdr to
another owner in a receiving zone for over $4 million. With the
proceeds, the temple ownership hired Mary oehrlein and As-
sociates, a d.c.-based architecture firm specializing in historic
preservation, to oversee the structures restoration.
Antonellis group, facing bankruptcy, eventually sold the
property for $3 million in 1997 to infrastructure capital group
(icg) with Karchem properties inc. Karchem took an equity
stake in the project, and bought the next-door property, 911 f
street, for $1.45 million to control the growth of nearby buildings
on the block. And in an interesting twist on the tdr process,
Karchem purchased the tdrs of two two-story retail buildings
farther west on f street to keep their properties at their current
densities and to recoup the allowable floor/area ratio (fAr) for
the temple site that had been transferred by its previous owner.
Seasonal Design Strategies
CLI MATI C STRATEGI ES
A
PROMOTE
GAIN
RESIST
GAIN
RESIST
LOSS
PROMOTE
GAIN
W
I
N
T
E
R
S
U
M
M
E
R
C
O
N
T
R
O
L

S
T
R
A
T
E
G
I
E
S
Minimize Conductive
Heat Flow
Minimize Infiltration
Minimize External
Air Flow
Promote Solar
Gain
Minimize Conductive
Heat Flow
Minimize Conductive
Heat Flow
Promote Ventilation
Minimize Infiltration
Minimize Solar
Gain
Promote
Radiant Cooling
Promote Evaporative
Cooling
CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION EVAPORATION
From Climatic Building Design: Energy-Efficient Building
Principles and Practices - Donald Watson
Design Techniques
From Climatic Building Design: Energy-Efficient Building
Principles and Practices - Donald Watson
CLI MATI C PRI NCI PLES
B
WIND BREAKS SOLAR WALLS & WINDOWS NATURAL VENTILATION EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER THERNAL ENVELOPE SUN SHADING WATER RETENTION
1
Year - 2005
Architect - Opsis Architects (Portland)
Location - Portland, Oregon
LOVEJOY OFFI CE BUI LDI NG
INDOOR / OUTDOOR ROOMS
WIND BREAKS
SOLAR WALLS & WINDOWS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
The Lovej oy Bui l di ng i n Por t l and, Or egons Sl abt own ar ea i s a LEED Gol d r enovat i on of t he 1910 Mar shal l Wel l s St abl e
Bui l di ng. Opsi s Ar chi t ect ur e, who occupi es t he of f i ces on t he upper f l oor , desi gned t he r enovat i on whi l e keepi ng i n
mi nd an expansi on and ver t i cal addi t i on t o t he bui l di ng, as wel l , accommodat i ng t he gr owt h of bot h t enant s.
- Br i cks wer e ext r act ed t o enl ar ge t he wi ndow openi ng f or mor e dayl i ght and t hen used i n t he gar age as por ous paves
t hat al l ow l eakage f r om bi kes and car s t o t r i ckl e back i nt o t he gr ound
- Twent y phot ovol t ai c panel s on t he r oof gener at e 2,400 wat t s of el ect r i ci t y f or t he of f i ces use
- New pour ed-i n-pl ace, hi gh f l y-ash concr et e per i met er wal l s and a new concr et e f l oor syst em adds t o t he t her mal
mass of t he bui l di ng
- In f l oor cr oss-l i nked pol yet hyl ene (PEX) pi pe hydr oni c syst em was sel ect ed t o pr ovi de t he bui l di ngs pr i mar y heat i ng
and cool i ng syst em, coupl ed wi t h an i nt egr at ed nat ur al vent i l at i on st r at egy usi ng wi ndows, skyl i ght s, and vent i l at or s
- mi l l i ng ext r act ed wood j oi st s f or r euse as st ai r r i ser s and t r eads
- di gi t al syst em modul at ed l i ght i ng accor di ng t o l evel s, wi t h zoned phot ocel l sensor s l ocat ed on t he open of f i ce cei l i ng
- Aut omat ed sunshades on t he west f ace of t he bui l di ng ar e cont r ol l ed by phot ocel l s set t o an ast r onomi cal cl ock and
bl ock unwant ed l i ght and heat gai ns
- di oxi de sensor s i n t he of f i ce hel p cont r ol t he amount of r equi r ed vent i l at i on i n t he space
- Cei l i ng f ans ar e l ocat ed t hr oughout t he open st udi o and i mpr ove human comf or t per cept i ons wi t h l ess ener gy and
sound t han t he t ypi cal f or ced-ai r syst ems
- Renovat i ons skyl i ght s wer e pl aced wher e pr oposed st r uct ur al col umns woul d be l ocat ed and t he skyl i ght s ar e t hen t o
be r eused i n t he addi t i on r oof
- a new st ai r cor e act i ng as a buoyant st ack ext ends t he l ogi c of t he ai r , wat er , l i ght , and heat ener gy st r at egi es of t he
r enovat i on
- A veget at ed r oof and wat er ci st er n wi l l manage st or m wat er on t he si t e
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
The r et r of i t of t he exi st i ng 1910 l oad bear i ng br i ck
st r uct ur e r equi r ed a maj or sei smi c upgr ade. The
ar chi t ect s used t he r enovat i on as an oppor t uni t y f or an
i nt egr at ed r esponse t o advanced st r uct ur al upgr ades,
enhanced user t her mal comf or t , and i mpr oved ener gy
per f or mance. The sol ut i on was t o add t o t he t her mal
mass of t he bui l di ng wi t h new pour ed-i n-pl ace, hi gh f l y-
ash concr et e per i met er wal l s and a new concr et e f l oor
syst em. An i n f l oor cr oss-l i nked pol yet hyl ene (PEX)
pi pe hydr oni c syst em was sel ect ed t o pr ovi de t he bui l d-
i ngs pr i mar y heat i ng and cool i ng syst em
NEW INTERIOR CONCRETE WALL
High fly ash shear wall
NEW INSULATION
High R value rigid insulation
NEWLY POURED INTERIOR CONCRETE
radiant tubing imbed
NEW SUSTAINABLE RENOVATIONS
ORIGIONAL WALL SECTION NEW RENOVATED WALL SECTION WINDOW TRANSFORMATIONS
INTERIOR DAY LIGHTING
1
Year - 2005
Architect - Opsis Architects (Portland)
Location - Portland, Oregon
LOVEJOY OFFI CE BUI LDI NG
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
The Mast er Pl an f or t he Si dwel l Fr i ends School , compl et ed i n 2001, out l i nes a phased t r ansf or mat i on
of t he di spar at e col l ect i on of bui l di ngs on t he Wi sconsi n Avenue campus i nt o a physi cal
demonst r at i on of t he school s val ues, f ounded i n Quaker pr i nci pl e. Devel opment i s f ocused on r e-
est abl i shi ng t he l andscape as a uni f yi ng cont ext wi t hi n whi ch exi st i ng bui l di ngs and st r at egi cal l y
si t ed addi t i ons f or m a pur posef ul and ar t i cul at e whol e.
The Mi ddl e School r enovat i on and addi t i on t r ansf or ms an awkwar dl y-si t ed, under si zed, f i f t y-year -
ol d f aci l i t y i nt o an ext er i or and i nt er i or t eachi ng l andscape. The Mi ddl e School pr oj ect has been
awar ded LEED(t m) Pl at i num cer t i f i cat i on as a demonst r at i on of Si dwel l Fr i ends commi t ment
t o envi r onment al st ewar dshi p t hr ough hi gh-per f or mance bui l di ng desi gn and oper at i ons. The
l andscape and bui l di ng wi l l co-exi st wi t hi n, and demonst r at e, a br oader net wor k of syst ems. Human
syst ems - our i nt er -r el at i onshi ps wi t h r esour ces - ar e embodi ed by t he l andscape and bui l di ng as
nat ur al syst ems. The syst em i t sel f , r at her t han a r epr esent at i on, i s t he et hi c r ender ed aest het i c.
Year - 2001
Architect - Kieran Timberlake (Philadelphia)
2
Location - Washington DC
SI DWELL FRI ENDS SCHOOL
Year - 2001
2
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
Sol ar chi mneys, desi gned f or massi ve vent i l at i on, ser ve
t he speci al t y cl assr ooms i n t he addi t i on. Sout h-f aci ng
gl azi ng at t he t ops of t he shaf t s heat t he ai r wi t hi n,
cr eat i ng a convect i on cur r ent t hat dr aws cool er ai r
i n t hr ough nor t h-f aci ng open wi ndows. Por t al s i n t he
shaf t ways wi t hi n t he bui l di ng demonst r at e t he oper a-
t i on and ef f ect i veness of t he passi ve cool i ng syst ems
wi t h wi ndshi mes t hat moves wi t h t he br eeze. The sol ar
chi mneys ar e al so i nt ended t o be used i n mechani cal
vent i l at i on and ai r -condi t i oni ng modes, demonst r at i ng
t he r esponsi veness of bot h passi ve and act i ve syst ems
t o l ocal cl i mat e.
The bui l di ng i s a compass, r eveal i ng or i ent at i on
t hr ough t he conf i gur at i on of ext er i or sunscr eens.
At t he nor t h no scr eeni ng i s needed and nor t h-
f aci ng wi ndows f ul l y admi t di f f use l i ght . At t he sout h
scr eeni ng i s most ef f ect i ve when pl aced hor i zont al l y
above wi ndows. At t he east and west ver t i cal
sunscr eens keep out gl ar e when t he sun i s l ow.
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
Col l ect i ng Wat er
The col l ect i on and di ver si on of r ai nwat er at t he bui l di ng
demonst r at es t he i nt er connect i on and compl exi t y of
t he nat ur al wat er shed. Rai nwat er i s hel d and f i l t er ed
t hr ough t he veget at ed r oof on t he addi t i on. Al l wat er
on bot h exi st i ng and new wi ngs i s di ver t ed t o t he
cour t yar d si de of t he bui l di ng. A ser i es of scupper s,
open downspout s and gut t er s, f l ow f or ms and spi l l ways
di r ect r ai nwat er t o a bi ol ogy pond whi ch wi l l suppor t
nat i ve habi t at adj acent t o t he cour t yar d ent r y at t he
l ow poi nt of t he si t e, j ust as t he Rock Cr eek wat er shed
f l ows t hr ough t he hi ghl ands down t o t he Pot omac.
The cour t yar d i s devel oped as a const r uct ed wet l and
desi gned t o r ecycl e wast ewat er f r om t he bui l di ng
f or r euse. The wet l and t akes t he f or m of t er r aced
r i ce paddi es i n r esponse t he t opogr aphy of t he si t e.
The nat ur al syst em i s a demonst r at i on of t he f ood-
wast e-f ood cycl e, as mi cr o-or gani sms decompose t he
wast ewat er as i t moves t hr ough t he wet l and.
Year - 2001
2
3
Year - 2004
Architect - dRMM (UK)
Location - London, England
KI NGSDALE SCHOOL
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
Bui l t i n t he 1959, t he or i gi nal Ki ngsdal e School bui l di ng has been t r ansf or med t hr ough t he addi t i on
of a cover of ETFE pi l l ows over t he cent r al cour t yar d, cr eat i ng a new i nt er nal communal ar ea. Thi s
houses a l i br ar y, di ni ng ar ea, IT f aci l i t i es and a 300-seat audi t or i um. Thi s pr oj ect mar ks a key poi nt
i n Br i t i sh school desi gn - t he use of ETFE r oof s has become al most obl i gat or y. dRMM have al so bui l t
a new musi c hal l and gymnasi um t o accompany t he now i coni c cent r al space. In t he musi c school ,
wi ndows ar e r out ed out of t he mass t i mber wal l s wi t h t he cut -out s t hen used t o f or m t abl es bel ow.
The ef f ect i s a wonder f ul mi x of shapes and r ays of l i ght t hat change and move wi t h t he sun. The
spor t s hal l s dr amat i c beams r ot at e ar ound an i nvi si bl e axi s r esembl i ng an Escher dr awi ng. Al l
achi eved wi t hout compr omi si ng t he spaces pur pose as a pl ace of spor t .
Wi t hi n t hi s l ar gest space ever cr eat ed i n a Br i t i sh school , l ear ni ng goes beyond t he cur r i cul um
and i ncl udes a musi c per f or mance and ci nema audi t or i um, a 1,200 st udent assembl y ar ea, and
di ni ng f aci l i t i es cool enough t o chi l l i n. Aer i al wal kways, br i dge and st ai r s make new ci r cul at i on
connect i ons. Usef ul ar t by At el i er pr ovi des audi t or i um ser vi ces. It has been desi gned so t hat
i n t he f ut ur e i t wi l l be possi bl e t o change f ur ni t ur e l ayout s t o adapt t o usi ng mor e comput er s i n
educat i on, and t o accommodat e di f f er ent pedagogi es. The school has i nst i gat ed an over haul of i t s
i nt er nal spaces. They have f or med new br eakout spaces t hat make bet t er use of f or mer cor r i dor
spaces.
Exi st i ng l ong cor r i dor s wer e r emoved and r epl aced wi t h t he cent r al communal space. The scheme
uses i nt el l i gent ETFE cushi ons, pr i nt ed wi t h geomet r i c pat t er ns. When a pi l l ow i s i nf l at ed, t he
pat t er ns on t he t wo l ower l eaves st r et ch apar t t o admi t l i ght . When def l at ed, t he pat t er ns cl ose
t oget her t o shut out l i ght . The audi t or i um i s a t i mber space f r ame cl ad i nt er nal l y and ext er nal l y i n
t r i angul ar pl y panel s. The l i br ar y occupi es t he space under neat h t he audi t or i um. IT f aci l i t i es occupy
t he l owest space i n t he wedge f or med bet ween f l oor and sof f i t , maxi mi si ng t he useabl e f l oor space
i n t he l i br ar y. The musi c l abs ar e mass t i mber wal l s. Shaped wi ndows have been cut out of t he
t i mber and t he cut out s have been used t o make t he musi c r oom f ur ni t ur e.
The 3200m2 ETFE r oof i s an i nt egr al par t of t he
vent i l at i on st r at egy. The cour t yar d space i s nat ur al l y
vent i l at ed t hr ough ETFE cl er est or ey wi ndows. A
subsequent phase of wor ks has been t o cr eat e a new
musi c bl ock and spor t s hal l , usi ng sol i d mass t i mber
panel s. Thi s pr ef abr i cat ed const r uct i on syst em i s
ecol ogi cal l y sound, dr y and f ast - t he spor t s hal l
super st r uct ur e was er ect ed i n onl y f our weeks. The
t i mber panel st r uct ur e i s hi ghl y i nsul at ed.
Heavy r ai nf al l on t he ETFE cushi ons cr eat es a l oud
per cussi ve noi se t hat makes conver sat i on di f f i cul t .
Ther e i s st i l l over heat i ng i n t he cl assr ooms and t he
cent r al ar ea despi t e t he i nt el l i gent ETFE cushi ons.
Bot h of t hese i ssues wer e ant i ci pat ed at desi gn st age.
The school s col l ect i ve deci si on was i n f avour of
economy, deci di ng t o l i ve and wor k wi t h t hese nat ur al
phenomena.
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
WIND BREAKS
NATURAL VENTILATION
EARTH SHELTERING
PLANTS & WATER
THERNAL ENVELOPE
SUN SHADING
WATER RETENTION
3
Year - 2004
Architect - dRMM (UK)
Location - London, England
KI NGSDALE SCHOOL
COLUMBI A BUI LDI NG I NTELLI GENCE PROJECT
I NTEGRATED DESI GN STUDI O _ SPRI NG 2011
PRECEDENT RESEARCH PRESENTATI ON
CHRI S GEI ST
SCOTT MARBLE, I NSTRUCTOR
02/ 07/ 2011
SYNTHe Green Roof Prot ot ype Tour Bois- le- Prt re Edit h Green/ Wendell Wyat t
Federal Building
CHRI S GEI ST
02/ 07/ 2011
ENERGY_ENVI RONMENT
product ion
filt rat ion
sust ainable cycle
passive syst ems
act ive syst ems
PROGRAM
added
ehanced
FI NACI AL_VALUE
overall
t imeline

SYNTHe Green Roof Prot ot ype
Locat i on:
Ar chi t ect :
Year :
Col l abor at or s:
Cl i ent s:
750 Garland Ave., Los Angeles, CA
Alexis Rocha: I / O Archit ect s
2010
SCI _Arc Design- Build Research Laborat ory
Bruce Danziger, Arup, Los Angeles ( engineer)
LA Communit y Garden Council ( landscaping)
Terence Toy, Garden Curat or
Bret Mosher, MKT
The Flat
Blue Velvet Rest aurant
The SYNTHe Green Roof is a prot ot ype developed
t o reclaim t he rooft op of exist ing st ruct ures. The
overall surface is art iculat ed as t o clear all
exist ing mechanical equipment on t he roof:
HVAC, vent ilat ion and fire cont rol syst ems, while
providing a 100% usable surface t iered as t o
receive maximum solar exposure. The formal
and physical out comes imply a slow rolling
art ificial t errain act ivat ing pot ent ial for organic
food product ion, provision of a social gat hering
space, help filt er pollut ant s, increase t hermal
insulat ion of t he roof and manage st orm wat er
runoff. The Green Roof has a surface area of
3000 square feet , 75 feet above ground.
CONSTRUCTI ON:
Prefabricat ed syst em composed of t hree main
element s:
1: A slip- on st ruct ural met al framework
negot iat ing t he span bet ween a complex and
formless concret e roof,
2: A specialized recycled plywood subst ruct ure
qualifying t he cross sect ion of t he proj ect
3: A galvanized sheet - met al cladding alt ernat ing
as plant er liners and lost formwork for cast in
place concret e t iles.
PROGRAM
Reclaim rooft op t o a 100% usable surface:
The GreenRoof has a surface area of 3000 sqft ,
t he proj ect bounding box: 90ft long, 50 feet
wide, 12 feet t all.
1500 sqft are dedicat ed t o t he product ion of
edible plant specicies.
1000 sqft are dedicat ed t o leisure, circulat ion and
maint enance
500 sqft vert ical garden
aft er before before
CHRI S GEI ST
02/ 07/ 2011
SYNTHe Green Roof Prot ot ype
v
e
g
e
t
a
b
l
e
s
h
e
r
b
s
rest aurant
c
o
m
p
o
s
t
Each plow- line channel accommodat es an engineered growt h medium, much less dense t han nat ural soil in order t o minimize dead
loads, and an aut omat ic drip irrigat ion syst em.
Gr een Roof Pl ant Schedul e Br eak dow n:

30% Herbs:
English, Lemon and Summer Thyme
Variegat ed Oregano
Purple, Spot t ed and Silver Sage
Thai, Japanese and Purple Basil
Rue
I t alian Parsley
Bay Leaves
Peppermint , Spearmint , Candy, Gray and
Corsican Mint
50% Leaves:
Dandelion
Hawaiian Onions
Collard Greens
Swiss Chard
Red, Orange, Green Chard
But t erhead, Bost on, Bibb, But t ercrunch
Let t uces
Wheat Grass
Kale
Squash blossoms
Broccoli
20% Fruit s:
Whit e Peppers
Poblano Peppers
Jalapennos
Carrot s
Tomat oes
Sust ainable Gardening Cycle
BY THE NUMBERS:
Reduce Building Heat Gain, t emperat ure is 15 degrees cooler beneat h t he Garden Skin
Reduce St orm wat er wast e, 80% of rain wat er is capt ured and ut ilized for irrigat ion
CHRI S GEI ST
02/ 07/ 2011
Edit h Green/ Wendell Wyat t Federal Building
Locat i on:
Or i gi nal Ar chi t ect :
Ar chi t ect :
Year :
LEED Desi gnat i on:
Cl i ent s:
Cost :
Si ze:
* Won first ever 2030 Challenge Design Award
1220 S. W. Third Ave., Port land, Oregon
SOM, 1975
SERA and Cut ler Anderson Archit ect s
Proj ect ed complet ion: April 2013
Plat inum
US General Services Administ rat ion
133 million dollars
510, 000 sqft .
The Edit h Green Wendell Wyat t Federal Building
is t he flagship building for t he federal
government in Port land, Oregon and is
undergoing an ext ensive renovat ion t o become a
LEED plat inum symbol for t he federal
government . The renovat ion includes a new
faade, wit h each direct ion responding t o it s
orient at ion, new mechanical and elect rical
syst ems, a roof addit ion cont aining 20, 000 PV
cells, and a wat er collect ion syst em t o recycle t he
rainwat er. The west ern faade has gone under a
t ransformat ion from a 250 t all living wall t o an
undulat ing aluminum reed louver syst em. The
use of federal st imulus money has sparked
cont roversy, but t he proj ect is underway.
ENERGY_ENVI RONMENT
product ion
filt rat ion
sust ainable cycle
passive syst ems
act ive syst ems
PROGRAM
added
ehanced
FI NACI AL_VALUE
overall
t imeline

west ern facade
original
west ern facade
living wall
2003
west ern facade
aluminum reed syst em
current
WESTERN FACADE
2003:
- 250 vert ical living wall, growing off
fins at every ot her floor
- Provides shade during t he summer
- Allows sun penet rat in during t he
wint er
- I rrigat ed wit h rainwat er collect ion
- Det ails were ever finalized
2009:
- New federal mandat es passes
bet ween 2003 t o 2009
- Design needed t o use a radiant
ceiling panel heat ing and
cooling syst em ( most cost
effect ive) t o meet energy
goals ( 30- 35% energy
savings)
- Veget at ion was not dependable
enough t o offset needs of
radiant syst em
- Cost , risk and maint enance issues
also led t o loss of living wal
- Small living wall added t o lower 3
or 4 floors
CHRI S GEI ST
02/ 07/ 2011
Edit h Green/ Wendell Wyat t Federal Building
wint er: 64. 1
fixed panel: 37. 3
summer: 17. 1
act ual: 9. 0
Roof Opt imizat ion
Overhang Buffer
Rainwat er Collect ion Syst em
Senat ors John McCain and Don Coburn have expressed dissat isfact ion wit h t he way t he
federal monies are being used, saying t hat it might be a bet t er use of money t o build
a new building inst ead of ret rofit t ing t his one.
Progress is only made when someone t akes a risk. That s what I t hought t his buildings
design did. I dont t hink it was a wast e of money. I n Europe, t hey are furt her ahead wit h
living walls because t he government has been aggressive in mandat ing t hat t hey are
implement ed.
- Jon Crumrine, president of Port land- based Enviroscapes Nort hwest
Donald Egglest on ( President of SERA Archit ect s) does plan t o add plant ers at t he base of
t he federal building, and include some sort of climbing plant t o shade t he bot t om t hree or
four floors.
Well see how far t hose go up t he building, Egglest on said.
OTHER FEATURES:
Double glazed windows
New mechanical and elect rical syst em
New elevat or syst em t hat regenerat es energy when t hey descend
BY THE NUMBERS:
20, 000 PV cells offset 6% of energy consumpt ion
Smart light ing syst em reduces light ing energy consumpt ion by 40%
Rainwat er collect ion combined wit h low flow fixt ures reduce wat er consumpt ion by 68%
Expect ed annual savings: $280, 000
CHRI S GEI ST
02/ 07/ 2011
Tour Bois- le- Prt re
Locat i on:
Or i gi nal Ar chi t ect :
Fi r st Renovat i on:
New Renovat i on:
Year :
Col l abor at or s:
Cl i ent s:
Cost :
Si ze:
Paris, France 17t h arrondissement
Raymond Lopez, 1959
TECTEAM, 1990
Frdric Druot , Anne Lacat on, Jean Vassal
2006- 2011
E. 2. I ( cost consult ant )
Jourdan ( acoust ics)
Paris Habit at
15. 5 million dollars
From 95, 800 sqft . t o 133, 500 sqft .
ENERGY_ENVI RONMENT
product ion
filt rat ion
sust ainable cycle
passive syst ems
act ive syst ems
PROGRAM
added
ehanced
FI NACI AL_VALUE
overall
t imeline

Based on previous research and t heir int erviews
wit h building resident s, t he archit ect s focused
on expanding spaces and increasing nat ural
light t o improve living condit ions in each apart -
ment . Their design calls for t he addit ion of a
new ext erior st ruct ure consist ing of a glass shell
of balconies t hat complet ely envelops t he exist -
ing building, breaking up t he monot ony of t he
facade and providing t he buildings insulat ion.
By adapt ing an exist ing st ruct ure t o t he
present - day needs of it s users, Druot , Lacat on,
and Vassal are giving new life t o a problemat ic
and oft - crit icized housing t ype wit h implicat ions
t hat reach far beyond Paris.
CONSTRUCTI ON:
Grand Proj et de Renouvellement Urbain de la
Port e Pouchet
Large Urban Renewal Proj ect : Port e Pouchet
Want ed t o demonst rat e t hat you could renovat e
for less t han 100, 000 euro per unit ,
as opposed t o 170, 000 euro for
demo/ reconst ruct ion.
Archit ect s used a dry const ruct ion met hod, a
minimally disrupt ive process during
which resident s may cont inue t o live in t heir
apart ment s.
Const ruct ion is occurring in t hree phases:

1: buidings original skin is st ripped away
2: prefabricat ed addit ions are plugged in t o t he
buildings ext erior
3: t he int eriors are remodeled
1959 1990 2013
original facade
new skin
wint er gardens
CHRI S GEI ST
02/ 07/ 2011
Tour Bois- le- Prt re
RESI DENTS MATTER
The archit ect s conduct ed a series of init ial workshops in which t hey asked
t enant s t o consider how t heir apart ment s could be t ransformed. They t hen
designed t en new variat ions based on resident s needs, updat ed for a more
cont emporary st yle of living.
WI NTER GARDEN
Provides 3m of insulat ion bet ween ext erior and int erior, expands
living space and adds pot ent ial new program
BY THE NUMBERS:
10% less in energy consumpt ion, heat ing loads decrease by 50%
Will prvide 105 apt s, from st udio t o 7 rooms, up from 96
COLLIN ANDERSON
COLUMBIA BUILDING INTELLIGENCE PROJECT
BUILDING GEOMETRY + AIR FLOW OPTIMIZATION
STACK EFFECT
Driver of natural ventilation and infiltration.
Warmer
buoyant air (T1)
Cooler
heavier air (T0)
T0
T1
Height between inlet and outlet (m)
Reference: Thermal Physics, Bansal
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Temp. difference between inside and outside (C)
A
i
r

V
e
l
o
c
i
t
y

(
m
/
s
)
H
H
Utilizing building geometries to optimize air flow. Architectural Implications:
PROGRAM + SPACE USE
URBAN TRANSFORMATION
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
CO
2
Reichstag Building, Berlin, 1894-1999
COLLIN ANDERSON
References:
Foster + Partners
Daylighting: Natural Light in Architecture
Derek Phillips
1960
7000 tons
440 tons
2010
Details
Cost: 600 million DM
Total area: 61,166m
Net Area: 11,200m
Length: 137.4m
Width: 93.9m
Height: 47 m
Renovation Design
Architect: Foster and Partners
Structure: Leonhardt Andr &Partner
Original Design
Architect: Paul Wallot
Latitude: +52.52
Underground Thermal Energy Storage
Location of the buildings in the central
governmental and parliamentary district
of Germany connected to the unified
energy system, which includes the following
components distributed amongst the
buildings:
Generative Dome
An engine for the Reichstags natural
ventilation system, the dome extracts warm
air at high levels. Heat exchangers recycle
energy fromthe waste air. Fresh air is drawn
fromthe base of the structure and is released
through the central chamber floor as low-
velocity ventilation.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Heat-and-power cogeneration (CHP),
Boilers
Chillers
Absorption heat pump
Two underground aquifer storage systems
Natural light reflected
at minimumsolar gain
Axial fans and heat exchangers
inside the cone recycle energy
fromthe waste air.
Solar Reflector
STRATEGY
The Reichstag building serves as both a headquarters for the German Parliament as well as a museum
attributed to Germanys national history. Destroyed and abandoned during the twentieth century wars,
Foster + Partners rebuilt a significant portion of the structure following 1990s German reunification, the
first parliamentary building in the world to be powered 100 percent by renewable energy. The project is
hallmarked by the 40m diameter glass and steel cupola, which performs both as a public attraction for
viewing the city and as the chief component of the buildings sustainable redevelopment scheme.
The renovated dome employs angled mirrors to reflect horizon light into the chamber, while a moveable
shield tracks the path of the sun to prevent the penetration of solar heat and glare. At night, the process is
reversed and artificial light in the chamber is reflected outwards; allowing the dome to function as a beacon.
The building uses renewable bio-fuel of refined vegetable oil burned in a cogenerator to produce clean
electricity, resulting in a 94% reduction in carbon emissions. The parliament quarter employs geothermal
energy via two aquifers at different depths to store cold (60 m) and heat (300 m). Surplus heat is stored as
hot water in these aquifers, and can be pumped up to heat the building or used to drive an absorption
cooling plant to produce chilled water. These energy-related measures allow the building to perform as a
power station for the new government quarter.
Heat exchangers recover and reutilize warmair not expelled through the dome
Natural ventilation in the chamber using fresh air drawn up by the cone
Windows: manually operated inner layer and security-laminated outer layer
Renewable vegetable bio-fuel burned in a co-generator
Surplus heat stored in natural aquifer which provides hot water for heating
Cold water stored below ground to provide cooling via chilled ceilings in hot weather
Photovoltaic cells cover 300 smof the roof
2
3
.
5
m
f
r
o
m
f
l
a
t
r
o
o
f
,
4
7
m
f
r
o
m
g
r
o
u
n
d
9
4
%
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
COLLIN ANDERSON
COLUMBIA BUILDING INTELLIGENCE PROJECT CA Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, 1853, 2008
References:
Ove Arup &Partners
California Academy of Sciences
Greensource Construction
Renzo Piano Building Workshop
Renovation Design
Architect: Renzo Piano Building Workshop
Structure: Ove Arup &Partners
Original Design
Structure: Ove Arup &Partners
Details
Total Area: 400,000 ft
Cost: $488 million
Latitude: +37.77
Venturi Effect:
The reduction in fluid pressure
that results when air accelerates as it is
forced froma larger area to a smaller area.
STRATEGY
The California Academy of Sciences building is the largest public building to receive the benchmark of LEED
Platinum rating, and has done so using a variety of innovative techniques. The renovation took place
decades after the Academy suffered severe damage following the Bay Area earthquake of 1989.
A gap of four feet was designed between the tops of the two spheres (planetarium and rainforest) and the
roof, creating a stack effect via rapidly drawing out warm air through a series of skylights. Cool air enters the
space through ground-level vents and doors, and a westerly breeze across the roof creates a negative
pressure zone to draw more heat. Computer-controlled actuators operate banks of 4,000 windows.
Fourteen miles of polyethylene piping run under the floors, reducing energy use by ~10%
Perimeter canopy of photovoltaic cells
Roof is designed to absorb 98 percent of stormwater
95%of steel used in construction fromrecycled resources
68%of insulation comes fromrecylced blue jeans
Natural ventilation in the chamber using fresh air drawn up by the cone
Windows: manually operated inner layer and security-laminated outer layer
Renewable vegetable bio-fuel burned in a co-generator
Surplus heat stored in natural aquifer which provides hot water for heating
Cold water stored below ground to provide cooling via chilled ceilings in hot weather
Photovoltaic cells cover 300 smof the roof
COLLIN ANDERSON
Details
Total area: 1.6 million ft
Original Design
Masterplan: H. P. Berlage
References:
Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates
Renovation Design:
Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates
Engineer: Ingenieursoep Van Rossum
The redevelopment of the World Trade Center in Amsterdam involved the renovation of four existing office
buildings and the construction of an additional office tower. The design by Kohn Pedersen Fox diversifies
site use by creating a dynamic series of atrium spaces that transform previously isolated zones.
Responding to increased need for office space, the expansion of the WTC completely remodeled the
regions surrounding the existing multi-tenant buildings, inaugurating a series of public amenities both for
building occupants and local residents; supplementary to the atrium, the renovation includes shops,
restaurants, and connections to mass transit.
The wave-pattern form roof spans the 985 ft length of the site to enclose a naturally-ventilated public
atrium around the existing buildings, permitting a number of a group of micro-climates to be created
around a set of internal public spaces. Atrium areas are ventilated using a passive system which relies on
turbulence/negative pressure along the roof system to draw air through the space and positive pressure
due to wind driven forces at the ground level. The gradient of pressure zones induces a convective current
within the atria to create a continuous air-change system.
The roof collects rain water for re-use
Energy savings are 50%better than most buildings of this size
Solar shading is installed within the cavity between the roofs two skins
A new bicycle-friendly plaza is formed adjacent to the railway station
Latitude: +52.37
Cool Air Intake
+
-
Pressure Gradient
Sawtooth roof glazing elements
create turbulence and negative
pressure zones and therefore a
a pressure difference that works
to pull out warmatriumair
Diversifying Site Use
To draw heat fromthe existing
multi-tenant buildings,
the atriumremodeled the space
to create large public zones
between existing and new structures.
World Trade Center Complex, Amsterdam, 1985, 2004
Interstitial
AtriumSpace
COLLIN ANDERSON
COLUMBIA BUILDING INTELLIGENCE PROJECT Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre, New Caledonia, 1988 Masdar City Headquarters, Abu Dhabi, 2012
Design:
Engineers: Ove Arup &Partners
References:
Renzo Piano Building Workshop
Ove Arup &Partners
Natural Ventilation Modes
References:
Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill
Design:
Architect: Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill
Engineer: SWA Group
Latitude: +24.48
Latitude: -22.27
curved facades
towards the prevalent winds
Supplemental building geometry
GEOMETRY
Floor plate reduction
COLLIN ANDERSON
+
-
NDSU Renaissance Hall
Fargo, North Dakota
Strategies
Recycling of Material
Reused materials for structure
& decoration
DOAP system handles ventilation
independantly from AC
On-demand conditioned outside
air meets changing needs
Minimized use of new material
Adaptable HVAC System
Renovation Completed: 2004
Original Use: Farm Warehouse
Originally Built: 1903
Renovation Architect: Michael J. Burns Architects, Ltd.
New Use: Academic Building: Visual Arts and Architecture
In 2001 this 70,000 square foot former warehouse, slated for demolition, was pur-
chased and donated to the university. The interior was demolished down to the
structure and rebuilt to house the studios and breakout rooms for the architecture
and landscape architecture programs. The main focus of the renovation strategy
was material re-use. The outside appearance of the building was main-
tained, with many original windows restored. Salvaged steel trusses were used to
support the gallery ceiling. Wood joists were reused as ceiling structure in office
spaces. Old floors were restored. Wood doors from a freight elevator were used
as a dropped ceiling in the conference room. The interior structural elements were
left visible, often with original paint on them. All of these aspects of material reuse
greatly limited the amount of new material required for the renovation, thus increas-
ing both economic and environmental efficiency. Further, the reuse and display of
old elements for both decorative and structural purposes play a role in the educa-
tion of the students within the building.
Sources: Michael J Burns Architects, LTD, http://mjbaltd.robojackstudios.com ; NDSU Building Details, http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/ndsu/main/directory/bldg_details.php?choice=127 ; Jean Carroon, Sustainable Preservation: Greening Existing Buildings (Hoboken: Wiley, 2010)
FARM
WAREHOUSE
HISTORY VISION STRATEGY EFFECT
ABANDONED
BUILDING
EDUCATION
CENTER
EXPOSED
STRUCTURE &
REUSED PARTS
MINIMIZED NEW
MATERIAL
BETTER INDOOR
ATMOSPHERE
DECREASED
ENERGY USAGE
MATERIAL
RE-USE
ADAPTABLE
HVAC
ARCHITECT
SAMARITAN
UNIVERSITY
COMMUNITY
STUDENTS
ENVIRONMENT
Comfort
Aesthetic
Environmental
Economic
Outcomes of Effects
Pittsburgh Glass Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Original Use: Showroom
Originally Built: 1920s
Renovation Architect: FortyEighty Architecture Ltd.
New Use: Glasswork shops, gallery, education space
This renovation added 2,500 square feet to the existing 16,000 square-foot ma-
sonry and concrete building. As a center for production of artistic glass, it not
only has glass working space, but a gallery, classrooms, and seminar rooms. The
conditions of glass working require light, ventilation, and heat
management, so these concerns were central to the renovation. The win-
dows allow for daylighting and a drastic reduction in the use of artificial light during
the day. The residual heat in the air from the glass-making process is captured by
a water-loop system via heat recovery coils and transmitted through air handling
units to the concrete radiant floors. An advanced mechanical system moves air in
and out of the spaces and reduces the heavy cooling load that would otherwise
be a necessity in such an establishment. The reduction in artificial light as well as
cooling and heating loads drives down operating costs and makes the building
more environmentally friendly. Additionally, the corrugated glass panel system on
the addition was made from salvaged glass from another construction site.
Waste-Heat Recovery
Recovers heat from furnace and
delivers to radiant floors
Increased window area -- mini-
mized need for artificial light
Decreased cooling load
Daylighting
Natural Ventilation
Strategies
Sources: FortyEighty Architecture, http://www.fortyeighty.com ; Pittsburgh Glass Center, http://www.pittsburghglasscenter.org ; Jean Carroon, Sustainable Preservation: Greening Existing Buildings (Hoboken: Wiley, 2010)
AUTO
SHOWROOM
FOOD
CO-OP
GLASS ART
CENTER
DAYLIGHTING
BETTER INDOOR
ATMOSPHERE
Light, Air, and Temp
DECREASED
ENERGY USAGE
NATURAL
VENTILATION
ENERGY
RECOVERY
ARCHITECT
OWNER
Non-Profit
COMMUNITY
VISITORS
ENVIRONMENT
Comfort
Aesthetic
Environmental
Economic
Outcomes of Effects
Eastern Village Cohousing
Silver Springs, Maryland
Original Use: Office Building
Originally Built: 1957
Renovation Architect: EDG Architects
New Use: Cohousing community
An abandoned 92,000 square foot office building was renovated to create a co-
housing community with 56 condos and a shared dining hall, library, and other
amenities. Residents were asked to participate in the design process so that the
programmatic layout would be in line with the living styles of occupants. Vast im-
provements were made to the sites permeability, as well as the buildings
energy usage. The central parking court and the roof were converted to gar-
dens, increasing permeability by 54 percent. Balconies with green screens were
added to the exterior, providing not only outdoor space and increased circulation,
but energy benefits through shading. Geothermal wells were installed under the
courtyard and provide heating and cooling for the building. As a result of the en-
ergy-saving strategies, the complex uses 44 percent less energy than comparable
buildings. Post-occupancy evaluation has shown the the strategies remain effec-
tive and the residents are helpful in maintaining the standards of efficiency.
Gardens
Courtyard garden and green roof
increase permeability
Provide shading via overhang
and green screens
Use of earths temperature de-
creases energy usage
Balconies
Geothermal System
Strategies
Before Renovation
Sources: EDGArchitects, http://edgarchitects.net ; Eastern Village Cohousing, http://www.easternvillage.org/ ; Affordable Housing Design Advisor, http://www.designadvisor.org/green/eastern_village_cohousing.htm ; Jean Carroon, Sustainable Preservation: Greening Existing Buildings (Hoboken: Wiley, 2010)
OFFICE
BUILDING
ABANDONED
BUILDING
COHOUSING
COMMUNITY
ROOF &
COURTYARD
GARDENS
INCREASED
PERMEABILITY
TREES &
GRASS
INCREASED
CIRCULATION
&
INTERACTION
DECREASED
ENERGY USAGE
BALCONIES
Sun Shading &
Green Screens
GEOTHERMAL
SYSTEM
ARCHITECT
DEVELOPER
RESIDENTS
COMMUNITY
ENVIRONMENT
Comfort
Aesthetic
Environmental
Economic
Outcomes of Effects
Design
Inputs
i.e.: Code,
Client Desires,
Building Requirements
Design
Outputs
100%
One-Off Designs
The typical adaptive building strategy produces buildings that are
uniquely singular and do not provide feedback back to the inputs
from which they are driven.
Parametric
Strategies
Design
Inputs
Design
Outputs
Reverse engineering the C-BIP workfow allows us to identify the
potentially re-usable and parametric qualities of existing adaptive
strategies...
i.e.: Code,
Client Desires,
X% X%
Design
Inputs
Composite Design Outputs
...to develop strategies for new ways of hybridizing parametric
components with one-off building designs while providing real-
time feedback back to the original design inputs.
Parametric
Strategies
Flow of Infuence
One-Off
Designs
i.e.: Code,
Client Desires,
10 Hills Place, London
Amanda Levete Architects
Project Director: Ho-Yin Ng
Project Team: Gidon Fuehrer, Chris Geneste, Soren
Aagaard, Alan Dempsey Project Architect, John
OMara, Michael Mitchell
Client: Clarendon Properties
Constructed Area: 14,220 square meters
Date of Original Construction: Three buildings
from different eras; 1920s, 1951, and 1984
Original Use: Retail / Offces
Date of Renovation: Feb 2007 - Sept 2009
Renovated Use: Retail / Offces
Energy Impact:
Increases insulation values; skylights provide greater
amount of daylight in interior spaces and reduces
artifcial lighting requirements
Financial Impact:
Self-cleaning windows reduce maintenance costs;
increases leaseable foor spaces
Programmatic Impact:
Provides three new foors of offce space and
completely renovates existing spaces
Description: From the architect: Many narrow
streets and alleyways off Oxford Street, London
are currently misused and underdeveloped.
These under regarded areas are ideal not only for
improvement, but also for relatively unconventional
design opportunities. Our proposal acknowledges
this by providing an architectural intervention that
subtly draws attention to the building through the
intrigue of a sculptural faade. Inspired by the art
work of Lucio Fontana large glazed areas orientated
towards the sky are slashed into the faade,
maximising the natural light available in this narrow
street.
This sculptural form is achieved using a system
of aluminium profles used in the production of
high quality, ship hulls. The facade is fabricated
using curved 140 mm wide aluminium profles that
are connected together on-site, using a tongue-
and-groove system ensuring water-tightness and
construction effciency. The metallic silver fnish is
a high performance durable paint typically used on
super yachts.
Parametric Strategy -
Eyelid
E
x
is
t
in
g

B
u
ild
in
g
A
d
d
it
io
n
Before After Detail

Parametric
Strategy
Building
Specifc
Units are prefabricated in the shop Construction and installation
Cut-away assembly diagram
Parametric
Strategy
Building
Specifc
Eyelid Inputs
x
s
d
m = aluminium
y
z
- Length of panel (x)
- Depth of panel (y)
- Height of panel (z)
- Sun angle (s)
- Degree of curvature (d)
- Material (m)
- Amount of sunlight
- Depth of sunlight penetration
- Amount of material required
Outputs
DIA: Beacon, Beacon, NY
OpenOffce Architects
Project Team: Alan Koch, Lyn Rice, Galia
Solomonoff, Linda Taalman, Alisa Andrasek, Howard
Chu, Martin Hagel, Leif Halverson, Ava Hamilton,
Damen Hamilton, Jay Hindmarsh, Astrid Lipka, Anoo
Raman
Collaborator: Robert Irwin
Constructed Area: 292,000 square feet
Original Architect: Louis N. Wirshing, Jr.
Date of Original Construction: 1929
Original Use: Nabisco Box Factory
Date of Renovation: 1999 - 2003
Renovated Use: Contemporary Art Museum
Energy Impact:
Reduces artifcial lighting requirements into both the
painting and sculpture galleries
Financial Impact:
Converts unused factory into a new home for
contemporary art
Provides ideal diffused natural light into all of the
galleries
Description: From the architect: The project
necessitated the transformation of both interior and
exterior spaces to deliver a fully operational building
for Dia. The original masonry structure, built in
1929, is comprised of several building types. Many
of the existing spaces feature extensive skylight
systems and industrial building technologies. The
new program included the creation of permanent
galleries for large-scale artworks, as well as a
caf, bookstore, educational and media facilities,
and landscaped gardens. The projects primary
intention was to maximize the outstanding qualities
of the existing architecture without imposing them
upon the art. The optimized use of the existing
skylights allowed the creation of a daylight-only
and environmentally sustainable contemporary
museum...The former factory is built of brick, steel,
concrete, and glass, and is considered a model of
early twentieth century industrial architecture. Design
elements include broad spans between supporting
columns, and more than 34,000-square-feet of
skylights which create an exceptional environment
for viewing works of contemporary art in natural
light.
Sawtooth Skylight
Clerestory
Parametric
Strategy
Building
Specifc
Window Treatment at East and West Facades
Skylight Treatment - Northern Light
Skylight Treatment - Northern and Southern Light
Skylight Treatment - Northern Light
Sawtooth Skylight
Clerestory
Inputs
- Opening length (x)
- Angle of panel / Height of
Panel (z)
- Orientation of panel (p)
- Distance to obstructions (d)
- Height of curb (h)
- Amount of refected sunlight
- Optimal orientation
Outputs
x
y
y
z
z
p
d
d
h
h
p
x
2 Columbus Circle, New York, NY
Allied Works Architects
Project Team: Brad Cloepfl, Kyle Lommen, Daniel
Richmond, Maize Huh, Chelsea Grassinger, Chris
Bixby, Andrew Kudless, Brent Linden, Keith Alnwick
Project Collaborators: Royal Tichelaar Makkum
Constructed Area: 54,000 square feet
Original Architect: Edward Durell Stone
Date of Original Construction: 1964
Original Use: Private Art Museum for Huntington
Hartford
Date of Renovation: 2005 - 2008
Renovated Use: Museum of Arts and Design
Energy Impact:
Reduces artifcial lighting requirements the gallery
spaces
Financial Impact:
Creates a new center for the Museum of Arts and
Design
Provides diffused natural light into gallery spaces,
lightens facade, and stiches galleries together;
creates a new home for the Museum of Arts and
Design
Description: From the architect: Allied Works
design for the freestanding, 54,000 sf museum
opens the existing building to natural light and
views. A new lobby and museum store engage
the surrounding streets; above are eight levels of
galleries, educational and artist-in residence studios,
administrative offces, curatorial workspace and
restaurant. Below street level, a restored auditorium
provides space for lectures,performances and
presentations. The design employs a series of
three structural cuts through the buildings existing
concrete shell, each one a continuous line that
unites the faade, walls, foors and ceilings, and
transforms the building from a dark, load-bearing
shell to a light-flled, cantilevered structure. Inset
with transparent and fritted glass, these cuts weave
across the new terracotta-tiled faade. The 22,000
tiles, fabricated by a centuries-old Dutch company,
are fnished in a custom, iridescent glaze that
changes with the time of day and point of view.
The Slot
Conceptual unfolded facade Conceptual model

Before Completed Space After
Parametric Strategy
Building
Specifc
Building
Specifc
Construction
The Slot
Inputs
- Length of unit (x)
- Depth of unit (y)
- Height of unit (z)
- Thickness of structural frame (t)
- Angle of orientation (a)
- Structural requirements
- Amount of light provided
Outputs
x
y
z
a
t
Desires Parametric Strategy Outputs Inputs Inputs
Building Specifc Conditions Parametric Conditions
Use
Increased Daylight
Envelopes / Skins
Roofs / Rooftop Profles
Courtyards / Inner Courts
Parametric Relationships
x
s
d
m = aluminium
y
z
x
y
y
z
z
p
d
d
h
h
p
x
x
y
z
a
t
- Length of panel (x)
- Height of panel (z)
- Sun angle (s)
- Degree of curvature (d)
- Material (m)
- Amount of sunlight
- Floor to foor height
- Detail of connection back to slabs
- Dimensions of foor space below
- Detail of connection to roof
- Amount of refected sunlight
- Optimal orientation
- Structural requirements
- Amount of light provided
- Opening length (x)
- Angle of panel / Height of Panel (z)
- Orientation of panel (p)
- Distance to obstructions (d)
- Height of curb (h)
- Length of unit (x)
- Depth of unit (y)
- Height of unit (z)
- Thickness of structural frame (t)
- Angle of orientation (a)
- Connection detail to structure
Other Work
Wyckoff Exchange, Brooklyn, NY
Masdar Headquarters, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi
GSW Building, Berlin, Germany
Hearst Tower, New York, NY
Door/Awning
Cooling Tower
Colored Louver
Facade as Structure
Other Work
1095 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY
World Trade Center, Amsterdam,
Netherlands
Curtain Wall
Adaptive Shading
Funf Hofe, Munich, Germany
POLA Ginza Building Faade, Tokyo, Japan
in conjunction with the Adaptive Building Initiative
(Hoberman Associates and Buro Happold)
Perf Metal Sun Screen
Roof Vent
An operable wooden slat sunscreen protects office windows from the western sun, while minimiz-
ing the new window openings on the barn's monolithic wood volume.
Tissue Barn --1870
The Barn at Fallingwater is a 12,000 square foot adaptive reuse project, first
phase of a conference complex for Western Pennsylvania Conservancy adja-
cent to Frank Lloyd Wright's world-famous Fallingwater. To preserve the
building vernacular, insulative straw panels were used to denote program-
matic interior elements and an operable wooden slat sunscreen protects
office windows from the western sun, while minimizing the new window
openings on the barn's monolithic wood volume. Bioswales and a graywater
recycling system handle stormwater while heating and cooling is aided by a
ground source heat pump system..
With an integrative energy conservative approach to adaptive reuse, surpassing
ASHRAE 90.1 energy efficiency standards by 30% using recycled materials for 81% of the
construction - the Barn folds a variety of programmatic changes into an existing struc-
ture, yet where possible, utilizes materials to express new relationships between
building and program. here in the case of both the Bronx Zoo and the Natty Boh
Building, performative qualities of elements and materials were of primary consideration.
1. Exhibit/assembly
2. Kitchen
3. Restroom
4. Mechanical
5. Storage
6. Entrance
7. Office Area
8. Silo
9. Conference
10. Skywall
Barn @Fallingwater - Mill Run, PA
Bohlin Cywinski Jackson - 2007
adjustable louver system
organic thermal mass panels
rapidly renewable tiling
OPEN CLOSED
Natty Boh
Lion House
initial investment
integration
integration
usefulness
fuel consumption
fuel
consumption
electrical consumption
water consumption
LEED/BREEAM
geographic
range of influence
expression (int vs. ext.)
motivation
elements employed programmatic change
programmatic
change
mutability
repeatable
financial benefit
energy
finance
qualitative
effect
program
stuff
space plan
services
skin
structure
site
CLEAN EXHAUST
Lion House at the Bronx Zoo - Bronx, NY
FXFOWLE Architects - 2007
ETFE canopy
fuel cell
geothermal wells
The 3-layer ETFE skylight serves to mediate contradictory demands of translucent materials:
natural light, heat gain, and cooling loads. The ETFE, with an R-value of 3.3 (versus 1.8 for typical
polyester film), adjusts for shading and temperature as the sun moves, admitting ultraviolet light for
plants but blocking excessive heat for animals.
OPEN CLOSED
MULTI-PURPOSE
SPACE
FUEL CELL
GEOTHERMAL
WELLS
ANIMAL STORAGE
EXHIBIT
Heins & La Farge -1903
The Lion House is the largest building on historic Astor Court, an assemblage
of Beaux-arts buildings at the center of the Bronx Zoo. A designated land-
mark, the building has been closed to the Zoos visitors since the late 1970s
when the lions moved to more expansive environments. The reconstruction
transformed the former open-air cages into new natural environments for the
flora and fauna of Madagascar, while the former public viewing hall has
become a rentable, multi-purpose space opening onto a landscaped exterior
garden and terrace. The building has a greywater recyling system, fuel cell,
geothermal wells, and ETFE canopy for the animal landscape.
Shuttered since 1985, the FXFOWLE master plan called for a
re-imagining of the space usage, dedicating an extra 8,000
sq.ft. for multi-use. To handle the power requirements, an
energy-saving fuel cell, whose residual heat offers 40% of
the buildings heat and reduces electrical demand to the Lion
House by 200 kilowatts. The five- 1500 ft deep geothermal
wells provide a heat sink in warmer months and heated
water in cooler months, generating 34 tons of cooling and/or
34 MBTU of heating her hour.
A mix of high performance elements and preservation, the Lion
House at Bronx Zoo maintains the existing program of the original build-
ing while significantly improving the bottom line energy usage. Such an
improvement in performance requires a massive cash outlay:
$160Million in the case of the Lion Barn,, however, a public institution
at an international tourist destination can more easily consider the long-
term investment potential of such renovations given public usage, unlike
the mixed-use Natty Boh Building or the relatively low-traffic Barn at
Fallingwater.
A
IR
IN
CLEAN EXHAUST
NATURAL
GAS
RESIDUAL HEAT
O2
H2
DC AC
H2O
H2O @65 F
H2O @55 F
MECHANICAL ROOM
Natty Boh
Barn
initial investment
integration
usefulness
fuel consumption
electrical consumption
water consumption
LEED/BREEAM
geographic
range of influence
motivation
elements employed programmatic change
mutability
repeatable
financial benefit
energy
finance
qualitative
effect
program
repeatable
initial investment
elements
employed
LEED
GOLD
influence
stuff
space plan
services
skin
structure
site
The Green Grid Modular Roof System allows for pre-planted modules to be pre-planted, reducing
time to recoup cost-savings and environmental benefit. The modular aspect of the roof system allows for
adaptability and better drainage than built-in-place roofs.
??? -1898, 1890, 1950
INSULATED OPERABLE WINDOWS
WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE
SENSORS: LIGHTING CONTROLLED
BY DAYLIGHT
LIGHT SHELVES
FOR ADDED
DAYLIGHTING
LOW PARTITIONS / TRANSLUCENT
WALLS
LOW V.O.C. FINISHES
HIGH EFFICIENCY HVAC
LARGE WINDOW APERATURE
DAYLIGHTING
INSULATED BUILDING ENVELOPE
PRE-PLANTED GREEN GRID
PRE-PLANTED GREEN GRID
SALVAGED BREWING
TANKS: RAIN AND
STORM WATER
CISTERNS
substrate
filter fabric
2.5 - 8
~24
1.75
drainage
protection layer
waterproofing
moisture barrier
insulation
separation layer
Brewers Hill - Natty Boh Building, Baltimore, MD
Cho Benn and Holback - 2007
stormwater retention
modular green roof
light shelves
salvaged signage
A complex of 5 buildings built in 1892, 1890, and 1950, the windowless
National Brewing Compay building has been converted to a mixed-use build-
ing at the center of a developer revitalization project. To mitigate the factory
conditions of old architecture, light shelves and translucent interior
partitions increase interior daylighting. The planted pre-fabricated
green roof , rain water pool, and salvaged cistern collection system collect
storm runoff, reusing the water for toilet and urinal flushing.
As the flagship building in a developer-driven revitalization effort in down-
town Baltimore, the expression of the Natty Boh building - with its
salvaged and restored neon signage depicting the original Natural Bohe-
mian trademark logo - is one of sentimentality, a device in itself that recalls
an industrious and thriving city. Where large programmatic changes
might seem to imply a similar change in the qualitative effect, the smaller
initial investment may speak more to the functionality of the building
components or merely gestural elements to improve project visibility..
Lion House
Barn
initial investment initial investment
integration
usefulness
usefulness
fuel consumption
electrical consumption water consumption
LEED/BREEAM
geographic
range of influence
motivation
elements employed
elements
employed
programmatic change
programmatic
change
mutability
repeatable
financial benefit
energy
finance
qualitative
effect
program
stuff
space plan
services
skin
structure
site
INTEGRATED DESIGN STUDIO - SPRING 2011
PRECEDENT STUDY
NAME PROJECT TITLE ARCHITECT
John Simons
LOCATION
Wycko Exchange Andre Kikoski Architect Brooklyn, NY
NOTES:
Community Improvement
Building Recycle
Scale of Intervention
Capital Intensity
$ $
Eect on Engery Usage
PRECEDENT STUDY
John Simons Brooklyn, NY
LOCATION
Wycko Exchange Andre Kikoski Architect
NOTES:
Awning / Protection
Urban Art / Beauty
Focus on Pedestrians
Capital Intensity
$ $
PRECEDENT STUDY
John Simons
LOCATION
Sky Ranch MillerHull Partnership Seattle, WA
NOTES:
Innovative Land Use / Typology
Re-Use
Increased Urban Density / Prevent
Sprawl
Mixed-Use / Live-Work
Capital Intensity
$ $
PRECEDENT STUDY
John Simons
LOCATION
Sky Ranch MillerHull Partnership Seattle, WA
NOTES:
Innovative Structural Adaptation
Replicable Technique
Capital Intensity
$ $
PRECEDENT STUDY
John Simons
LOCATION
Wieden+Kennedy Building Allied Works Architecture Portland, OR
NOTES:
Innovative Land Use / Typology
Re-Use
Increased Urban Density / Prevent
Sprawl
New Social Space
Structural Adaptation
Capital Intensity
$ $
PRECEDENT STUDY
John Simons
LOCATION
Wieden+Kennedy Building Allied Works Architecture Portland, OR
NOTES:
Transformed Urban Connection
Increased Porosity
Capital Intensity
$ $
Adaptive Reuse
hybrid purposes
Land of Giants
Choi + Shine 2010
Justin Fabrikant
Uni ver s i t y of Li ver pool Heat i ng I nf r as t r uct ur e Bui l di ng heat i ng, power, s cul pt ur e
Infrastructure Retroft: Cogeneration
Levitt Bernstein Associates (2009)
The University of Liverpool Heating Infrastructure build-
ing is not a building retroft. It is an infrastructure retro-
ft that combines two outdated hot water circulation net-
works and integrates heating and power generation.
The University of Liverpools incremental growth led
to the independent development of two separate high-
temperature water systems: a conventional boiler plant,
built in 1966, and an early cogeneration plant from 1985.
The combination of the two resulted in redundancies and
ineffciency in operation and maintenance.
The Heating Infrastructure Building was built to house a
gas turbine cogeneration plant that would combine the two
older distribution networks and replace the output of the
redundant oil-fueled boilers. The architectural proposal
was required before the exact type of plant to be housed
was determined. Levitt Bernstein developed an adaptable
system that could accommodate several potential plants.
The diamond-shaped scales are removable, and allow for
ventilation at any point on the facade.
Located near the center of campus along a main
pedestrian spine, the Heating Infrastructure building also
needed to solve the problem of an industrial building in
a historic center rich with foot traffc. The pitched roofs
and dynamic facade allow the structure to ft in with
its attractive Victorian neighbors without resorting to
copying materials. The boiler itself is visually exposed by
glazing, improving the interest of the programmatically
sealed building.
The integrated cogeneration plant is estimated to reduce
carbon emissions by 11,000 metric tons, achieving a 23%
overall reduction in the universitys carbon footprint.
The plant cost $35.5 million, but university offcials
expect energy cost savings will pay off in the long
term.
Justin Fabrikant
1636 TBTU
petroleum used for
electricity
1,144 TBTU Lost as heat
492 TBTU Sold as electricity
806 TBTU
Natural gas used for
heating
Waste heat
preserved as hot water
for heating
Natural Gas fired turbine
generates heat and electricty on site
Electricity is generated less
efficiently, but waste heat is preserved
80%
Thermal Efficiency
30%
Thermal Efficiency
Gas-Fired Combined Heat and Power Plant
(CHP)
2008 New York State Energy Flow
Justin Fabrikant
Amer i can Soci et y of Lands cape Ar chi t ect s ( ASLA) Gr een Roof i ns ul at i on, habi t at , out door s pace, weat her pr oof i ng
Green Roof Retroft
Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates, Inc. (2006)
Washington, DC
The American Society of Landscape Architects Green
Roof Retroft is a research project aiming to foster a bet-
ter understanding of green roof construction and ben-
efts.
When faced with a failing roof at its headquarters in
Washington D.C., the ASLA decided to build a green roof
on top of the old roof in liew of replacing it. The roof
is 3,000 square feet, and consists of a viewing platform
sandwiched between waves of greenery:
Viewing Platform: 1,250 sq. ft - Flat metal grating offset
one inch from sedum planting bed of with a three inch
depth, planted extensively. Includes Seating.
South Mound: Five-inch intensive planting system, planted
with sedums. The mound is constructed of Styrofoam,
and the planting soil is threaded with ribbons of non-
biodegradable plastic to prevent erosion and sliding.
North Mound: Six-inch planting system, also planted with
sedums and made with styrofoam.
Over Pavillion and Elevator: 12-18 inch depth intensive
planting system.
The ASLA green roof features scientifc monitoring
equiptment, so we know a great deal about its benefts.
Some are listed below. More can be found at http://
www.asla.org/uploadedFiles/CMS/Green_Roof/Green_
Roof_Water_Monitoring_Report.doc.
- From July, 2007 to May, 2007 the green roof retained
nearly 75 percent of the total rainfall (29 inches). This
kept 27,512.4 gallons of water out of the sewer system.
Justin Fabrikant
-The green roof did not add any nitrogen to the runoff.
Because of the amount of water retained, the roof pro-
vided a signifcant reduction in the amount of nitrogen in-
troduced back into the watershed. Nitrogen triggers algal
blooms that choke watershed plant life
- The green roof was responsible for a 10% energy reduc-
tion in winter and a 3% reduction in summer.
- The summer temperature taken 4 feet above the green
roof averages 35 degrees cooler than that of a conven-
tional black tar roof.
A liberal estimate puts the cost of green roofng at $25-50
per square foot for intensive green roofs, and $14-25 per
square foot for extensive green roofs. Compare to $5-10
per square foot for an inexpensive traditional roof.
Intensive green roofs are similar to traditional roof gar-
dens, and can contain a variety of plants, shrubs, and even
small trees. The growing media starts from about 8 - 12
and can range up to 15 feet or more, depending on the
loading capacity of the roof and the architectural and
plant features that the building owner desires. The engi-
neered soil media usually contains about 45 - 50% organic
material to 50 - 55% mineral, and fully saturated weights
range from about 80 -120 lbs/sq. ft. and up.
Extensive green roofs are built when the primary desire
is for an ecological roof cover with limited human access.
The minimum growing media or soil substrate starts at
about 2 1/2 to 6 at most (although vegetative mats can
actually have even less than 1 of growth media). Plants
hights can range from 16-24
Justin Fabrikant
Cl apham Manor Pr i mar y School gl azi ng, i ns ul at i on, expr es s i on
Alternative glazing solution for building addition
dRMM (2009)
Original construction 19th century, date and architect
unknown.
The Clapham Manor Primary School add-on by
dRMM plugs into the original 19th century board
house that houses the rest of the school. The in-
tersection of the two generates new street and play-
ground entrances (see plan).
dRMM takes a striking approach to glazing of the
addition. The facade is a curtain wall, divided into
bricks that disguise the foor to foor height and
hide the scale of the building. The polychromatic
loop includes fritted, clear, solid, and operable units,
reducing solar gain and increasing the R-value of the
structure relative to a fully glazed building. The oper-
able units allow for improved thermal comfort, natu-
ral ventilation, and environmental control.
The interstitial space between addition and original
includes an interesting stair system that negociates be-
tween the 3-story Victorian and 4 contemporary sto-
ries in the same space.

Justin Fabrikant
Justin Fabrikant
Montgomery Park
800 Washington Blvd. Baltimore, MD 21230
W.H. McCaully and Wells Brothers Construction Company, 1925
Daniel, Mann, Johnson + Mendenhall of AECOM and Himmelrich Associates Inc., 2003
existing
new
Adaptation of a 1920s warehouse into an office park.
ENERGY/FINACIAL VALUE: LEED certified by the redevelopment of an existing urban site, involving
remediation of a brownfield site (although contamination was limited), and the sites easy access to the
citys major bus lines enabled a public transport strategy. Other sustainability techniques included reten-
tion of stormwater on site and some used in greywater system, partial green roof planted with Alpine
vegetation to minimize heat island effect, waterless urinals and energy efficient ice storage air condi-
tioning system, recycling of building waste as paving, reuse of existing carpet tiles, insulated glazing
with minimum perimeter offices to maximise daylight combined with energy efficient motion controlled
lighting and low formaldehyde interior finishes and materials. The use of high-efficiency systems for me-
chanical and electrical applications,storm water reutilization for toilet flushing and cooling systems,
energy-saving lighting with photocell dimming and occupancy sensors, perforated aluminum blinds to
reduce glare and heat, high-speed, glass-backed elevators that are gearless and energy efficient all save
energy and resources with signigicant finanical savings.
PROGRAM: The renovation added many programmatic spaces, Montgomery Park Health Club is a sky-
lit, high-tech 10,000-square-foot facility, a light-filled food court, an on-site daycare center currently ac-
commodates up to 95 children and has room to expand as Montgomery Park' s population increases, a
500-seat conference facility is an amenity for all office users, and with the largest floor plates in the
region Montgomery Park is designed to accommodate businesses of all shapes and sizes. Floor plates
are 143,000 square feet.
1
5
Energy/Environment
Program
Financial Value Aesthetic Quality
Utility
1
Building Elements: Green Roof/ Void
Diane von Furstenberg Studio Headquarters
440 West 14th Street New York, NY 10014
James W. Cole, 1887
WORKac, 2007
existing existing
new
Adaptation of a 1880s warehouse into a design studio.
Diane von Furstenberg Studio Headquarters
440 West 14th Street New York, NY 10014
James W. Cole, 1887
WORKac, 2007
ENERGY: In addition to repointing the brick of the 19th-century warehouse, the architects sealed the
existing copper cornice, repaired rust spots, painted the cast-iron columns, and installed new plate-
glass windows. To satisfy the desire of the preservationists to retain the deep metal street canopies
girding the districts buildings, WORKac designed a new canopy to jut over the north and east sidewalks
of the corner site. The firm desired a translucent canopy rather than the corrugated metal ones more
common to the district with recycled wired glass from the Philadelphia Navy Yard. Inside the brick en-
closure, a new structure of steel columns with metal-and-concrete decking and poured resin floors was
installed.
FINANCIAL VALUE: The use of recycled materials, and innovative programmatic design adds value to
this property, as well as the tenant.
PROGRAM: The central stair, formed of precast-concrete sections, not only acts as the circulation
device and light shaft, but reveals the different activities organized around the corefrom the lobby to
the second-floor showroom, as well as the offices and design workshops above, plus von Furstenbergs
own offices and living quarters. The building is within the Gansevoort Market Historic District and the
DVF Studio Headquarters was hailed by the New Yorks Landmarks Preservation Commission as a
new model of adaptive reuse for the city. Instead of hiding new elements behind the historic facades,
the project is conceived of as a dialogue between contemporary materials and the renovated elements.
1
5
Energy/Environment
Program
Utility
1
Building Elements: Light Shaft/ Void
Le Fresnoy Art Center
22 Rue Du Fresnoy, Tourcoing, France 59200
1920s
Bernard Tschumi, 1997
existing
existing
new
Adaptation of a 1920s community arts center into a modern art school.
Le Fresnoy Art Center
22 Rue Du Fresnoy, Tourcoing, France 59200
1920s
Bernard Tschumi, 1997
1
5
Energy/Environment
Program
Utility
1
Building Elements: Circulation/ Void
ENERGY: The project suspends a large, ultra-technological roof, pierced by cloud-like glass openings and
containing all necessary ductwork for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, over many of the existing
1920s structures. The format of the project is a succession of boxes inside a box. First, a new, resolutely
contemporary facade encloses the ensemble of buildings in a rectangular box. The north side of the box
is made out of recycled corrugated steel, while the curtain wall facades of the southern sector give a
transparent image to the entrance and main building facade. The other sides remain open, providing
views of the old and new within and of the technical ductwork suspended under the new roof and over
the old ones. The spaces between the two roofs contain places for installations and film projections
located along a dramatic sequence of walkways.
PROGRAM: Within the container-box are the boxes of the existing Fresnoy facilities, supplemented by
newly-designed ones, including exhibition spaces, sound studios and assorted production facilities, a
library, a cinema, a restaurant, and apartments for faculty and studentsall of them protected from
inclement weather by the sheltering and all-encompassing umbrella of the new roof.
FINANICAL VALUE: The scheme of the project aims to accelerate chance events by combining diverse
elements, juxtaposing the great roof, the school and research laboratory, and the old Fresnoy, a place of
spectacle. The whole is precise and rational in its concept, and varied and poetic in the resulting spatial
richness and tenant value.
VIRGINIA BEACH CONVENTION CENTER
SOM
Virginia Beach, Virgina
Completed: 2007
PROJECT STRATEGY
energy/environment
occupant comfort
program
aesthetics
The Virginia Beach Convention Center is the rst convention center in the country to
achieve LEED Gold certication for Existing Buildings. The facility was built on the
location of the original Pavilion Convention Center, thereby reducing the cost of
infrastructure improvements. SOM had the foresight to recycle materials from the
former facility including steel, copper, aluminum, concrete and cinder blocks and
reuse materials like asphalt in construction of the new facility.
SOM, working in collaboration with the city of Virginia Beach, designed 505,000 sq ft
of space with several energy-ecient initiatives; lighting and HVAC systems pro-
grammed to conserve electricity during o hours, energy-ecient windows that
limit UV penetration naturally rot- and insect-resistant Cumaru wood ooring and
decks, and eective storm water retention systems
$202.5 million
Design inspiration for the convention center came from the regions past,
present, and future. A soaring 147-foot glass and steel tower pays homage to
the citys historic lighthouse, while lightweight trusses support an energy-
saving glass curtain wall that curves around the entrance.
The building is triple the size of the old pavilion, making it one of the largest
convention centers on the U.S. eastern seaboard.
SUSTAINABILITY + COMFORT
The Convention Centers commitment to the environment is a well sought after amenity by meeting planners looking
to book their conventions. The VBCC takes this commitment and user comfort to a new level throughout the design,
especially in operations, housekeeping, food and beverage, landscaping, maintenance and administration.
Lightweight trusses support an energy-saving,
UV limiting glass curtain wall that curves
around the entrance.
Large amounts of natural daylight evident
throught the building.
The building also received extra innovation points for developing Ergonomics training for
sta, an Environmental Communication Program, which includes a compelling environ-
mental awareness presentation display.
Green Building signs have been placed throughout the Convention Center identifying
recycling, programmable lighting and HVAC systems, energy ecient compact uorescent
lighting and low ow faucets and soap dispensers with motion detectors.
For scal year July 2008 to June 2009, the VBCC used 49 per-
cent less power, gas and water.
Sta play big part of its success- use of low-cost/no-cost strategies:
Programming lighting and HVAC systems to minimize their use during non-peak
times
Discontinuing the use of certain architectural lights unless specifcally requested
Minimizing lighting and ventilation use during vendor load-in and set-up
Activating air curtains during extreme temperatures or large events
Utilizing only ENERGY STAR qualifed copiers and printers and adopting polices
that prefer ENERGY STAR rated appliances
SUSTAINABILITY + AESTHETICS
Recent trends in the tourism and hospitality industry indicate that clients are more interested in doing business
with environmentally conscious organizations.
This idea is evident in all aspects of the buildings program and design.
All wood nishes in the Virginia Beach Con-
vention Center come from sustainable
forests
Rainwater is captured and reused at the Virginia
Beach Convention Center in a way that is e-
cient and aesthetically pleasing.
Eco-awareness presentation projected onto a 360-foot
video wall where the center displays OneEarth.org public
service announcements on its 360-foot video wall.
Naturally rot- and insect-resistant Cumaru
wood ooring and decks
$38.7 million
THE GERDING THEATER
Formerly known as the Portland Armory, it was originally constructed in 1891 to house local units of the Oregon
National Guard.
Transforming the historic Portland Armory, built in 1891, into a performing arts center for Portland Center Stage
required a thoughtful and creative approach. To t 55,000 ft2 of program space in a 20,000 ft2 footprint while
preserving the existing roof, the project team excavated 30 feet into the ground. To seismically brace the struc-
ture and acoustically isolate two performance spaces, the team built a concrete box inside the existing shell via
two 14-foot-wide doors. The immensely challenging process was likened to building a ship inside a bottle.
Brewery Blocks, Portland,
GBD Architects, Inc. + GERDLING
Completed: 2006
PROJECT STRATEGY
energy/environment
occupant comfort
program
aesthetics
Reusing an existing building conserved not only the
embodied energy of the existing brick, stone, and wood
trusses but also the craftsmanship of the unique faade.
The team minimized the use of nish materials to con-
serve resources and reinforce the character of the origi-
nal building.
The Gerding Theater is an interesting case because it
combines the best of both historic preservation and
green design, showing that these two areas can coexist
in a single building.
In making philosophical, design, and construction decisions, project partners consistently returned to the guiding meta-
phor of The Four Pillars of the Armory: Theater, History, Sustainability and Community
A 599-seat Main Stage with a 18 x 36 proscenium and adjustable orchestra pit. Seating is designed
with under-oor ventilation, wider seats, more leg-room, and a steeper grade
Energy ecient design includes:
radiant heating
chilled beam cooling
skylights, and lighting that responds when employees enter or leave a workspace
The building operates 30% more eciently than code
The skylights used
provide daylight to regularly
occupied oce space and the
passive ventilation system
ensures that comfortable,
clean air is always circulated
The renovation included a major focus on public education. The completed facility has interactive kiosks
throughout as well as docent led green building tours. There are also glass walls on equipment rooms that help
to educate visitors about how the green building works.
Why would a theater company care so much about sustainability?
According to Chris Coleman, Artistic Director of Portland Center Stage,
A platinum building really shows our respect for our audience and, we believe, will help us
achieve our mission in a more meaningful way (Trick 2006).
An 18 x 200-foot sliver park, designed by locally based landscape architecture rm Murase Associates, will be both an
urban oasis and an integral part of the buildings stormwater management. Vera Katz Park features drought-tolerant landscaping, pervious pavers that lter stormwater,
bioswales, comfortable seating, and a black granite water channel supplied by recycled rainwater.
Water eciency features include ultra-low-ow xtures and a rainwater catchment system that supplies a 12,000-gallon
cistern with water used for ushing toilets, reduces stormwater runo to the Willamette River watershed, and reduces
potable water use by 89%.
Environmentally friendly construction practices
were used and 95% of the construction and de-
molition debris was reclaimed and recycled. For
example, the wood used throughout the Armory
was certied by the Forest Councilas sustainably
managed.
GENSLER
energy/environment
occupant comfort
program
SAN FRANSISCO TERMINAL 2 RENOVATION
San Fransisco, California
Expected completion date: Spring 2011
aesthetics
PROJECT STRATEGY
The design measures that Gensler is implementing into the SFO T2 will be a
prime example of sustainable design + high comfort. Designed as representa-
tive of the Bay Areas culture and aesthetic, the terminal aims to elevate the
traveler experience through design strategies that reduce traveler stress, high-
light the airports world-renowned art instalations and promote progressive
sustainability measures placing an emphasis on service, hospitality and com-
fort.
The rst LEED Gold-registered terminal in the United States, T2 is designed to
support SFOs goals of zero waste, sustainable education and reduced carbon
footprint.
Terminal 2, formerly known as the Central Terminal, was rst opened in 1954 and was
the main terminal of San Francisco Airport for decades.
When the current international terminal opened in 2000, Terminal 2 was closed for
indenite renovation and currently serves as a walkway between Terminal 1 and Ter-
minal, basically a cavernous hallway between two busy terminals.
$383 million
Natural light streaming through skylights give a sense of time
and place and minimize the amount of electric lighting
needed by over 20%. They use low emission glass which
regulates heat and glare. It also provides a refreshing transi-
tion from the security gates and lounges beyond.
State of the art displacement ventilation system
the building naturally maintains a perfect 70 de-
grees. The ltered air system brings cool are in at
waist level, naturally causing warmer air to rise. It
is self-regulated in direct relationship with the
temperature outside. deliver superior air quality
throughout the terminal while using 20% less
energy than conventional systems.
Passengers will be able to purchase carbon osets for
their ight right on the way to their gate!. The Climate
Passport program is making it super simple for even
the most busy passengers to reduce the impact of
their ights by conveniently placing carbon oset
kiosks in the airport after security on both sides of the
International Terminal and in Terminal 3.
SFO T2 will incorporate 'Hydration Stations'
throughout the terminal to allow travelers to
rell their reusable water bottles instead of
purchasing plastic bottled water.
Entry Lobby Mezzanine Area
Powder coated steel tubing and green
-
house shade cloth
Post-security Recompose Area
Powder-coated steel, colored ber, colored light,
mechanized air ow, and computer programming
Faade Screen
T2 Childrens Play-Area
T2 Childrens
Play-Area
Dichroic acrylic,
stepper motors
and electronic
motor controllers
A unique aspect of Terminal 2 includes diplays of new and dynamic work by local and national artists of outstanding.
merit and to re-install important work by leading local, national and international artists from the Airports collection
THE ART OF TERMINAL 2
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT
PROGRAM
FINANCIAL VALUE
3
2
6
7
3
1
9
8
1
ENERGY + FINANCIAL + PROGRAM
ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY + FINANCIAL
ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY + PROGRAM
FINANCIAL VALUE + PROGRAM
FINANCIAL VALUE
ENVIRONMENT / ENERGY
PROGRAM
CATEGORY OF CHANGE KEY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
VERTICAL LANDSCAPING
WATER RECYCLING
+ PURIFICATION
RESPOND TO
SITES ECOLOGY
BUILDING MATERIAL REUSE
SOLAR ENERGY USE
NATURAL VENTILATION +
MIXED-MODE SERVICING
PLACE-MAKING
SOLID WASTE RECYCLING
LOOSE-FIT
+
+
+
STUDIO READINGS
THE CATHEDRAL AND THE BAZAAR
ERIC S. RAYMOND -2003
THE EDITT TOWER CLEARLY EMBODIES THE BAZAAR MODEL OF PROJECT
DEVELOPMENT WHICH OPTS FOR OPEN-SOURCING AND CONTINUAL EVOLUTION AND
UPDATING OF THE PROJECTS ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES, AND EVEN ITS PROGRAM ITSELF.
THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE WELL-TEMPERED ENVIRONMENT
REYNER BANHAM
CONSISTANT WITH BANHAMS ESSAY, THE EDITT TOWER COMPREHENSIVELY
ASSESSES THE FEASIBILITY OF AUGMENTING ACTIVE MECHANICAL CLIMATE CONTROL
SYSTEMS WITH PASSIVE SYSTEMS THAT TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE LIMITLESS NATURAL
RESOURCES OF A GIVEN SITE.
BIG FOOT
MICHAEL SPECTER - 2008
SYSTEMS SUCH AS THE VERTICAL WASTE RECYCLING SHAFT WITH MECHANICAL
SEPERATOR ALLOWTHE EDITT TOWER TO LITERALLY ACCOUNT FOR ITS WEEKLY OUTPUTS
BACK INTO THE LARGER CONTEXT. TO THE GREATEST EXTENT POSSIBLE THE CARBON
FOOTPRINT OF ITS OCCUPANTS AND THE BUILDING ITSELF IS MINIMIZED THROUGH THE
USE OF PASSIVE TREATMENT AND FILTRATION SYSTEMS FOR RAINWATER, WASTE
REMOVAL, BUILDING MATERIAL REUSE, SOLAR ENERGY USE AND NATURAL VENTILATION.
ELEMENTS OF PARAMETRIC DESIGN
ROBERT WOODBURY - 2010
YEANGS APPROACH TO THE EDITT TOWER IS EXCEEDINGLY APPLICABLE TO THE
PARAMETRIC DESIGN WOODBURY DISCUSSES. SYSTEMS SUCH AS THE WING-WALL AND
THE REFUSAL TO REDUCE A SKYSCRAPER TO A MINDLESS REPETITION OF TYPICAL FLOOR
PLANS WOULD BE NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE WITHOUT A PARAMETER-DRIVEN
DESIGN APPROACH.
SUSTAINING ARCHITECTURE DURING A REVOLUTION
SUSANNAH HAGAN - 2009
THE SIMPLE FACT THAT AN ECO-SKYSCRAPER SUCH AS THE EDITT TOWER
IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION - WITH MANY PREDECESSORS AND NEWTOWERS TO FOLLOW-
IS EVIDENCE OF HAGANS ARGUMENT THAT THE CORPORATIONS CAN NO LONGER VIEW
SUSTAINABILITY AS A CONCESSION TO EXTREMISTS. THE PROJECT RIGOROUSLY
DEMONSTRATES THE FINANCIAL SAVINGS, BOTH IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM THAT AN
ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO HIGH-RISE DESIGN OFFERS.
+
+
+
+
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BUILDING NAME:
LOCATION:
ORIGINAL ARCHITECT:
ORIGINAL YEAR:
RENOVATION ARCHITECT:
RENOVATION YEAR:
RENOVATION STRATEGIES:
100 WORD DESCRIPTION:
EDITT TOWER
SINGAPORE
TR HAMZAH + YEANG
1998 COMETITION, UNDER CONSTRUCTION
N/A - NEW CONSTRUCTION
PLACE-MAKING;
RESPONSD TO SITES ECOLOGY;
VERTICAL LANDSCAPING;
LOOSE-FIT;
BUILDING MATERIALS RECYCLING/REUSE;
WATER-RECYCLING + PURIFICATION;
SOLID WASTE AND SEWAGE RECYCLING;
SOLAR ENERGY USE;
NATURAL VENTILATION
+ MIXED-MODE SERVICING
THE SITE OF THE EDITT TOWER WAS
DETERMINED FROM THE OUTSET TO
SUFFER FROM A ZERO-CULTURE URBAN
CONDITION. THE URBAN REDEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY (URA) OF SINGAPORE
COMMISSIONED YEANG TO DEVELOP A
26-STOREY EXPOSITION TOWER WITH
POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE
TRANSFORMATION TO OFFICES OR
APARTMENTS. YEANG USED THE PROJECT
AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO FURTHER
DEVELOP HIS CONCEPTION OF A CIVILIZED
VERTICAL URBANISM WHICH STRIVES TO
CONTINUOUSLY EXTEND STREET-LIFE INTO
THE ELEVATED LEVELS OF THE
SKYSCRAPER. YEANGS RIGOROUS
ECOLOGICAL APPROACH EMPLOYS NINE
SIGNIFICANT ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES.
THOUGH THESE METHODS ARE NEITHER
UNIQUE NOR NOVEL, IT IS THE
COORDINATED COLLECTIVE EFFECT OF
THEIR APPLICATION THAT BEARS CAREFUL
CONSIDERATION. ALTHOUGH THIS IS A
NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECT THE
PRINCIPLES ARE READILY APPLICABLE TO
RETROFITS OF EXISTING HIGH-RISE
BUILDINGS.
THE DESIGN OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT
ENCLOSURES HAS THE POTENTIAL TO
TRANSFORM ARCHITECTUREAL DESIGN
FROM BEING AN UNCERTAIN, SEEMINGLY
WHIMSICAL CRAFT, INTO A CONFIDENT
SCIENCE.
- KEN YEANG
MICHAEL H. MARSH
EDITT TOWER BY TR HAMZAH & YEANG, SINGAPORE
C-BIP IDS PHASE ONE: BUILDING ADAPTATION RESEARCH - FEBRUARY 7, 2011 01
FINANCIAL VALUE
PROGRAM
VERTICAL LANDSCAPING
WATER RECYCLING/PURIFICATION
RESPOND TO SITES ECOLOGY
BUILDING MATERIAL REUSE
SOLAR ENERGY USE
NATURAL VENTILATION +
MIXED-MODE SERVICING
PLACE-MAKING
SOLID WASTE RECYCLING
EDITT TOWER
ADAPTATION
STRATEGIES
LOOSE-FIT
MIXED-MODE SERVICING IS
YEANGS STRATEGY OF
REDUCING MECHANICAL AIR
CONDITIONING AND OTHER
ACTIVE SYSTEMS BY OPTIMIZING
PASSIVE SYSTEMS, SUCH AS
COOLING FROM THE SITE. WIND
IS USED TO CREATE INTERNAL
COMFORT CONDITIONS BY
MEANS OF INTRODUCING
NATURAL VENTILATION AND
WING-WALLS PLACED PARALLEL
TO PREVAILING WIND IN ORDER
TO DIRECT AIRFLOWTO
INTERNAL SPACES AND
SKYCOURTS TO ASSIST WITH
BREEZE COOLING.
HEAVY SOLAR-SHIELDING ALONG
THE EAST FACADE REDUCES
SOLAR HEAT GAIN. THIS IS
PRIMARILY ACCOMPLISHED
THROUGH THE INCLUSION OF AN
OPAQUE UNIFIED WALL OF
STAIR TOWERS, LIFTS AND
RESTROOM ACCOMMODATION.
EXTENSIVE USE OF
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS AS A
MAJOR FORMATION ON THE
EAST FACADE ASSIST WITH THE
ENERGY DEMANDS OF THE
BUILDING.
IN ADDITION PASSIVE LIGHTING
SYSTEMS SUCH AS
LIGHT-SHELVES ARE EMPLOYED
TO REDUCE DEPENDENCY UPON
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING SYSTEMS
SOLID WASTE RECYCLING IS
HANDLED THROUGH A VERTICAL
CHUTE ACCESSIBLE FROM ALL
FLOORS WHICH DELIVERS
MATERIALS DIRECTLY TO A
MECHANICAL WASTE
SEPARATOR AT THE BASEMENT
LEVELS OF THE BUILDING WHICH
SORTS MATERIALS AND
PREPARES FOR EFFICIENT
WASTE COLLECTION FOR
RECYCLING.
THE BUILDING SERVES AS A
RAINWATER COLLECTION DEVICE
PRIMARILY THROUGH THE
CURVILINEAR ROOFTOP COLLECTOR
AND A SYSTEM OF SCALLOP-SHAPED
FACADE COLLECTORS. ONCE
COLLECTED THE WATER IS SUBJECTED
TO A LARGELY PASSIVE GRAVITY
FILTRATION SYSTEM
COMPATIBLE WITH YEANGS
THEORY OF LOOSE-FITTING
(SEE STRATEGY TO RIGHT)
PROGRAMMATIC DIVISIONS
WITHIN THE ECO-SKYSCRAPER,
THE VAST MAJORITY OF
TEMPORARY BUILDING
MATERIALS ARE DESIGNED AND
INSTALLED IN SUCH A WAY AS TO
FACILITATE EASE OF
DISMANTLING AND REUSE. THIS
IS LARGELY EXECUTED
THROUGH WELL PLANNED
MECHANICAL JOINTING OF
SHEET MATERIALS AND
CONNECTIONS AND REMOVABLE
PARTIONS AND FLOORS.
YEANGS LOOSE-FIT DESIGN
STRATEGY IS A WAY OF
CONSIDERING THE LIKELIHOOD
OF A BUILDINGS
PROGRAMMATIC EVOLUTION
FROM THE OUTSET OF THE
DESIGN PROCESS. EACH
ECO-SKYSCRAPER IS DESIGNED
TO ABSORB CHANGE AND
REFITTING OVER A LIFE-SPAN OF
100-150 YEARS WITH A HIGH
LEVEL OF FLOOR OCCUPANCY
EFFICIENCY.
THIS INVOLVES REMOVABLE
PARTIONS AND FLOORS, REUSE
OF SKYCOURTS, MECHANICAL
JOINTING TO ENABLE FUTURE
RECOVERY OF MATERIALS - ALL
WITH A MATRIX BASED ON
FLEXIBILITY AS A PARAMOUNT
CONDITION.
IN THE CASE OF THE EDITT
TOWER, YEANG ALLOWS THE
BUILDING TO EVOLVE TO AN
OFFICE OR RESIDENTIAL
PROGRAM LONG AFTER THE
ORIGINAL EXPOSITION TOWER
PROGRAM HAS BEEN RETIRED.
YEANG ADVOCATES FOR AN
EXHAUSTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE
NATIVE ECOSYSTEM HIERARCHY
AT THE OUTSET OF THE DESIGN
PROCESS.
TOWER, YEANG IDENTIFIED THE
SITE AS AN URBAN
ZERO-CULTURE MEANING THAT
ALL NATIVE ECOLOGY HAD BEEN
ANIHILATED. THE DESIGN
APPROACH FOCUSED ON THE
RESTORATION OF ORGANIC
MASS TO ENABLE ECOLOGICAL
SUCCESSION TO REPLACE THE
INORGANIC NATURE OF THE SITE
IN ITS CURRENT STATE OF
DEVASTATION.
SPECIES WERE SELECTED
THROUGH THE CONDUCTION OF
A SURVEY OF INDIGENOUS
PLANTING WITHIN A ONE MILE
RADIUS OF THE SITE SO AS TO
SELECT SPECIES THAT WOULD
NOT COMPETE WITH THOSE
ALREADY PRESENT.
THE TERM PLACE-MAKING
REPRESENS YEANGS SOLUTION
FOR SOLVING THE FAILURES OF
THE MODERN SKYSCRAPER.
THE MAJOR PROBLEM HE
IDENTIFIES IN THE
CONTEMPORARY HIGH-RISE IS
ONE OF POOR SPATIAL
CONTINUITY BETWEEN
STREET-LEVEL ACTIVITIES AND
THOSE ON THE UPPER FLOORS
OF THE TOWER, WHICH IS
CONVENTIONALLY BASED ON
REPETITIOUS, PHYSICAL
COMPARTMENTALISATION OF
FLOORS WITHIN AN INHERENTLY
SEALED ENVELOPE.
INSTEAD, YEANG ARGUES FOR A
CIVILIZED VERTICAL URBANISM -
A CONTINUOUS EXTENSION OF
STREET LIFE INTO THE
ELEVATED LEVELS OF THE
SKYSCRAPER INCLUDING
SKYCOURTS, ATRIAL SPACES
AND PLAZAS AS ONE WOULD
FIND IN A HORIZONTAL CITY.
AS YEANG DESCRIBES:
SKYSCRAPERS COULD BE
DESIGNED AS A SERIES OF
VERTICAL EVENTS LIKE A
SUPERBURGER, WITH A VARIETY
OF SPATIAL DELICACIES AT EACH
LEVEL.
TOWER, YEANG FOLLOWS THE
LINEAGE OF LE CORBUSIER AND
RICHARD MEIER IN GLORIFYING
THE RAMP AS A CONTINUAL
ARCHITECTURAL PROMENADE
AND A NEWPROGRAMMATIC
SPACE.
YEANGS PROJECTS ADVOCATE
FOR INTERNAL INTEGRATION OF
BIOMASS INTO A BUILDINGS
INORGANIC MASS BY MEANS OF
INTERNAL LANDSCAPING, AND
INTERNAL AIR QUALITY (IAQ)
CONSIDERATIONS. THIS
FURTHER ASSISTS WITH
CREATING AMBIENT COOLING,
EASING THE DEMANDS ON
ACTIVE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS.
HE IDENTIFIES THE FOLLOWING
THREE BASIC STRATEGIES FOR
GUIDING THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN BIOMASS AND THE
BUILT ENVIRONMENT:
YEANG IDENTIFIES INTEGRATION
AS THE OPTIMAL CONDITION,
WHICH ENABLES SPECIES
INTERACTION AND MIGRATION.
JUXTAPOSITIONING -
CONCENTRATED PLACEMENT OF
GREENING MATERIALS AT A FEW
LOCATIONS
INTERMIXING -
PATCHY DISTRIBUTION
THROUGHOUT THE BUILDING MASS
INTEGRATING -
GENERALLY TAKING THE FORM OF A
SPIRAL WRAPPING THROUGHOUT
THE BUILDING, INTEGRATING
ALLOWS FOR A LINK TO THE
EXISTENT GROUND PLANE
VEGETATION
EDITT TOWER BY TR HAMZAH & YEANG, SINGAPORE
PROGRAM
FINANCIAL VALUE
2
3
4
1
5
FINANCIAL VALUE
PROGRAM
1
2
3
4
5
NATURAL VENTILATION
USE OF GREENHOUSE AS A
TEMPERATURE REGULATOR
JUXTAPOSED PROGRAMS
LOCALLY PRODUCE ORGANIC FOOD
WITHOUT THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS
USE PLANTS TO CONVERT
CO2 RICH AIR TO O2 RICH AIR
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STUDIO READINGS
THE CATHEDRAL AND THE BAZAAR
ERIC S. RAYMOND -2003
BOTH LITERALLY AND FIGURATIVELY, THE BIOSPHERE FOR THE CATHEDRAL OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE EMBODIES RAYMONDS TYPOLOGY OF
A CATHEDRAL MODEL FOR PROJECT COORDINATION. LARGELY DUE TO THE CURSORY COMPETITION PROPOSAL LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, THE
BIOSPHERE IS NEITHER RESPONSIVE TO CHANGING DESIGN INPUTS, NOR IMPLEMENTABLE ON A STEP-BY-STEP BASIS. THIS IS NEVERTHELESS
SOMEWHAT IN KEEPING WITH THE EXAGGERATED NOTION OF TIME THAT A PROJECT THAT WAS BEGUN IN 1892 AND NEVER COMPLETED
EMBODIES.
REYNER BANHAM
WITH THE MASSIVE SCALE OF THE CATHEDRAL, BANHAMS ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL AND PASSIVE CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS READS
AS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT TO THE CATHEDRAL BIOSPHERE PROJECT. MANY OF THE PRECEDENTS BANHAM DISCUSSES - SUCH AS THE LARKIN
BUILDING AND ROYAL VICTORA HOSPITAL EMPLOYED SIMILAR SYSTEMS.
BIG FOOT
CALATRAVAS PROJECT USES A CITY-LANDMARK TO DRIVE HOME AN UNVOIDABLE MESSAGE, NOT ONLY TO THE COMMUNITY OR CITY, BUT
TO THE ENTIRE COUNTRY, THAT NO SCALE OF PROJECT IS TOO BIG TO BE EXEMPT FROM BEING ACCOUNTABLE FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSEQUENCES OF ITS CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION.
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JUNE 21 - 19:15
300 AZIM
UTH, 0 ALTITUDE
JUNE 21 - 4:45
60 AZIMUTH, 0 ALTITUDE
MARCH 20 - 6:00 60 AZIMUTH, 0 ALTITUDE
MARCH 20 - 18:00 60 AZIMUTH, 0 ALTITUDE
E
S
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DEC 21 - 16:45
DEC 21 - 7:15
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, 4
9
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2
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M
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, 4
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BUILDING NAME:
LOCATION:
ORIGINAL ARCHITECT:
ORIGINAL YEAR:
RENOVATION YEAR:
CATHEDRAL OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE
BIOSPHERE AND TRANSEPT COMPLETION
NEW YORK, NEW YORK
HEINS & LA FARGE (1892)
CRAM & FERGUSON (1911)
1892 - PRESENT (UNFINISHED)
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA
1992 (COMPETITION WINNER - NOT BEGUN)
- COMBINATION OF SIGNIFICANTLY
DIFFERENT PROGRAMS (CATHEDRAL AND
BIOSPHERE);
-NATURAL VENTILATION
- USE PLANTS TO CONVERT CO2 RICH AIR
TO O2 RICH AIR
- LOCALLY PRODUCE ORGANIC FOOD
WITHOUT BURNING FOSSIL FUELS
- USE OF GREENHOSUE AS A
CALATRAVAS WINNING 1992 COMPETITION
SUBMISSION TO COMPLETE THE SOUTH
TRANSEPT OF THE CATHEDRAL OF ST. JOHN
THE DIVINE WITH A ROOFTOP BIOSTATION
OFFERS A PASSIVE CLIMATE CONTROL
MECHANISM WHILE INTRODUCING AS A
RADICAL JUXTAPOSITION OF PROGRAMS;
AGE AND STYLE. THE PROJECT SUGGESTS
A DUALITY OF SIMULTANEOUS
DETERIORATION AND NEW CONSTRUCTION,
AN EMBODIMENT OF FRANK DUFFYS
SHEARING LAYERS OF CHANGE DIAGRAM.
PHILIP JOHNSON COMMENDED
CALATRAVAS PROPOSAL AS RECONCILING
THE PAST AND THE FUTURE. THE PROJECT
REINTERPRETS THE STRUCTURAL
RATIONALISM OF THE GOTHIC STYLE
IMBUING THE SECULAR PROJECT WITH A
SACRED AURA.
NOTE: ONE FAULT OF CALATRAVAS PROPOSAL IS THAT THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE FOR THE
SOUTH-FACING LONGITUDINAL SURFACE OF THE BIOSPHERE DOES NOT ALLOWFOR THE
INCREASED DEGREE OF REFLECTION THAT A HORIZONTAL SURFACE WOULD HAVE GENERATED.
THIS MEANS THAT DURING THE HOTTEST MONTHS, MOST OF THE SUNS LIGHT WAVES PENETRATE
THE GLASS FACADE CREATING INCREASED SOLAR HEAT GAIN DEMANDS THAT NATURAL
VENTILATION ALONE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO PASSIVELY COMPENSATE FOR.
OUR PROPOSED BIO-SHELTER... WOULD
HELP US COMPLETE THE BUILDING OF THE
CATHEDRAL AND MOST IMPORTANTLY,
BRING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES INTO A
SPACE DEVOTED TO BOTH WORSHIP AND
DAILY WORK.
- SANTIAGO CALATRAVA
MICHAEL H. MARSH
CATHEDRAL OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE BIOSPHERE BY SANTIAGO CALATRAVA, NEW YORK
FINANCIAL VALUE
PROGRAM
NATURAL VENTILATION
JUXTAPOSED PROGRAMS
C.S.J.D. BIOSTATION
ADAPTATION
STRATEGIES
THE RAISED GREENHOUSE IS FUNDAMENTAL TO
CALATRAVAS NEWCONCEPTION OF A LARGELY PASSIVE
CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE CATHEDRAL. AIR
WARMED THROUGH SOLAR HEAT GAIN OF THE
GREENHOUSE TO BE DRAWN DOWN INTO THE NAVE AND
CRYPT. AS LIGHT WAVES PASS THROUGH THE GLASS
PANES OF THE GREENHOUSE THEY ARE LENGTHENED
WHICH PREVENTS THEM FROM EXITING THE VOLUME OF
THE SPACE - A CLASSIC USE OF GREENHOUSE EFFECT
FOR PASSIVE HEATING.
THE PASSIVE FILTERING OF AIR THAT THE ORGANIC
MATTER PROVIDES FURTHER ALLOWS FOR A GREATER
RETENTION AND RECYCLING OF WARMED AIR WHICH
EASES THE HEATING LOAD DURING THE WINTER
MONTHS. NATURAL VENTILATION AND AMBIENT
COOLING LIKEWISE ALLOWS FOR REDUCTION OF
COOLING DEMANDS DURING SUMMER MONTHS.
THE BIOSTATION COULD BE POTENTIALLY USED FOR
LOCAL PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC FOOD, GREATLY
DIMINISHING THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS INVOLVED IN
TRANSPORTATION OF FOOD FROM LARGE DISTANCES.
THIS STRATEGY CONTRIBUTES TO A REDUCTION OF
CARBON FOOTPRINT FOR THE SURROUNDING
COMMUNITY.
CALATRAVA CHOSE TO OPEN THE BIO SHELTERS ROOF
TO THE SKY, REPLACING THE EXISTING INSUFFICIENT
TIMBER STRUCTURE WITH A NEWSTEEL AND GLASS
STRUCTURE EVOCATIVE OF GOTHIC TRACERY DETAIL.
THESE PANELS CAN ROTATE ABOUT THE LONGITUDINAL
AXIS TO ALLOWFOR OPENING OF THE ROOF AND
NATURAL VENTILATION. THIE PRESERVES THE ORIGINAL
SHAPE OF THE ROOF WHILE ALLOWING RAIN, ILGHT AND
AIR TO ENTER DIRECTLY TO THE ROOFTOP GARDEN.
THE DENSE POPULATION OF ORGANIC MATTER
THROUGHOUT THE BIOSHELTER IS INTENDED TO
CONVERT CARBON DIOXIDE RICH AIR BACK TO OXYGEN
RICH AIR, PROVIDING A PASSIVE MEANS OF FILTERING
AIR. CALATRAVA INTENDED THIS FRESH AIR TO BE
DRAWN DOWN INTO THE CRYPT AND NAVE TO EASE THE
DEMANDS UPON MECHANICAL SYSTEMS FOR AIR
FILTRATION.
CALATRAVAS CHOICE TO INTEGRATE THE SEEMINGLY
DISPARATE PROGRAMS OF CATHEDRAL AND
BIOSHELTER REPRESENTS A DISTINCTLY RADICAL
JUXTAPOSITION OF PROGRAMS. THE LARGE OCULUS
LOCATED AT THE CROSSING OF THE TRANSEPT AND
NAVE ALLOWS FOR VISUAL CONNECTION BETWEEN THE
CATHEDRAL AND ROOFTOP GARDEN. ONE CAN INFER
THROUGH CALATRAVAS SKETCHES A DELIBERATE
ATTEMPT TO REINTERPRET GOTHIC STRUCTURE
THROUGH THE LENS OF NATURE. THESE TWO STACKED
PROGRAMS REPRESENT AN ARCHITECTURAL
MANIFESTATION OF TWO VERY DIFFERENT FORMS OF
COMMUNION - ONE OF RELIGIOUS FORMALITY AND THE
OTHER OF SECULAR INFORMALITY.
MICHAEL H. MARSH
CATHEDRAL OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE BIOSPHERE BY SANTIAGO CALATRAVA, NEW YORK
3
4
2
5
1
6
FINANCIAL VALUE
PROGRAM
1
2
3
4
5
6
ENCOURAGE SOCIAL COHERENCE
WITHIN NEIGHBORHOODS
CONDENSATION COLLECTION TO
CULTIVATE EDIBLE ALGAE, FISH, ETC.
RECYCLE HUMAN WASTE +
BIODEGRADABLE GARBAGE
STUDIO READINGS
REYNER BANHAM
BANHAMS ARTICLE READS AS PARTICULARLY PRESCIENT WHEN CONSIDERING xDESIGNS URBAN SPACE STATION PROJECT,
WHICH ATTEMPTS TO RETHINK MODERN HVAC AND AIR HANDLING UNIT SYSTEMS WITH CIRCUIT-LIKE BIOMASS-DRIVEN BATTERIES FOR
RECHARGING CARBON DIOXIDE RICH AIR AND RECYCLING BIODEGRADABLE WASTE, WHILE ALSO ACTING AS A TEMPERATURE
REGULATOR.
BIG FOOT
IN A PERHAPS INTENTIONALLY PROVOCATIVE AND RADICAL GESTURE, THE URBAN SPACE STATION EXHIBITION FORCED A USER
TO VERY LITERALLY FACE THE CONSEQUENCES OF HIS EXISTENCE AND CARBON FOOTPRINT BY LIVING FOR A SHORT TIME IN THE
STATION AND RECYCLING HIS OWN HUMAN WASTE.
ELEMENTS OF PARAMETRIC DESIGN
ROBERT WOODBURY - 2010
THE USS IS MEANT TO BE SITELESS AND APPLICABLE TO ANY URBAN CONDITION. IT CAN BE HELIPORTED TO A HIGH-RISE SITE OR
BARN-RAISED BY THE LOCAL COMMUNITY. xDESIGNS DESCRIPTION OF THE UNIT AS SOMETHING THAT ONE MIGHT MAKE AN
APPOINTMENT FOR AND HAVING ONES BUILDING EVALUATED INDICATES THAT SUCH A STRATEGY WOULD NEED TO BE ENDLESSLY
ADAPTABLE TO VARYING URBAN CONDITIONS. THIS WOULD DOUBLTLESSLY BE DEPENDENT UPON A PARAMETRIC STRATEGY FOR
IMPLIMENTATION ON A WIDE-SCALE.
SUSTAINING ARCHITECTURE DURING A REVOLUTION
SUSANNAH HAGAN - 2009
ALTHOUGH THEORETICAL IN NATURE, THE URBAN SPACE STATION IS CONSISTANT WITH THE ARGUMENT HAGAN MAKES IN HER
ARTICLE THAT CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS MAY SOON FACE ECONOMICAL NECESSITY TO PROVIDE FOR THEIR CLIMATE CONTROL
AND FILTRATION SYSTEMS IN A LOCALIZED AND SUSTAINABLE CAPACITY. THE USS MAKES A FIRST STRIDE TOWARDS RETHINKING THESE
SYSTEMS IN AN INTEGRATED, OFF-THE-GRID CAPACITY.
+
+
+
+
BUILDING NAME:
LOCATION:
ORIGINAL ARCHITECT:
ORIGINAL YEAR:
RENOVATION YEAR:
URBAN SPACE STATION (USS)
40% SCALE MOCK-UP AT REINA SOFIA
MUSEUM, MADRID
NATALIE JEREMIJENKO OF xDESIGN
PROTOTYPE AT 2008 MADRID EXHIBITION
- USE PLANTS TO CONVERT CO2 RICH AIR
TO O2 RICH AIR
- RECYCLE HUMAN WASTE +
- LOCALLY PRODUCE ORGANIC FOOD
WITHOUT BURNING FOSSIL FUELS
- ENCOURAGE SOCIAL COHERENCE
- ALLOW FOR CONDENSATION COLLECTION
TO CULTIVATE EDIBLE ALGAE, SHRIMP,
FROGS, FISH ETC.
- ACT AS TEMPERATURE REGULATORS
THE URBAN SPACE STATION (USS) IS AN
ADVANCED INFLATABLE ETFE
GREENHOUSE PROTOTYPE THAT ARGUES
FOR A RADICAL RETHINKING OF MODERN
AIR HANDLING UNITS AND HVAC SYSTEMS.
THEY PROTOTYPICAL PNEUMATIC
STRUCTURE CAN BE ADAPTED TO MOST
CLIMATES AND URBAN SITES BY BEING
HELIPORTED OR LOCALLY BARN-RAISED
BY COMMUNITY MEMBERS. IT OFFERS
PASSIVE SOLUTIONS TO HUMAN WASTE
RECYCLING, TEMPERATURE REGULATION
AND CO2 FILTRATION. THE 40% SCALE
PROTOTYPE SHOWN HERE WAS BUILT FOR
A 2008 REINA SOFIA MUSEUM EXHIBITION
AND A USER LIVED FOR A SHORT TIME IN
THE USS BREATHING THE FILTERED AIR,
RECYCLING HIS HUMAN WASTE, AND
EATING THE PLATNS, ALGAE ETC.
CULTIVATED BY THE RECOVERED
CONDENSATION.
HYDROPONIC GREENHOUSE, TURNS AIR WE BREATH OUT INTO AIR WE CAN BREATH IN. USES
SOLAR-POWERED TURBINES TO PUMP THIS AIR. CONVERTS (BIODEGRADABLE) HUMAN WASTE INTO
FOOD FOR PLANTS. PLANTS ARE EDIBLE BY HUMANS. GREENHOUSE CREATES CONDENSATION WHICH
IS COLLECTED FOR AQUARIUM-DWELLING ANIMALS, ALSO EDIBLE BY HUMANS AND HAMSTERS.
BEAUTIFUL GREEN BUILDING HELMETS. HOW THIS PROJECT WOULD WORK, HYPOTHETICALLY, IS BY
APPOINTMENT. GO TO YOUR CLINIC, GET A PRESCRIPTION, SET UP A MEETING. HAVE YOUR BUILDING
EVALUATED, FIGURE OUT THE LOGISTICS OF YOUR SPACE, AND GET READY TO SET UP. HAVE WHAT THEY
REFER TO AS, WONDERFULLY, A BARN RAISING EVENT. AND GET YOURSELF SET UP!
ALL THE STUFF NEEDED TO DO THIS PROJECT CAN BE BOUGHT RELATIVELY CHEAPLY AND CAN BE
CONSTRUCTED BY A GROUP OF PEOPLE WITHOUT BIG MACHINES. URBAN AGRICULTURE, URBAN
ARCHITECTURE.
- NATALIE JEREMIJENKO
MICHAEL H. MARSH
USS (URBAN SPACE STATION) BY NATALIE JEREMIJENKO OF XDESIGN, 40% MOCK-UP IN SOFIA, MADRID 2008
PROGRAM
FINANCIAL VALUE
+
+
+
FINANCIAL VALUE
PROGRAM
ENCOURAGE SOCIAL COHERENCE
CONDENSATION COLLECTION TO
CULTIVATE EDIBLE ALGAE, FISH, ETC.
RECYCLE HUMAN WASTE +
URBAN SPACE STATION
ADAPTATION
STRATEGIES
THE URBAN SPACE STATION WORKS AS A
TEMPERATURE REGULATOR. THE AIR TURBINES
ARE SOLAR POWERED, WHICH MEANS THEY
CYCLE AIR PROPORTIONATELY TO SOLAR
EXPOSURE AND TEMPERATURE.
THE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE
INSIDE AND THE OUTSIDE OF THE INFLATABLE
ETF MEMBRANE GENERATES CONDENSATION.
THIS CAN BE HARVESTED INTO AQUARIUMS FOR
CULTIVATION OF EDIBLE ALGAE, FISH, FROGS,
SHRIMP ETC. THE FLORA GROWN BECOMES AN
IDEAL HABITAT FOR THIS FAUNA, WHICH CAN
ALSO BE CONSUMED BY THE OCCUPANTS.
THE GOAL OF THE URBAN SPACE STATION IS TO
PROVIDE A BEAUTIFUL COMMUNITY SPACE
WHICH ENHANCES THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR A
LOCAL BUILDING, COMMUNITY OR CITY, WHILE
MAKING USE OF OFF-THE-GRID PASSIVE
SYSTEMS.
ORGANIC FOOD IS GROWN WITHIN THE URBAN
SPACE STATION WITHOUT THE USE OF FOSSIL
FUELS MAKING USE ONLY OF THE RESORUCES
CONTINUALLY PROVIDED BY THE CIRCUIT. THIS
GREATLY MINIMIZES THE CARBON FOOTPRINT
OF THE COMMUNITY BY MINIMIZING ITS RELIANCE
UPON FOOD GROWN AT GREAT DISTANCES,
WHICH MUST THEN BE TRANSPORTED.
HUMAN WASTE, URINE, FECES AND
BIODEGRADABLE GARBAGE IS DIGESTED,
COLLECTED AND PUMPED INTO HYDROPONIC
GARDEN CIRCUITS TO FEED THE PLANTS. THIS
WASTE PROVIDES THE NUTRIENTS NECESSARY
FOR PLANT GROWTH WITHOUT THE NEED FOR
OUTSIDE FERTILIZERS.
HUMANS AND ANIMALS BREATH IN OXYGEN
RICH AIR AND BREATH OUT CARBON
DIOXIDE RICH AIR. PLANTS DO THE
OPPOSITE. THE URBAN SPACE STATION
MAKES USE OF THESE OPPOSING
PROCESSES TO CREATING A CIRCUIT IN
WHICH BOTH PLANTS AND ANIMALS CAN
THRIVE OFF OF EACHOTHERS OUTPUTS.
USS (URBAN SPACE STATION) BY NATALIE JEREMIJENKO OF XDESIGN, 40% MOCK-UP IN SOFIA, MADRID 2008
structural. passive systems. reduce.recycle.reuse.
structural.
structural.
the hearst tower
300 west 57th street, new york, ny
original : joseph urban 1928
addition : foster + partners 2006
_frst leed certifed building in nyc
_leed certifed gold
_global headquarters for the hearst corporation
diagrid frame
_20% reduction in structural steel (compared to a conventional
column grid frame)
_structure required 9,500 metric tons (10,480 tons) of steel
_continueous and uninterrupted load paths
_triangular bracing on the perimeter form an exoskeleton, able
to carry lateral, seismic and wind loads
_no additional bracing or concrete walls were needed inside
the building
_high performance, low emissive glass
_light sensors to control the amount of artifcial lights
_rainwater collection, water used to replace water lost to
evaporation from air conditioning
_25% less water dumped into the citys sewers
_heat conductive limestone in the atrium for heating and
cooling
_banned the use of materials, coatings and adhesives that
emit volatile organic compounds (v.o.c)
passive systems.
the old san francisco mint
san francisco, ca
original : alfred b. mullet 1860
renovation: hok 2012
_seeking leed certifed platinum
_vacant since 1995, purchased by the city of san francisco in 2003
_will be converted into a museum about the history of
san francisco
passive systems.
passive energy saving systems
_natural ventilation
_natural daylight
_rainwater collection
_occupational zones
_natural ventilation : windows are opened at specifc zones to
take advantage of a natural ventilation strategy (similar
to how the building was initially designed)
_ natural daylight : central courtyard provides natural light
throughout the interior space
_rainwater collection : rainwater is captured through a canopy
drainage system
_occupational zones : localized zones can be monitored and
controlled to efciently treat specifc needs
reduce.recycle.reuse.
unilever house london
london, england
original : sir john burnet & partners 1933
renovation: kphn pederson fox
_unilever global headquarters
_foorplates reconfgured to consolidate multiple cores into one
central atrium/core
_preserve the principle facades on blackfriar and watergate
_update the ofce spaces to be fexible and accomodating
reduce.recycle.reuse.
reduce.reuse.recycle.
reuse.recycle.
_87% of the materials reused/recycled (concrete, metals and
timber)
_18,813m3 of concrete recycled
_9,007 metric tons recycled (total of 9,500 tons in hearst)
_5,491m3 of original parquet fooring reused
reuse.recycle.
_87% of the materials reused/recycled (concrete, metals and
timber)
_18,813m3 of concrete recycled
_9,007 metric tons recycled (total of 9,500 tons in hearst)
_5,491m3 of original parquet fooring reused
reduce.
_london construction cosolidation center (lccc) setup,
a consolidated delivery location and system used
during the construction process to reduce
delivery trips to the congested city
_old single glazed windows replaced with double
glazed windows
_old
_new
INLAND STEEL BUIDLING CHICAGO USA
DATE OF CONSTRUCTION 1956 - SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL
DATE OF RETROFIT 2010 - SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL
PROJECT STRATEGY:
With the Inland Steel Building, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill had
the unique opportunity to revisit one of their own pioneering
designs from the 1950s. The rm was charged to renovate the
Chicago landmark by upgrading and modernizing the building
based on an oce hotelconcept, such that tenants are oered a
sustainable and fully outtted oce space while still allowing for
exibility in oce layout and size. The modernization included
upgrades to the faade and HVAC system and additions such as a
green roof all of which had to t within the buildings original
landmarked (and National Register Listed) aesthetic. The building
is on track to achieve LEED Platinum certication.
RETROFIT ATTRIBUTE: FINANCIAL VALUE
Higher rents
Private Financing + Public Landmark Funds
$20 million project cost
RETROFIT ATTRIBUTE:PROGRAM
Upgraded Class A oce space
Oce Hotel Partition System
New Revolving Arts Program in Lobby
RETROFIT ATTRIBUTE:ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
Double Glass Envelope + Interior Shading
New Upgraded HVAC (chilled beam)
Green Roof
Reusable Partition System
ORIGINAL FACADE:
Landmarked iconic design prevented any exterior changes like a pro-
posed exterior double skin envelope
NEW FACADE:
Incorporates motorized vertical blinds to provide shading and
control interior light - programmed to follow the sun by de-
fault but controllable by employees from their desktop com-
puters.
To get around the landmark requirements, a second glass en-
velope will be inserted within the existing faade to create an
active climate wall, naturally exhausting air heated by the
sun.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT NEW FACADE

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT HVAC
The renovation incorporates chilled beams to circulate cold water throughout the building and cool the interior environment, resulting in a 38% reduction in
energy consumption compared to a conventional oce building.
The new system is concealed behind a custom metal mesh ceiling, which also integrates sprinklers and high-eciency electric lights linked to occupancy
sensors and daylight dimming controls
CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM
The interior can be recongured without wasting material or time to accommodate each tenants specic needs.
Modular partitions plug into the building grid with spring-loaded connectors, taking advantage of Inlands
column-free space to allow the creation of virtually any interior conguration.
Lightweight partitions are -- only two inches thick
Acoustical insulation superior to many conventional frame walls
No waste created by interior demolition - Modular system can simply be recongured for a new set of needs
Tenants can choose from three coordinated palettes of environmentally-conscious nishes that clip onto the parti-
tion faade
PROGRAM / ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT INTERIOR PARTITIONS
FUTURE ELEMENTS
HIGHLY ADAPTABLE
INTERIOR PARTITIONS
INTERIOR DOUBLE WALL FACADE
1095 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS NEW YORK USA
DATE OF CONSTRUCTION 1974 - KAHN & JACOBS
DATE OF RETROFIT 2006 - MOED DE ARMAS & SHANNON, GENSLER
PROJECT STRATEGY:
With 1095 Avenue of the Americas, an ageing 1970s skyscraper in a
prime location was given a major faade facelift and modernization
upgrade, all while the building remained occupied. As the buildings
underlying steel structure was sound and oered generous
oor-to-ceiling heights, the decision was made to strip the original
marble and concrete faade and replace it with a contemporary glass
curtainwall. As some oors housed critical telecommunication
equipment, it could not be vacated during the upgrade, so an
intricate method of recladding the building was devised. Although
greenmotivations were not explicitly behind the buildings retrot,
the various upgrades worked to vastly improve the buildings
environmental performance.
Higher rents per square foot (~$90)
Private Financing
New Class A oce space
Increased total rentable space
New lobbies and elevators
New High Performance Curtainwall
Old materials recycled
New Upgraded HVAC
ORIGINAL FACADE:
antiquated shell with a 1970s aesthetic
black glass & marble facade that let in
too much wind, and not enough light
The wall is a stacking system of unitized panels that
slide into the panel below and clip in above.
New Clipping System welds to spandrel beam,
and clips to new facade panels
NEW FACADE:
High performance all-glazed facade oered better energy
performance than previous partialy glazed facade
Hung unitized panels with extra thick Viricon Glass (38-inch
outer lite and 516-inch inner lite)
Glass chosen for ability to minimize surface distortions and
allowed for frame to create truly at plane
Custom clipping system welded to web of spandrel beam and
allowed panel to be clipped into place, with an allowed ad-
justment of up to 1/32 of an inch

Installation of the facade was started
at three various heights along the elevation
(ground, 14th and 31st oors)
FACADE - RECLADDING PROCESS
Continuous occupancy requirements and an extremely limited construction schedule required an overlapping facade installation process
1. REMOVE OLD FACADE - Metal and Glass Stripped (metal recycled), Concrete and Marble Separated (marble recycled)
2. TEMPORARY WEATHER WALLS INSTALLED - Protected occupied oors and equipment, insulated standpipes
3. ASBESTOS ABATED, STEEL FIREPROOFED
4. NEW CLIPS WELDED TO SPANDREL BEAMS - Provided new connection for curtain wall modules
5. OVERLAPPED INSTALLATION OF NEW CURTAINWALL - simultaneous installation at ground, 14th and 31st oors to save time
STEPS 1 - 3 STEPS 4 - 5 STEPS 4 - 5
When the facade eventually met, zipper oors,
were created at where each section of the wall
comes together. At these oors the last panel that
joins the two sections does not have a spandrel,
but instead rests in spandrel below and clips into
the one above.
FUTURE ELEMENTS
OVERLAPPING FACADE INSTALLATION
PROCESS
UNIVERSAL/HIGHLY ADAPTABLE
FACADE CLIPPING SYSTEM
MUSEO DEL ACERO HORNO3 MONTERREY MEXICO
DATE OF CONSTRUCTION 1968 - UNKNOWN
DATE OF RETROFIT 2007 - GRIMSHAW, ATELIER TEN
PROJECT STRATEGY:
Situated in Mexicos National Industrial Heritage
Park, the Museo del Acero Horno3 (Museum of
Steel, Furnace 3) reuses a Monterreys iconic de-
commissioned steel furnace as its site. The retrot
strategy was tasked with nding a balance be-
tween architectural preservation, new program-
matic requirements and energy eciency. A
series of above and below grade pavilions were
added to accommodate administrative, gallery,
and multipurpose areas and are covered by an
innovative green roof. The furnace structure was
transformed into a one-of-a-kind gallery feature
and supported with unique passive architectural
and active systems strategies to reduce resource
consumption.
Non-Prot/Government
Complete change of use/program
Preservation of Iconic Structure
Addition of galleries & administrative space
Performance shading facade
Old materials recycled / repurposed
Active/Passive HVAC system
Green Roof
Greywater system
An underoor displacement ventilation is
employed in all system in all large spaces, such
as the furnace hall
PROGRAM / ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION OF FURNANCE, ADAPTIVE REUSE
NEW ADAPTIVE REUSE PROGRAM &
CIRCULATION
1. Main Lobby
2. Circular Stair & Elevator
3. Science Gallery
4. Performance Space
5. Workshop
6. Terrace
7 - 8. Green Roof
9. Cast Hall
10. Mechanical Plant
11. Oces
12. Elevator
13. Blast Furnance
14. Viewing Platform
EXTERIOR SOLAR SHADING
Climate concerns require a fully solar
shaded building
SKYLIGHT
Allows for natural lighting to penetrate all the way to the
ground oor, following main circulation stairs
HVAC PASSIVE SYSTEM
1. Outer setout circle
2. Inner setout circle
3. Faceted columns
4. Edge beams (facated, double tapering)
5. Transfer ring beam
6. Perimiter Support Column
7. Triangulated roof plate
8. Facted collar to support glass ring
9. Cantilevering terrace supports
10. Terrace Support Structure
PROGRAM / ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT STEEL GALLERY WITH GREEN ROOF
Green roof (largest in Latin America) makes use of native plants to limit water use, provides cooling for
steel gallery below
Steel Gallery was constructed using a 3-D parametric model to design the specilized steel elements
that make up the roof and structural columns seen below and at right
FUTURE ELEMENTS
PARAMETRIC GREEN ROOF SUPPORT
REUSE OF WASTE MATERIALS ON SITE
INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE AS FEATURE
RETROFIT: Power Grid
Generation wWholesale Distribution Retail Distribution
Intermittent Generation Conventional Generation
The Atlantic Wind Connection, a $5 billion project proposed by Google and Marubeni, a Japanese trading rm, would potentially bring 6,000 MW of clean power to 1.9 million households.
The proposed underground High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) lines would bypass the congested overground electricity grid on the Northeast corridor, and could be completed by 2021.
Existing High Voltage Direct Current ( HVDC) lines,
lacking oshore wind connections
RETROFIT: Power Plant
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
NYPA buys 23 acre site from ConEd
First commercial operations begin
885 MW plant is converted to dual capacity
NYPA agrees to close the project by 2010
Old project is closed
New 500 MW combined-cycle Plant opens
Site of experiments with soybean bio-fuel
EPA designates project as third largest
polluting power plant in US
Constuction begins on new tandem plant
NYPAs proposal for second 500 MW
plant on site is stalled
Underwater cable to plant in central Jersey
is most likely option for future
Petroleum Products
1,505
Motor Gasoline.........710
Distillate....................425
Residual...................140
Aviation Fuels...........199
LPG............................25
Kerosene....................5
1,133 97%
Transportation 1,153
178
403
122
300
85
31 (15%)
34 (16%)
Natural Gas
1,209
Coal
241
Other Fuels
990
Nuclear..........................453 (28%)
Hydro............................265 (16%)
Biofuel.............................41 (3%)
Net mported electric....230 (14%)
Residential 806
22%
50%
21% 167
Commercial 699
17%
43%
38%
ndustrial 215
39%
23% 50
264
Electric
Generation
1,636
25% 12% 2%
403 203 40
Conversion and
Losses
1,144
Electricity
Sales
492
Transportation total includes
19 TBtu of natural gas (2%)
Residential total
includes 58 TBtu of
wood & coal (7%)
Commercial
total includes
11 TBtu of
wood & coal
(2%)
ndustrial total includes
15 TBtu of wood and waste (7%)
2008 NEW YORK STATE ENERGY FLOW (TBtu)
Primary
Consumption
4,027 TBtu
=
Conversion and
Losses
1,144 TBtu
Net Consumption
2,883 TBtu
+
10 1%
Charles Poletti Power Plant
Astoria, Queens
In 2002 The New York Power Authority (NYPA)
contracted DMJM Harris and AECOM to construct
a new $650 million 500 megawatt (MW)natural gas
power plant tandem to the existing 885 MW
Charles Poletti Plant in Astoria, Queens.
The new plant uses existing infrastructure such as
gas supply, electric transmission, and fuel storage.
Utilizing combined-cycle technology, it consumes
30% less fuel per unit electricity than single-cycle
systems. The loss of total electric production remains
a contentious issue.
Turbine 1
Turbine 2
Electricity
Electricity
Gas
H
E
A
T
50%
Eciency
30%
Eciency
Dual Cycle Electricity Generation
New York Continues to operate at an
electricity decit, importing its utilities
from New Jersey and Canada.
RETROFIT: Institution
Oce of Emergeny Management
Brooklyn, NY
Swanke Hayden & Connell Architects
Unusual Program Requirements
- Large Emergency Control Room
- Conference and Press Rooms
- 24 Hour Watch Command
- Kitchens and Sleeping Areas
- Redundancy in Mechanical and
Telecommunications
- Blast Control
- Air Quality Monitors and Filtration
Secure Perimeter
Reinforced Concrete Facade
$ 50 Million Gut Renovation of Former
American Red Cross Building
LEED Silver Rating
Cores Relocated to Perimeter
to Allow for Blast-Proof
Transparency
Aspects of Site and Reuse
CBIP STUDIO // SPRING 2011 // SCOTT MARBLE
SIMON MCGOWN
ANCILLARY ADAPTION RESEARCH
CAIXA FORUM // MADRID, SPAIN // HERZOG & DE MEURON THE PORTER HOUSE // NEW YORK, NY // SHOP ARCHITECTS PHILOLOGY LIBRARY// BERLIN, GERMANY // NORMAN FOSTER
New York Must Plan for Two Competing Goals
1. Reduce its Carbon Emissions by 30% by 2030
2. To Provide Space to for an
CO
2010
2
Reduce 30% of
Add 1 million
by
1. Demolish and Rebuild
Three Strategies
Three Strategies
2. Keep and Rehabilitate
3. Keep and Hybridize
Three Strategies
3. Keep and Hybridize
Three Strategies = A Hybrid Strategy
FNF HFE
PHILOLOGY LIBRARY
THE PORTER HOUSE
FNF HFE // MUNICH, GERMANY // HERZOG & DE MEURON // 2001
FNF HFE
1
History: The former district is the
historic heart of thecity and is located
between Salvatorplatz in the north,
Promenade Place and Cardinal
Faulhaber-Strasse to the west, the east
and Theatinerstrae Frauenkirche and
Marienhof in the southwest and
southeast. Namesake of the area were
the old Church of the Cross and the
cross street (which was in today's time
to promenade position)
CityQuartier FNF HFE
Total area: 48,000 m
Shops: 17,500 m (including 2,450 m
of restaurants)
Office space: approximately 24,500 m
Kunsthalle: 3,200 m
Residential units: 26 (3,300 m)
STRATAGY FOR ADAPTION
FNF HFE // MUNICH, GERMANY // HERZOG & DE MEURON // 2001 2
PLANNING AREA MID-DEMOLISION
LIGHT + SURFACE
A HYBRID ADDAPTION
ORIGINAL: 1967-79 , Georges Candilis and Alexis
Josic, and Manfred Schiedhelm (Team X)
History: Rost- und Silberlaube Rust and Silver-
Bucket No spatial barrier btw disciplines, spatio-
temporal critic. Horizontal mat building, expandable
system with mobile interior partitions. Concept of
growth and expansion as the four-dimensional qual-
ity of the architecture.
Original Construction: prefabricated steel beams
and composite steel and concrete columns. A
demountable, clipped together system for antici-
pated future change growth. A systeme tabouret
[stool system] structure, fixed mullions with Corten
panels sandwiching internal insulation and mounted
from the inside with neoprene gaskets and bases on
Corbusiers Modular system. Carpets reproduced by
original company, colors: red, yellow, green, blue,
purple used for orientation.
Rehabilitation: Abestos Removal (1999), Library
(2001-2005), completion (2007)
PHILOLOGISCHE BIBLIOTHEK
3 PHILOLOGISCHE BIBLIOTHEK // BERLIN, GERMANY // NORMAN FOSTER // 2005
STRATAGY FOR ADAPTION
AIR, LIGHT, & PROGRAM
SYNTHESIS OF FORM
ORIGINAL:
1905, Julius Wile wine importer,
66 Ninth Avenue, New York, NY
Warehouse in Meatpacking District
RENOVATION:
$22 million renovation.
30,000 SF six story with a 15,000 SF four
story addition.
22 residences from 900 - 3,400 SF
One bedroom ($735,000) - four-
bedroom ($4.15 million)
Jeffery Brown (majority owner) with
SHoP Architects waiving fees for a per-
centage of profits.
Kevin Roche Kevin Roche
THE PORTER HOUSE // NEW YORK, NY // SHOP ARCHITECTS // 2003
THE PORTER HOUSE
6
THE PORTER HOUSE // NEW YORK, NY // SHOP ARCHITECTS // 2003 6
THE PORTER HOUSE // NEW YORK, NY // SHOP ARCHITECTS // 2003 6
Patined bronze to replace original Corten
steel by Jean Pouve. New detailing to improve energy
conservation. Green roofing for insulating.
When we dismantled parts of the university to create a
larger courtyard as a site for the new library, we realised
that we could reuse the component pieces to add a further floor
over some areas of the building. We were adapting and recycling
the structure in response to growth and change - exactly as
Candillis-Josiac-Woods and Jean Prouve had intended. - David
Nelson
The removal of 6 courtyards to provide the new site within for
the library.
Construction:
EUR 59.3 million (Library: EUR 18.5 million)
Concept: Climate Office, Buckminister Fuller, Optimal
energy performance with the smallest surface area
Double Shell structure, concrete inner building, facade in
steel frame with aluminum and glass facets. (64m l,
19m h, 55m w), 6290m^2 main floor.
Structure: Mero Frame (lightweight, demountable system)
and concrete floor slabs.
Exterior skin: silver pvf2-coated aluminum panels (70% SA)
with double glazed units (30% SA). A solar engine, heating
air up naturally. Air is directed from prevailing winds through
the lower portion of the facade and exhausted through mechanized
panels. The building is natural ventilated for 60% of the year.
Interior Skin: white-translucent fiberglass fabric w/ transparent
patches with patches of translucent ETFE.
Programmatic: Free movement between enclosed spaces and
corridors is brought to an end with grouped enclosures and
reception areas for departments to decrease vandalism and theft.
The Librarys shape developed from a box to the brain for multiple
reasons, including the passivity of light to the existing spaces front
the courtyard. The shape obstructs less light while collecting natural
air and paneled according to a sun path diagram.
Environmental Controls: Building Management System (BMS) controls
several sub systems. 35% eneregy savings. Concrete floor slabs act with
a high thermal inertia with radiant heating/cololing piping. A below
basement plenum permits fresh air into the building, allowing it to rise
naturally through the stacks. The double skin is porous and creates an
internal stack affect.
Construction:
CityQuartier FNF HFE (Union Investments)
Total area: 48,000 m
Shops: 17,500 m (including 2,450 m of restaurants)
Office space: approximately 24,500 sqm
Kunsthalle: 3,200 m
Residential units: 26 (3,300 m)
Paving:
Pressed stone slabs with prints by Thomas Ruff.
Programmatic: -
Salvatorpassage, glassed in space, 90m long, 10 m wide,
and 14m high, a hanging garden of 10m long vines, diffuses
the light as well as creates green hues and color.
The Kunsthaus exhibition space expanded by a third (1,185m)
Environmental Controls: -
Light boxes are cut into the Kunsthaus ceiling with the
ame detailing as the artifical light diffusers, creating an
ambiguity between artificial and natural sources of light.
CONSTRUCTION:
Facade: Zinc Facade System, custom-designed and formed,
pre-weathered metal pan cladding system with a self-flashing
rain screen over a layer over the water shield membrane. 4,000
panels were made. Developed through Solidworks to allow
the nesting of three folded metal sizes on a 1x3m sheet of zinc.
Structure:
Original load bearing perimeter brick exterior wall av nd cast-iroin
columns on spread footings. Floors are supported two layers of
heavy timber planking on 10x14 solid timber joists of yellow pine
4 on center. The joists are framed into 18deep steel girders
supported on circular cast-iron columns and wall on a 16 grid, with
a diamter of 12 at the basement and 7 at the roofline.
A non-combustable fire-rated barrier must be btw new and old
construction. New floors were composed on concrete slabs on metal
decking on a steel frame.
A new reinforced-concrete frame with small piles dug 70 feet deep
into the bedrock, half in tension and half in compression. Two
cores were removed and a new central lift made of steel framing
and stair was added. This new core transfers lateral loads for both
the new and old building
225 tons of steel, 85 tons for steel braced frames, and 25 for the
cantilevering space truss
Programmatic:
Zoning ordinance required a 15 setback from the adjacent street
and 10 from the adjacent avaenue.
Environmental Controls:
All Mechanical systems were place on the roof of the new addition.
Kraanspoor
Location: amsterdam,The netherlands
Architect : oTH
Date of Renovation: 2006-2007
Client: InG real Estate Development netherlands, Den Haag
HistoRiC PReseRvAtion AnD Reuse
This project reused an old shipyard, preserving its crane structure as a monument
to the citys industrial history. The glass box hovers over the bulky steel structure
with a series of 3m columns.
The pre-existing facilities have been utilised in the buildings new function. The
former four old stairwells still remain as entrance to the building and are foreseen
with panorama lifts and new stairs. The two gangways/catwalks alongside the con-
crete craneway function as fire-escape routes. In the heart of the original concrete
structure, underneath the new structure, is extensive archive/storage space.
Thanks to the preservation and redevelopment of an existing structure and the
careful use of materials and resources, the Kraanspoor project demonstrates that
a sound environmental approach is compatible with good integration in the site
and architectural quality.
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tHe FACADe
The entire volume is enveloped by a double glazed facade. The interior facade
consists of a wooden curtain wall with double glazed windows throughout the full
span of the plates. at each floor level there is a maintenance walkway protected by
a second glazed skin. Motorized sun louvres and a double-skin facade system keep
good environmental control in the building. The facade provides optimum natu-
ral lighting, good heating performance and also gives an unrestricted view of the
outside environment.
tHe FLooRs
The floors are formed by thin prefabricated concrete slab modules. These floors
incorporate the lower wing of the steel sections into a single peice. The standard
modules are 7225 mm long and 2400 mm wide, and are arranged in the longitudi-
nal direction of the building. supporting plywood panels between the steel profiles
finish the floor. The steel beams of the slim floors are flushly welded to the main
beams. The total structural height of the floor is only 398 mm (70 mm of concrete)
The fan coils, the extraction networks, the piping, wiring, etc. are incorporated
within this floor. The thin concrete layering allows for cooling ceilings, the use of
the heat inertia of the concrete floors and natural ventilation. The lightweight steel
framework and the use of a mixed prefabricated floor contribute to the success of
this project.
MccorMacK p.o. + c.H.
Location: Boston Mass
Architect : Goody clancy
Client: U.s. General services administration
HistoRiC PReseRvAtion
originally constructed from 1931 to 1933, the historic Mccormack federal building
is a major symbol of the federal relief programs of the 1930s, as well as one of the
finest examples of art Deco in the area. The original vision was to take this tired,
old building and restore it to meet the modern, functional needs of the tenants
while still respecting the historic identity.
older buildings such as this are inherently sustainable. The original materials are
incredibly durable and it is built with large windows that lend themselves well to
sustainable design. a chalenging aspect to the project was the need to fabricate
modern windows that could absorb blasts without shattering into the space while
keeping the facade historically accurate.
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tHe GReen RooF
a nearly 9,000 sF green roof in the center of the building covers over 25% percent
of the site footprint, providing both views and an important open space for
occupants. The roof is planted with native species that, once established, should
require no irrigation. captured rainfall gathered from upper roof areas is stored
in cisterns inside the building and provide irrigation during drought conditions.
Vegetated roofs also help insulate the building, cutting down on energy use and
costs and helping minimize the urban heat island effect.
ACtive systems
solar panels power the irrigation pumps that collect rainwater for vegetation. a
lighting system with occupancy sensors and dimming switches adjusts lighting
levels according to the daylight coming in the building. The use low volatile organic
compound (Voc) products contribute to overall better environmental quality.
Bicycle racks, showers and changing rooms were incorporated into the design to
encourage green transportation to and from the building,
PAssive systems
other green strategies in the renovation include: clustering the mechanical
systems in the center of the space to facilitate day lighting. In addition, an open
office plan increases occupant density and long-term fiexibility.
ReCyCLeD mAteRiALs
86 percent of the construction debris was recycled on site, and materials used on
the project were bought and delivered from within 500 miles.
enveLoPe enHAnCement
construction teams also managed the full replacement of the existing windows,
which will help reduce the energy costs within the building due to the reduction
in static pressure and the higher insulation value in the shell of the building. The
diagrams below show the improvements in interior heat loss performance through
the use of r11 insulation
sparKassE BanK
Location: Ludwigshafen, Germany
Architect : Thiemo Ebbert Imagine Envelope architects
Client: sparkasse Vorderpfalz
HistoRiC PReseRvAtion AnD Reuse
Weather penetration and poor insulation, as well as an outmoded appearance, led
the bank to initiate a refurbishment of the buildings facade and its heating and
cooling systems. The goal of this project was to bring this building, built in the
1970s, to a modern level of energy consumption and user comfort. one stipulation
to the project that drove the direction of the design was that the interior had been
refurbished shortly before, and the procedure had to be conducted without any
negative impact on the use of the building. It had to be done almost entirely from
the outside.
The original buildings design and materials are common to many buildings con-
structed in Europe in the 1960s and 70s, and therefore the sparkasse Vorderpfalz
re-skinning process has the potential to be reproduced on a wide scale. perhaps
the most significant aspect of the project in terms of reproducibility is the fact that
it was completed with minimal disruption for the occupants. The expense and lost
work time that conventional recladding methods cause is a major deterrent for
many organizations when they contemplate improving the energy efficiency of their
buildings.
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DoubLe skin
The architects solution was to take advantage of the existing service platforms
on the outside of the tower to fit a new skin of laminated glass mounted on a
steel frame. This created a weatherproof envelope and a cavity between the new
facade and the original exterior of the building within which the retrofitting work
could proceed without interrupting the buildings occupants. Venetian blinds are
mounted inside the cavity to reduce solar gain. They also serve to deflect some of
the sunlight into the building to reduce the need for electric lighting..
HvAC
a system of small HVac systems are distributed and mounted throughout the
cavity which allows for local environmental control of the buildings spaces
nAtuRALy ConDitioneD AiR
The new skin has enabled the use of a number of smart building systems. In
summer, the cavity created by the new skin is opened at the top allowing the
natural up draught to drag used air from the building. In winter, the cavity is
opened at the bottom so that air can be warmed by the sun before entering the
heating systems. Furthermore, the temperature in each section of the cavity on
the four sides of the building is constantly monitored, and warm air can be moved
from one section to another as required. In addition, the decentralized HVac
system means that fresh air is brought in and conditioned only when and where it
is needed, eliminating the need for transporting air within the building. occupants
can control the temperature and lighting of their individual offices and sensors
switch equipment off when there is no one present.
FinAnACiAL beniFit
The better thermal insulation provided by the new skin, the intelligent HVac
systems and the daylight-deflecting sun blinds have led to an almost 65
percent improvement in the buildings energy performance. Furthermore, the
refurbishment has significantly improved the occupants control of their individual
environments and their overall comfort inside the building. The energy savings and
improved maintenance means that the investment in the re-skinning should pay
back within 13 years.
Source:
-Interview with Jo Lombardi
-www.josephpelllombardi.com/projects/mohawk.html
-http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_208/thingsarefnally.html
Firm: Joseph Pell Lombardi Architects
Name of Project: The Mohawk Atelier
Date: Construction 2000-2009
Address: 161 Duane Street, New York
Previous: Commercial Buildings, inc.
Mohawk Electric Company HQ
New: Luxury Condos,
7 floors, 12 apartments
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Conversion of two historically signifcant build-
ings: one built in 1892 as a Romanesque Revival
commercial building and the second built in 1845
and used as a whalebone cutting establishment.
Te two buildings are combined to create residen-
tial lofs, an apartment spans across both buildings.
Te project was approved by the Landmarks Pres-
ervation Commission in 2008.

When opened in 2006, the 3-bedroom duplex pent-
house was going for $5.99 million
Te frm JPL specializes in restoration, adaptive re-
use, preservation and contextual new buildings.
Lombardi installed modern appliances, elevators
and new wood foors around the buildings original
beams and columns.
Interior fnishes: Merbau wood fooring, green
granite kitchens, freplaces, no garage, no doorman.
At the time this building was renovated we were
not required to meet the new energy code or per-
form any special energy analysis. We treated this
building the same way we have done on all the oth-
er pre-energy code buildings over the years:
Removed the single glazed windows and replaced
them with double glazed windows.
Te interior surface of the exterior walls was sim-
ply exposed brick masonry. We installed insulation
and gypsum wallboard which greatly improved the
energy efciency.
Similarly, at the roof, we installed R30 insulation
and gypsum wallboard which greatly improved the
energy efciency.
We installed an energy efcient modular gas boiler
for heating.
We installed an energy efcient chiller with insu-
lated piping for air conditioning.
Source:
Interview with Maxwell Pau, the project manager on the renovation.
Interview with Ryan Hofman of Heapy Engineering (the energy consultants on the project)
http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/bts/archives/adaptivereuse/10_Denison_Bryant/default.asp
http://www.beyerblinderbelle.com/index.php?ID=2
http://www.denison.edu/ofces/publicafairs/featuredstories/leed_certifcation.html
Firm: Beyer Belle Architects & Planners
Firm: Heapy Engineering
Name of Project: Denison U. Bryant Arts Center
Date: 2009
Address: Granville, Ohio
Size: 45,000 sq.ft
Construction Cost: $14M
Previous: Mens gymnasium
Mohawk Electric Company HQ
New: Arts center, inc. classrooms,
galleries, offices and studio spaces
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LEED-NC Version 2.2 Final GOLD Project Checklist
Yes ? No
9 5 Sustainable Sites 14 Points
Y Prereq 1 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Required
1 Credit 1 Site Selection 1
1 Credit 2 Development Density & Community Connectivity 1
1 Credit 3 Brownfield Redevelopment 1
1 Credit 4.1 Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access 1
1 Credit 4.2 Alternative Transportation, Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms 1
1 Credit 4.3 Alternative Transportation, Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles 1
1 Credit 4.4 Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity 1
1 Credit 5.1 Site Development, Protect or Restore Habitat 1
1 Credit 5.2 Site Development, Maximize Open Space 1
1 Credit 6.1 Stormwater Design, Quantity Control 1
1 Credit 6.2 Stormwater Design, Quality Control 1
1 Credit 7.1 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof 1
1 Credit 7.2 Heat Island Effect, Roof 1
1 Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction 1
Yes ? No
4 1 Water Efficiency 5 Points
1 Credit 1.1 Water Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50% 1
1 Credit 1.2 Water Efficient Landscaping, No Potable Use or No Irrigation 1
1 Credit 2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 1
1 Credit 3.1 Water Use Reduction, 20% Reduction 1
1 Credit 3.2 Water Use Reduction, 30% Reduction 1
Yes ? No
12 5 Energy & Atmosphere 17 Points
Y Prereq 1 Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems Required
Y Prereq 2 Minimum Energy Performance Required
Y Prereq 3 Fundamental Refrigerant Management Required
10 Credit 1 Optimize Energy Performance 1 to 10
3 Credit 2 On-Site Renewable Energy 1 to 3
1 Credit 3 Enhanced Commissioning 1
1 Credit 4 Enhanced Refrigerant Management 1
1 Credit 5 Measurement & Verification 1
1 Credit 6 Green Power 1
continued
Denison Univ - Cleveland Hall Renovation
May 6, 2010
Denison University Cleveland Hall 5/6/2010 1 of 2 Prepared by Heapy Engineering
Yes ? No
5 8 Materials & Resources 13 Points
Y Prereq 1 Storage & Collection of Recyclables Required
1 Credit 1.1 Building Reuse, Maintain 75% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 1
1 Credit 1.2 Building Reuse, Maintain 95% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 1
1 Credit 1.3 Building Reuse, Maintain 50% of Interior Non-Structural Elements 1
1 Credit 2.1 Construction Waste Management, Divert 50% from Disposal 1
1 Credit 2.2 Construction Waste Management, Divert 75% from Disposal 1
1 Credit 3.1 Materials Reuse, 5% 1
1 Credit 3.2 Materials Reuse,10% 1
1 Credit 4.1 Recycled Content, 10% (post-consumer + pre-consumer) 1
1 Credit 4.2 Recycled Content, 20% (post-consumer + pre-consumer) 1
1 Credit 5.1 Regional Materials, 10% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally 1
1 Credit 5.2 Regional Materials, 20% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally 1
1 Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1
1 Credit 7 Certified Wood 1
Yes ? No
9 6 Indoor Environmental Quality 15 Points
Y Prereq 1 Minimum IAQ Performance Required
Y Prereq 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Required
1 Credit 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1
1 Credit 2 Increased Ventilation 1
1 Credit 3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction 1
1 Credit 3.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy 1
1 Credit 4.1 Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants 1
1 Credit 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials, Paints & Coatings 1
1 Credit 4.3 Low-Emitting Materials, Carpet Systems 1
1 Credit 4.4 Low-Emitting Materials, Composite Wood & Agrifiber Products 1
1 Credit 5 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control 1
1 Credit 6.1 Controllability of Systems, Lighting 1
1 Credit 6.2 Controllability of Systems, Thermal Comfort 1
1 Credit 7.1 Thermal Comfort, Design 1
1 Credit 7.2 Thermal Comfort, Verification 1
1 Credit 8.1 Daylight & Views, Daylight 75% of Spaces 1
1 Credit 8.2 Daylight & Views, Views for 90% of Spaces 1
Yes ? No
5 Innovation & Design Process 5 Points
1 Credit 1.1 Innovation in Design: Education 1
1 Credit 1.2 Innovation in Design: Green Cleaning 1
1 Credit 1.3 Innovation in Design: Greatly Exceed EAc6 1
1 Credit 1.4 Innovation in Design: Greatly Exceed SSc5.2 1
1 Credit 2 LEED Accredited Professional 1
Yes ? No
44 25 Project Totals (pre-certification estimates) 69 Points
Certified 26-32 points Silver 33-38 points Gold 39-51 points Platinum 52-69 points
Denison University Cleveland Hall 5/6/2010 2 of 2 Prepared by Heapy Engineering
Previously a gym for the school, the renovation (and additions)
were focused on LEED, in the fnal LEED Checklist , the project
has ofcially achieved 44 points out of 69 possible in the LEED for
New Construction v2.2 Rating System. Tis includes all 10 energy
points under EAc1 Optimize Energy Performance, which is equiv-
alent to a 37% energy cost savings.
Beyer Blinder Belle retained the gymnasiums original brick walls
but replaced the timber-frame interior with a modern steel struc-
ture, allowing for upgrades to lighting, circulation, and ventilation.
A new four-story central atrium connects the diferent foors while
leaving them open to skylights above.
Re-use of material was done wherever possible. Te architects
exposed existing steel, concrete, and ductwork, and they salvaged
the paint-splattered wood foor from the old painting studio for
the new atrium, where it now hangs on the wall.
Water-efciency: low-fush toilets and waterless urinals.
University bought greenpower for several years.
Building was previously not accessible for the disabled.
All the additions were build twithin the existing building or within
the landscape some are buried
Previously just un-insulated brick walls. Tey used a spray-on, en-
vironmentally friendly, insulation. Te interior walls were redone.

37% energy cost savings
Outside energy consultant hired with LEED specialty.
Aimed to get LEED Silver, ended up Gold (inc. 10 energy points under EAc1 Opti-
mize Energy)
Circulation greatly afected: students and faculty can move within the building which
has connected previously separate spaces. (now there is no need to go outside). Te
atrium acts as a connection node for a variety of program.
Program also greatly changed: its no longer just a mens gym, ofces, library, class-
rooms, art studios
Water-Efciency: dual-fush toilets, low-fow faucets and waterless urinals. Building is
30% more efceint than the Energy Policy Act of 1992 calls for.
A link to history preserved (exposing of structure, recycling of materials)
No actual overseeing by a preservation agency
Recycling: 50% of demolition/constructionw as was reused or recycled
1/3 of the buildings 2-yr electric consumpution purchased with green credits.
Lighting: high-efciency. Sensors.
Insulation of Bryant Arts Center: made of recycled denim and cotton fbers.
Cleaning: green cleaning methods are being utilized.
HVAC: 21 % more efcent than standards (A. Society of Heating...)
No information available on energy savings
No outside energy consultant hired.
No LEED Certifcation attempt
Circulation greatly afected: there is continuity between the two build-
ings now.
Water-Efciency: not accounted for.
A link to history preserved: facade and old sign.
Approved by the Landmark Commission.
Recycling: Not addressed
Energy efcient Chiller and insulated piping for AC were installed
Energy Efcient Modular gas boiler for heating
Roof: installed R30 insullation and gypsum wallboard
Windows changed from single- to double-glazed
Interior walls were insulated (previously exposed brick)
Firm: Ooms Avenhorn Holding BV,
in collaboration with WTH and TipSpit
Name of Project: Road Energy Systems
Date: 2008
Where: Netherlands
Inventor: Henk Verweijmeren
Founded: Invisible Heating Systems
Source: http://www.denverpost.com/ci_7858539
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,319434,00.html
http://www.ooms.nl/
http://www.invisibleheating.co.uk/news/
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WHAT:
Solar energy from a 200-yard stretch of road and
a parking lot: powers a 70-unit 4-story apart-
ment complex in the small village of Avenhorn,
northern Netherlands. Completed in 2007.
Example 2: the heat stored from 36,000 sq f
of pavement during the summer helps keep a
160,000 sq f-industrial park warm in the winter.
Example 3: if utilized on roads, it reduces road
maintenance and repair because the heat col-
lected in the summer can then heat the road in
the winter, thus minimizing the need for salt,
and damage incurred by the thawing/freezing
process. Improved trafc safety (roads remain
ice free). Less damage to environment.
HOW: A latticework of fexible pipes, held in
place by a grid, is covered over by asphalt, which
magnifes the suns thermal power. As water in
the pipes is heated, it is pumped deep under the
ground to natural aquifers where it maintains a
fairly constant temperature of about 20 C. Te
heated water can be retrieved months later to
keep the road surface ice-free in winter. Alter-
natively, the system can pump cold water from a
separate reservoir to cool homes or ofce build-
ings in the summer.
WHERE: Under asphalt and concrete pave-
ments.
Works for both existing and new constructions.
Tough the water typically isnt hot enough on
its own - it must frst go through an electricity-
powered heat pump - and the installation .
INITIAL COST: about twice that of a conven-
tional gas heating system,
SAVING: the energy required is only about
half of what would otherwise be needed. Lower
heating bills AND 50% less carbon emissions.

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