ASSIGNMENT PS-302

TITTLE: MARKETING OF AVIAN SPECIES IN PAKISTAN AND PET SPECIES SUBMITTED TO: DR. NASIR MUKHTAR

SUBMITTED BY: MUHAMMAD SAAD KHILJI (08-ARID-266) DVM 6TH SEMESTER

MARKETING OF AVIAN SPECIES IN PAKISTAN Marketing is the process by which we determine which birds may be of interest to customers, and the strategy to use in sales, communications and business development. It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques. Marketing is used to identify the customer, satisfy the customer, and keep the customer. How to Choose Right Bird as Pet
1. What Size Bird is best for you?

As a rule, the bigger the bird, the bigger the commitments involved with keeping it. Large birds can make exceptional companions, but are often louder, messier, and more demanding than smaller species. For these reasons, it is generally recommended that novice bird owners start out with a small to medium sized bird. The size of your bird will be important in determining how you will care for your pet, as far as training, housing requirements, and overall interaction. Before you buy a pet, it's important to think realistically about how much bird you can handle.
2. Behavior and Temperament

Do you want a bird that will be eager to come out of his cage and socialize, or would you prefer a pet that likes to be seen but not touched? The way your bird relates to you will be an important factor in the quality of your ownership experience. Keeping this in mind, it is important to note that different species of birds exhibit various behavior patterns and dispositions. An African Grey will behave quite differently from a Canary, for example. Those in the market for a pet bird should make sure to research the species that they are interested in so they can choose the bird whose personality will be most compatible with their own.
3. Nutrition and Maintenence

Some birds require specific diets or other special care. Lories, for example, are beautiful medium sized birds admired around the world for their striking colors. They have highly specialized digestive systems, however, which require them to be fed a diet of pollen, nectar, and fruit. This in turn causes them to produce liquid droppings, making it necessary to clean their cages more frequently than those of other species. While there are countless good reasons to buy a pet bird, issues like this are why it is so important for potential owners to learn as much as they can about their favorite species before bringing one home.
4. Budget and Finances

Keeping a bird can be expensive, and much of that expense can be related to the type of bird involved. Larger birds sometimes have an initial purchase price of thousands of dollars, and these species generally require costly cages and accessories that boost the bill even higher. Even smaller birds, while often initially less expensive, still present their owners with various financial obligations. Some birds can live a very long time, and those that own them are responsible for

feeding, housing, and providing them with veterinary care throughout their lives. All of these factors should be considered when choosing a bird so that you end up with a pet whose upkeep you can afford.
5. Time Commitments

Some bird species, particularly the hookbills, require daily exercise, interaction, and time out of their cages. Are you able to spare at least two hours a day to socialize with your bird and supervise his out of cage activities? If not, a Finch, Canary, or other more independent species may be best for you. To ensure that your pet stays healthy and happy, you should consider how much time you have available to spend with your bird when deciding which kind you would like to own. For those that put a little effort into selecting a pet that will be compatible with their lifestyle, bird ownership can be a tremendously enriching experience. A little research and careful thought can go a long way in making sure that your relationship with your pet is destined to be a good one. By resisting the urge to buy a bird on impulse and keeping these important tips in mind, you are sure to make the right decision about which species will be best for your family. Reasons Why a Bird Could Be the Best Choice for Your Family 1. Birds are intelligent animals. In the animal kingdom, birds rank near the top when it comes to smarts. Their capacity for learning and inquisitive nature makes them facsinating, captivating pets. Birds that are bonded with their owners constantly learn from the person's behavior, and often delight them with surprisingly human-like antics. 2. They are relatively easy to care for. As opposed to four-legged pets that typically roam free within their owners homes, birds are much easier to care for. They can be placed inside their cages when you are at work or busy, they don't require daily walks outside, and housebreaking is not an issue. 3. Birds are fairly simple to train. Because of their above average intelligence, birds can be a joy to train and are typically eager to learn new things from their owners. Since birds are relatively small, training them can be less physically demanding than working with larger creatures, making them a good choice for the young, elderly, or disabled. 4. Birds are extremely social creatures. If you want a pet that will bond strongly with you, a bird is a wonderful choice. Given proper training and socialization, birds can be every bit as loving and affectionate as a cat or dog.

6. Birds are fairly inexpensive to feed. It's important to provide pet birds with a high quality pelleted diet, but they can also benefit greatly from foods that their owners share with them. This is a pretty comprehensive list... African Grey Parrot Amazon Parrot Blue and Gold Macaw Blue-fronted Amazon Parrot Bunting Button Quail Caique Canary Cockatiel Cockatoo Conure Corella Tanimbar Dove Eclectus Parrot Eye Ring Lovebird Finch Gouldian Finch Green-cheeked and Maroon-belly Conures Hardbill Jenday Conure Large Hookbill Lory And Lorikeet Lovebird Macaw Medium Sulfur-Crested Cockatoo Military Macaw Moluccan Cockatoo Myers Parrot Nanday Conure Orange Weaver Finch Parakeet (Budgerigar) Parakeet (Medium-sized) Parrotlet Peachfaced Lovebird

Red-Factor Canary Red-shouldered Parrot Ringneck Parakeet Rose-Breasted Cockatoo Scarlet Macaw Senegal Parrot Severe Macaw Small Hookbill Society Finch Spice Finch Sun Conure Umbrella Cockatoo White-fronted Parrot Yellow Canary Zebra Finch Pionus Parrot Quaker Parakeet

BIRDS AS PET AFRICAN GREY PARROT Scientific Name: Psittacus erithacus erithacus (Congo Grey) and Psittacus erithacus timneh (Timneh Grey). Origin: Africa

Size: Approximately 12 to 13 inches from beak to tail. The African Grey is considered a large bird and as such must be provided with adequate living space. Average Lifespan: African Greys, when properly cared for, typically live to be around age 50. There are, however, individuals that live long past this time, some even closing in on 75!

Temperament: African Greys are extremely intelligent birds, a fact which becomes evident upon observing their behavior. Many grow to be extremely sweet and affectionate toward their owners, and the species is known for being rather sociable. A bored or neglected African Grey, however, is often not a very happy bird, and will not hesitate to air its grievances when given the opportunity. Colors: The African Grey, true to it's name, sports mostly grey feathers, some with a beautiful thin white edging. Congo African Greys boast shiny black beaks and bright red tail feathers, while the Tinmeh Greys have bone colored mandibles and tailfeathers of deep maroon. Feeding: As with most exotic bird species, a meal consisting of fresh vegetables and tropical fruits, supplemented with a quality pelleted diet is best for the African Grey. Many Greys also enjoy a variety of treats and snacks such a seeds, nuts, eggs, and small bits of cheese. Exercise: Adequate amounts of exercise are imperative to the good health of a captive African Grey. Pet Greys should be allowed to spend a minimum of one to two hours out of their cages daily, and should be provided with plenty of bird safe chew toys to facilitate exercising their powerful mandibles. African Greys as Pets: African Grey parrots have been kept as pets for many thousands of years. Their fascinating ability to reason and talent for clearly mimicking human speech has helped to catapult them to stardom both in the field of research and in the pet trade. Captive African Greys typically pick up on words and sounds very quickly, with owners reporting birds that mimic the sounds of telephones, microwaves, and even other pets like dogs and cats.

CANARIES Common Name: Canary Scientific Name: Serinus canaria.

Origin: The Canary Islands. Size: Small, at 10-12 cm in length. Average Lifespan:A well cared for Canary can live for up to 10 years!

Temperament: Most Canaries are somewhat timid and shy little birds. Unlike larger bird species, they don't usually do well with being handled, although exceptions do exist. Canaries are charming birds nonetheless, and many enjoy watching and interacting with their owners from the comfort of a large flight cage. These birds can be very territorial, so use caution if keeping more than one per cage -- dominant behavior can be hard to control and can lead to an unforunate situation for a submissive bird. Colors:While the first color to pop into your head may be yellow, there are many different varieties of Canary in just as many different colors. With selective breeding, many new color mutations pop up everyday, such as bronze, white, and red. Feeding: The majority of a Canary's diet should consist of high quality pellets specifically designed for Canaries. This diet should be supplemented daily with fresh sprouts, fruits and vegetables, including fresh greens. Exercise: Canaries require plenty of exercise and should have a large cage that they can fly around in daily. Also make sure to provide plenty of safe toys for these little beauties to play with -- they get bored easily! Canaries as Pets : While Canaries aren't really "hands on" birds like budgies of cockatiels, they can be the perfect pet for someone who would like a smaller feathered friend for a companion. Canaries are either bred for color, conformation, or song. Each variety has its obvious strong points, but prospective owners should do research into the species to determine which type is

right for their household. While the Canary's small stature may make them seem like good pets for kids, please be cautioned -- these birds are very fragile and easily frightened, and may not do well in a home with very young children.

LOVEBIRDS Commom Name: Lovebird Scientific Name: Agapornis Origin: Africa and Madagascar. Size: 5-7 inches in length. Average Lifespan: Between 15 and 20 years.

Temperament: Lovebirds are intelligent, affectionate, and playful little birds. With proper care and adequate socialization, many form especially strong bonds with their owners. Those that don't have a lot of time to spend with a Lovebird typically purchase a mate for their pet, as these birds are extremely social and cannot thrive without interaction. Colors: There are nine sub-species of lovebirds, the Peach-Faced, Red-Faced, Madagascar, Abyssinian, Nyasa, Swindern's, Masked, Black-Cheeked, and Fischer's. Each type displays different colors and markings, but the Peach-Faced -- by far the most common -- has a gorgeous yellow, green, and blue body with a brilliant splash of peach or apricot on their heads. Color mutations also occur in several types, and are often available.

Feeding: Lovebirds in the wild normally feed on grains, grass, seeds, and berries. They do best in captivity when fed a high-quality pelleted diet, supplemented with a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables, particularly greens. Exercise: Lovebirds make extremely active pets, and must be provided with adequate space to explore, climb, and fly. Many lovebirds also love to chew, and need to be provided with plenty of wood and toys that they can exercise their jaw muscles on. Lovebirds as Pets: Some of the smallest members of the parrot family, Lovebirds have captivated bird owners for over 100 years. Although they rarely talk or mimic, these beautiful little birds are exciting to watch and charming to interact with -- traits that have made them one of the most commonly kept pet bird species. True to their name, Lovebirds thrive on social interaction, and require a mate to keep them company if their owner is unable to handle and socialize with them regularly. These birds form extremely strong emotional attachments to their owners and mates, so it's important that they are only adopted by those who plan on keeping them for life. To separate a Lovebird from the object of their affection is, in some cases, a death sentence.

HYACINTH MACAWS Common Name: Hyacinth Macaw, Blue Parrot Scientific Name: Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus. Origin: South America

Size: Hyacinths are typically around 40 inches in length from the beak to the tip of the tail, and weigh in at 2 to 3 pounds. Average Lifespan: A Hyacinth in captivity can live beyond the age of 60 years depending on the quality of care it receives. Temperament: Known as "gentle giants", the Hyacinths are very affectionate birds by nature. They are easily trained and tend to bond strongly with their human caregivers. Colors: Hyacinth Macaws are a solid, deep shade of blue, with bright yellow patches around the eyes and beak. Feeding: In the wild, Hyacinths feast primarily on fruit, nuts, and clay. In captivity, they do well on a diet of fruit, vegetables, and plenty of nuts, as they require more carbohydrates than other parrot species. A pet Hyacinth's diet can be supplemented with specially formulated species specific pellets. Exercise: Hyacinth Macaws have a wingspan of 4 feet, so they must be given adequate time to exercise and room for a good stretch. It is a good idea to give a Hyacinth a minimum of 1-2 hours of time on a playgym or other safe area per day to maintain their muscles. Hyacinth's also need to chew to maintain their beak and jaws, so plenty of chewable toys are a must for these big beautiful birds. Hyacinth Macaws as Pets: Because these birds demand more time and attention than other species, Hyacinth Macaws are definitely not the right pets for just anybody. Large, beautiful, and intelligent, they can be quite alluring -- but resist the temptation to bring a Hyacinth home without thoroughly thinking it through! A Hyacinth Macaw's beak can snap metal, which means that they must be taught at an early age not to "mouth" their human caregivers -- no matter how gently. Thankfully, they are usually quite docile and easygoing, and seem to enjoy learning and human companionship.

CAIQUES Common Names: Black Headed Caique, White Bellied Caique, Seven-Color Parrot, Dancing Parrot, Yellow Thighed Caique Scientific Names: Black Headed Caique:Pionites melanocephala White Bellied Caique: Pionites leucogaster Origin: The Amazon Rainforest. Size: 9-10 inches in length from the beak to the end of the tailfeathers. Average Lifespan: 20 years.

Temperament: Caiques are known for the strong bonds that they can form with humans, so if you're looking for a new best friend, this may be the species for you. Caiques are playful, comical little birds who enjoy activities and the opportunity to explore. Some Caiques may learn to speak a few words, but most prefer to stick to "bird speak". Caiques usually do well alone or in pairs, but be careful not to cage a Caique with a bird of another species -- they can become aggressive and deliver surprisingly harsh bites. Colors: Black Headed Caiques have mostly black heads with orange cheeks and a green streak under their eyes. Their wings and upper tailfeathers are a beautiful green, and they sport a beige colored abdomen with gray legs and a gray beak. White Headed Caiques have orange and yellow heads, green wings and tails, white abdomens, pink legs, and horn colored beaks. Feeding: Caiques do best on a fresh diet of nutritious fruits, vegetables, nuts, and beans, and should be supplemented with a high quality diet of extruded pellets. As with all bird species, clean, fresh water should be made available at all times.

Exercise: Caiques are active little birds, and are unique in the fact that they seem to prefer to walk more often than fly. A Caique should be given a minimum of one hour outside the cage each day to hop around, exercise his strong leg muscles, and explore -- supervised, of course! Care must be taken to provide a Caique with plenty of toys to exercise his beak on, as the species has a reputation for destructive chewing. Caiques as Pets: In general, a Caique would be a good choice for a "one bird owner" or an owner that wanted to keep just a pair. They are not known for being especially friendly with other species, but easily form bonds with humans who show them adequate love and attention. Caiques must be given plenty of playtime, and must certainly be showered with plenty of positive interaction, but are usually able to entertain themselves for short periods of time, making them a good choice for working bird owners.

UMBRELLA COCKATOOS Common Names: Cockatoo, Umbrella Cockatoo, White Cockatoo. Scientific Name: Cacatua alba. Origin: Indonesia. Size: About 24 inches in length from the beak to the tip of the tailfeathers.

Average Lifespan: Umbrella Cockatoos can live up to 80 years or more in captivity, when properly cared for.

Temperament: Umbrella Cockatoos are gentle, docile, and sweet tempered by nature, making them well suited to be companion birds. They are very rarely aggressive, and quickly form strong bonds with their caretakers. Colors: Umbrella Cockatoos are primarily white with yellow on the underside of their wing feathers. They have black beaks and gray or black feet. Some exhibit a tinge of light blue in the rings around their eyes. Feeding: Like all large parrots, Umbrella Cockatoos are big eaters. The best diet for one of these birds should consist of a high quality extruded pellet, and should be supplemented with fresh fruits, vegetables, and the occasional nuts or seeds every day. Exercise: Umbrella Cockatoos are active birds, and like all parrots, need ample time out of their cage each day for play and exercise. The strong beak of the Umbrella Cockatoo must be exercised as well, so it's a good idea to provide these birds several chewable bird toys. Umbrella Cockatoos as Pets: The vast majority of handfed Umbrella Cockatoos make extremely sweet, charming, intelligent, and well behaved pets. Just as with any bird, however, prospective owners should be sure that they can meet the needs of an Umbrella before rushing out and buying one. Umbrella Cockatoos are large birds, and they need a large cage and area to play in. They can also be quite loud when they decide to be, being able to produce a call that can be heard for up to 3 miles away! This may mean that an Umbrella may not be the best choice for those who live in apartments or condos, or those with close neighbors. Umbrellas are also very social and very intelligent, meaning that their brains need stimulation on a daily basis. A properly prepared Cockatoo owner should have an arsenal of safe bird toys at his or her disposal, and should be able to devote a minimum of one to two hours a day to socializing with their pet. INDIAN RINGNECK PARAKEETS Size Medium, at about 16 inches in length including the tailfeathers. Average Lifespan: Between 25 - 30 years

Temperament Reputation for being nippy and hard to tame. Get bored very easily, and will often resort to chewing and other destructive behavior if left to their own devices. Colors Available in shades ranging from bright yellows, greens, and blues, to albinos Males sport deep red beaks, black facial markings, and three bands or color around their necks. Females, while still beautiful, lack the facial and collar bands.

Feeding usually feast on a diet of fruits, vegetables, nuts, berries, and seeds. Exercise Very active birds. Powerful jaw muscles to maintain, so it is wise to provide an array of chewable toys, perches, and cage accessories Ringnecks as Pets: They have been kept in captivity from as early as 200 B.C. They are relatively small size and beautiful markings help to make the Ringneck a good choice for many bird owners. With adequate attention, handling, and love, an Indian Ringneck Parakeet can quickly become a beloved companion. GOULDIAN FINCH Size Between 5 and 6 inches Average Lifespan Approximately 6 - 8 years.

Temperament: Social birds who love interacting with other Finches, but do not tolerate human handling. They thrive on social interaction, it is best to keep Gouldian Finches in pairs or small flocks. Colors: beautiful Finch species. Both males and females display brilliant plumage in blue, purple, yellow, red, black, and green, with some variations available.

Feeding: They do best on a seed based diet supplemented with fresh fruits and vegetables. It is wise to provide a cuttlebone inside of the cage for added calcium and to help maintain their beaks and nails. Exercise: They are active birds and must be provided space in which to fly. Most Gouldian Finches shy away from human interaction, so providing out of cage time isn't really an option. As a Pet: Their soft, soothing voices and beautiful, eye-catching colors have helped them retain popularity with bird lovers of all walks. Because of their small size and quiet natures, Gouldian Finches are popular choices as pets for children and the elders. They are not a good choice as a pet for owners who want a bird that they can handle. These are very social birds should be kept in pairs or small flocks in order to thrive.

COCKATIELS Common Names: Cockatiel, 'Tiel. Scientific Name: Nymphicus hollandicus.

Origin: Australia. Size: Cockatiels are usually about 12 inches in length, from the beak to the end of the tailfeathers. Average Lifespan: Cockatiels in captivity usually have a lifespan of between 10 and 20 years. Temperament: Mosy handfed Cockatiels have a very sweet, even temperament, and will exhibit a rather curious and inquisitive nature. They can bond closely with their owners and can be extremely affectionate. Cockatiels are quite intelligent and very social, and enjoy interacting with their human "flock". When properly stimulated, they are relatively easy to care for and make wonderful companions. Colors: Cockatiels come in a wide variety of colors including Grey, Lutino (yellow), Cinnamon, Pearl, Albino (white), Whiteface, and Fallow. There are new color mutations surfacing every day, creating more variety for pet owners interested in keeping the birds.

Feeding: Captive Cockatiels do best on a diet of high quality pellets and seed, as well a a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables. A few nuts or the occasional piece of cereal make nice tasty treats. Exercise: Cockatiels can be quite active little birds, and should be allowed time outside their cage each day to play, explore, and stretch their wings. Cockatiels as Pets: Small, intelligent, and easy to care for, Cockatiels have graced the homes of bird lovers for many years. Their engaging personalities and high trainability have put them near the top of the list of

the most popular pet bird species. When cared for properly, Cockatiels can be affectionate and fascinating pets. They are a wonderful species for inexperienced bird owners because of their natural friendly dispositions and curious playfulness.

PARTRIDGE These are fragile looking, sweet looking small bird species.

Feeding shoots, clover seeds and grass leaves are the ideal food including ants as well Provide a comfortable place in which the partridge spends most of its time, lays its eggs and a place which is basically its home As a Pet: Suitable for people that like fancy birds