2.

OBJECTIVES
This chapter deals with statement of the problem, objectives of the study, operational definition, assumptions, hypothesis, delimitations of the study, and conceptual framework. Which provide a frame of reference. The statement of the problem selected for the study is as follows

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A Study to evaluate the effectiveness of foot massage on changes in psychological parameters among cancer patients in selected hospital at Bangalore.

OBJECTIVES 1. To assess the psychological parameters among cancer patients. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of foot massage on changes in psychological parameters among cancer patients.
3. To find an association between psychological parameters with selected

demographic variables.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION Evaluate: Refers to critical appraisal or assessment of psychological parameters after foot massage.

Effectiveness: Refers to the significant difference between pre and post interventional scores on psychological parameters after foot massage.

Foot massage: Foot massage is the manipulation of the superficial layers of muscle and connective tissue to enhance the function and promote relaxation and wellbeing.

Psychological parameters: Psychological parameters refers to the parameters obtains from the study of psychology (the scientific study of the human behavior and mind), in this study it refers to changes in anxiety and depression.

Cancer patients: Patients who are having malignant growth in tissues of the body, in this study it refers to cancer patients admitted in the selected hospital.

HYPOTHESES: H1: There will be significant difference between pre and post test scores of psychological parameters after administration of foot massage at 0.05 level. H2: There will be significant association between psychological parameters with selected demographic variables at 0.05 level.

ASSUMPTIONS: It is assumed that 1. Psychological parameters may vary with selected demographic variables. 2. The foot massage therapy may be effective to improve the psychological parameters among cancer patients.

DELIMITATIONS:
1. The study is delimited to cancer patients admitted in the cancer wards. 2. The study is delimited to assess the anxiety and depression aspects only.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Conceptual framework acts as a building block for the research study. The overall purpose of framework is to make scientific finding meaningfull and generalized. It provides a certain framework of reference for clinical practice, education and research. Frame work can guide the researchers undertaking of not only what of natural phenomenon but also why of their occurrence. They also give direction for relevant questions to practical problems.20

A conceptual model is a group of concepts and set of propositions that provides prescriptions on the major concepts. Conceptual model refers to set of values, beliefs, and preferences for research approach. Conceptual framework plays several interrelated roles in the progress of science. There overall purpose is to make scientific findings meaningful and generalizable. The conceptual model also called as conceptual framework or system.21

The conceptual frame work selected for the study was based on Ernestine Wiedenbachs prescriptive theory.WIEDENBACHS PRESCRIPTIVE THEORY described as a system of conceptualization invented to some purpose. Prescriptive theory may be described as one that conceptualizes both a desired situation and the prescription by which it is to be brought about.2 The study is based on the concepts that foot massage will reduced the anxiety and depression among cancer patients. The prescriptive theory directs action towards an explicit goal. The factors includes in prescriptive theory are central purpose , prescriptions and realities. Central purpose
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The central purpose is in which the investigator recognizes as essential to the particular discipline.20 In the study the central purpose is reduction of anxiety and depression among cancer patients.

Prescription: The prescription indicates the broad general action that the nurse deems appropriate to fulfillment of her central purpose.20 In this study the prescription is to give the foot massage.

Realities: Realities refers to the physical, physiological, emotional and spiritual factors that influence the fulfillment of her central purpose in the particular situation.205 Realities are identified like agent, recipient, goal, means, and framework. In the study realities include Agent: Is a designee who has the personal attributes, capabilities, commitment, and competence to provide care.20 In the present study agent is researcher. Recipient: Is the patient has personnel attributes, problems, capabilities, aspiration, and abilities to cope.20In the present study recipient are the cancer patients admitted in the BGS Global Hospital. Goal: Refers to desired outcome, it directs actions and suggests the reasons for taking those actions.20 In the present study the goal is changes of psychological parameters among cancer patients. Means: Are the activities and devices used by the nurse to achieve the goal. 20 In the present study means are the foot massage. Frame work: Refers to the facilities in which nursing is practiced, it comprised human environment, profession and organization aspects of care.20 In the present study frame work refers to BGS GLOBAL Hospital.

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The action is taken through three steps. They are identification, ministration and validation.

Step-1 Identification Identification means identification of subjects need for help. This is done by the assessment of psychological parameters among cancer patients by administering Modified Hamilton anxiety and depression scale (pre test).

Step-2 Ministration This refers to the provision of required help to fulfill the identified need. This is done by administering the foot massage among cancer patients.

Step-3 Validation Validation done by assessment of psychological parameter among cancer patients by
REALITIES administering Modified Hamilton anxiety and depression rating scale on score of

psychological parameter (post test ) .Post test score is divided into no change, mild change, moderate change, severe change. After administering .foot massage if patients psychological parameter score comes under moderate changes Changes of Goal: and severe changes then it will again start from identification stage through pre test among cancer patients among cancer patients . which is not included in the study Central purpose
Changes of psychological MINISTRATION parameters among Intervention cancer patients. Administration of foot massage among cancer Reduction of anxiety patients . among children receiving chemotherapy. . Improvement in 11 communication skills of autistic children. psychological parameters Recipient:cancer

Agent: researcher

Means: Foot massage.

Framework: Cancer VALIDATION wards of BGS Global hospital. Posttest Assessment of psychological Agent: researcher parameter by administration of Modified Hamilton Anxiety and Recipient: children depression Rating receiving chemotherapy. Scales among cancer patients . Goal: Reduction of anxiety among children

Prescription Administer foot massage among cancer patients Administer music therapy among children receiving chemotherapy

Means: music therapy.

Framework: kapur block KMIO.

IDENTIFICATION Pretest Assessment of psychological parameters among cancer patients by administration of Modified Hamilton Anxiety and depression Rating Scale .

assessment of anxiety level among children receiving chemotherapy by administration of Modified Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scales on level of anxiety among children receiving chemotherapy

No changes

Mild changes

Moderate changes

Severe changes

Key :

Under study.

Not under study.

Figure 1: Conceptual frame work based on Ernestine Wiedenbachs prescriptive theory

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