Black Holes in Higher Dimensions (V)

Roberto Emparan ICREA & U. Barcelona 3rd Asian Winter School, Beijing 7-17 Jan 2009

 Charges & Dipoles (<0) Extremal black holes Some general results on hi-d black holes

Charges & Dipoles

Charged black holes

Black holes in D dimensions can carry a conserved electric charge for a 2-form field strength F
(or, dually, magnetic charge w.r.t. D2-form)

Q=
S D2

F(2)

Hi-D Reissner-Nordstrom in Einstein-Maxwell is easy:

Dipoles
Conserved gauge charge for asymp flat solns can only be electric w.r.t. a 2-form field strength F (or dual magnetic w.r.t. D-2-form) But higher p-forms can also be excited although they have no net charge associated Simplest: black rings as dipoles of H SD-3 String:

H(3)=dB(2) z
Btz

S D3

H(3)

Ring: SD-3

Now q is not conserved: can shrink ring to zero

Bt

Simplest set up: minimal 5D sugra

Einstein+Maxwell+Chern-Simons
1 I= 16G 8 R 1 2F F F F A 3 3

Ring couples electrically to F (charge Q ) and magnetically to its magnetic dual 3-form *F (dipole q) F(2) q = Q= F(2) S3 S2 Exact solutions available: Non-extremal charged&rotating bh (Susy BMPV) Black rings: non-susy, w/ dipole, and w/ or w/out charge (but not most general) supersymmetric (w/ charge and dipole) Most results extend to sugra w/ vectors

Dr6 Sugra (ungauged)

No known charged rotating bh solutions mere technical problem: they must exist! (presumably numerically) No susy bhs known
static seem unlikely (but no simple argument) stationary? 6D susy rings?

(Small susy bhs do exist: e.g. from FP strings)

Stability of rings w/ charges and dipoles

Charge increases stability Supersymmetric black rings expected to be linearly stable Near-susy are expected stable too Dipole rings (w/out conserved charges): fat rings radially unstable / thin rings radially stable GL instability expected to switch-off close to extremality (even if not close to susy) larger stability window than for neutral rings

(<0)

BHs with Cosmo Constant: Neutral

Schw-(A)dS Kottler 1918, Witten 1998 Rotating (A)dS black hole w/ all spins
Carter 1968, Hawking et al 1998, Gibbons et al 2004

Def of mass & spins subtle but clarified: satisfy 1st law (but not Smarr) Phase space: solutions exist inside the

5D
M J2 J1 BPS bound: MLAdS r i|Ji|

6D

"deformed inverted pyramids"

Chrusciel et al (Witten-type proof)

not saturated by these bhs only in Dr6 w/ one spin

iLAdS b1: Hartle-Hawking state exists: matter at infty

can corotate with horizon

iLAdS >1: Ergoregion instability (superradiant black

hole bomb) but endpoint unknown. Dual CFT matter would rotate superluminally Hawking+Hunter+Taylor, Hawking+Reall

Extremal bhs lie in unstable region but instability may be very slow for small bhs Black rings in AdS: blackfold approach (thin rings) Multi-bh configurations presumably can (asymptotically) saturate the BPS bound in any D

AdS phase diagram w/ one spin

A
(Thin AdS rings and Saturns in any Dr5 can be studied w/ approximate techniques (cf. lecture 6))

D=5
fixed M
J=MLAdS

J "compressed" versions of =0

Dr6

J=MLAdS

BHs in Gauged Sugras

Static charged bhs extremal is not BPS Rotating BPS bhs in 5D sugra (minimal+vectors)
Gutowski+Reall Kunduri et al

Non-extremal rotating charged in U(1)3 not the most general yet Pope et al Non-extremal and susy rotating bhs in 6D gauged sugra Chow

Extremal black holes

Extremal = zero surface gravity = zero temperature

BPS Extremal but Extremal BPS

Extremal entropy often simplifies, e.g.: extremal Kerr: S=2|J| (quantized & indep of G !) extremal 5D Myers-Perry: S=2|J1J2|1/2 Extremal Near-Horizon Geometry simplifies:
Typically exhibits attractor mechanism (independence from asymptotic moduli) entropy can be extrapolated from strong to weak coupling Typically has conformal symmetry SL(2,R) (from AdS2 factor) dual CFT entropy counting via Cardy formula (eg Kerr/CFT)

Near-horizon geometry of extremal black holes +

H Choose Gaussian null (Eddington-Finkelstein) coordinates (v, r, x a) Assume extremal horizon: v H r

Reall Kunduri,Lucietti, Figueras,Rangamani

ds2 = r2 F (x, r)dv2 + 2dvdr + 2rha (x, r)dvdxa + gab (x, r)dxa dxb

Near-horizon limit: r r , v v/ , 0 r -dependence is fixed (& enhanced symmetry)

ds2 = r2 F (x)dv2 + 2dvdr + 2rha (x)dvdxa + gab (x)dxa dxb
ODEs: May solve for

H geometry gab(x)

 Vacuum =0: assume two U(1) 3 S near-horizon MP, KK bhs (ergo & ergofree), 1 2 S x S extremal ring, Kerr string Solve w/ single U(1)?

<0: reduces to 6-th order ODE

Near-horizon BMPV, AdS3xS 2, flat
Reall, Gutowski

Susy: complete classification of nearhorizon geometries in 5D sugra w/ vectors

Pros & Cons

Pros: simplified fully nonlinear eqs Cons:
near-horizon can't distinguish strings vs rings misses many classes of bhs that don't have regular extremal limit can't identify asymptotic magnitudes eqns still hard to solve

Some general results on hi-d black holes

Horizon topology
Hawking's 4D theorem relies on Gauss-Bonnet thm:

R(2) > 0 H = S 2 H
D=5: Galloway+Schoen: +ve Yamabe
so far:

R(D-2)

>0

S ,S xS

D=6: Helfgott et al: S 4, S 2x S 2, S 1x S 3, gx S 2 S 4 exactly (MP, but possibly others too) S 1x S 3, T 2x S 2 approximately*

D>6: essentially unknown S D-2 exactly (MP, but possibly others too) so far: p q 1 D-3 S x S , T x S (p b q +1) plus many others approximately*
*cf lecture 6

Uniqueness & Classification

SchwarschildD is unique among static AF Gibbons+Ida+Shiromizu black holes (proof extends to charged bhs) (Note that non-static solutions with zero angular momentum, eg black saturns)
STATIC classification solved

Uniqueness & Classification

STATIONARY bh's must admit one spacelike

Killing that generates rotations But there may be as many as (D 1)/2 such Killings Are there solutions with less than this symmetry?
Where? How?

Also: Tools to classify pinched bh's still to be developed

1. What is the simplest and most convenient set of parameters that fully specify a bh?
In 5D: M, J, + "rod structure": more physical parametrization? Higher D??

2. How many bh's with given charges are relevant to a given physical situation?
Conserved charges + additional conditions:
Horizon topology alone is not enough Dynamic linear stability (not an issue in 4D classification) may be (just may be) enough But stability does not per se rule out a solution must compare timescales Dipoles introduce more non-uniqueness and enhance stability

Laws of black hole mechanics

Generally valid indep of dimension Dipoles introduce additional terms:

dM = dAH + dJ + dQ + dq 8 RE
Copsey+Horowitz

even if dipoles are not conserved charges

can't define globally the dipole potential extra surface term

Multi-black hole mechanics

Each connected component of the horizon Hi is generated by a different Killing vector

k(i) = t +

3 M= 2

i Ai + 8G

i Ji

(Smarr)

M =
i

i Ai + 8G

Ji

First Law

Hawking radiation
Technical analysis complicated, but physics should remain the same: bh's emit radiation at temperature T=/2 and "chemical potentials" i, Multi-bhs will emit multiple components thermal only if all Ti, i etc are equal Euclidean thermodynamics: much like in 4D
real Euclidean sections may not exist (do not exist for black ring!) convenient to work with complex sections that have real actions