General

Ascribe sth1 to sth2: To attribute sth1 to sth2 Aggravate: Worsening of something already in a bad state Bravado: Unnecessary acts of bravery intended to impress Cessation: Stoppage or limiting sth/ Incessant Clandestine: Sth done secretly Curb: To try to stop something bad Denounce: To criticize sth strongly and publicly Dismay: Frustration Dire Straits Downtrodden/Underdeveloped/Underprivileged lan: Combination of style and energetic confidence Flabbergast: To shock greatly Fly in the face of sth: To contradict Fiat: An order given by a person in authority Frenzy: Uncontrolled emotions or behavior (can be violent) Graft: Corruption Kickback: Amount paid or taken in graft Hobnob: To rub shoulders with sm1 imp or famous Henchman: A person who does unpleasant things for a powerful person To be hell-bent on sth: To be very determined to do sth Immaculate: Sth perfect and tidy Impasse: A situation in which further development is impossible Ire: Great anger- Irate: Full of ire Intricacies: Complicated details of sth / Intricate (adj) Jilt: To end a romantic relation rudely Lash: To hit sm1 with force/ severe criticism Menace: To threaten to harm (Usually situations, circumstances menace) Moot: To suggest sth (for discussion) Modus Operandi: Method of operating Nadir: The worst moment/Moment of least hope Ordeal: A very painful and unpleasant experience Pervasive: Present in ever part of something Polemic: A piece of writing against or in support of a person, belief etc Persecute: To treat unfairly over long time period due to race/belief/political belief etc. To Pledge: To make a serious promise QuasiRapprochement: Agreement reached between opposing parties Rampant: Getting worse in an uncontrolled way Synagogue: Jew worship place Spearhead: Stalwart: Loyal and trusted for years Sleuth: Spy, Detective, who digs info / Sleuthing Spree: A period of an enjoyable activity, longer than usual Seismic: Having great damaging effects To tighten the noose

To Thaw out: To soften or become warm, friendly Unprecedented: Sth which never occurred or existed in past Up the ante: To up the risks in a gamble to get better results Ulterior: Secret purpose behind Visceral: Based on deep emotions rather than intellect Voluminous: Having large volume, many folds

IR
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/topics/international-politics-and-government/ Bloc: Buffer state Consolidate: To strengthen Colonial Conduit: Pak served as a conduit in 1979 afghan war Dtente: Improvement of relations b/w two countries which were enemies first Dismantle/Dismember/Undo Entente: Friendly relation between 2 countries Embargo: To put a stop on trade by govt/ in general as well Estrangement: A period of contention b/w countries/ in general as well Gridlock Harp the drums Medieval Neocons: People who believe in use of USs militant power Purdah: A modern word for isolation Reconnaissance: Process of soliciting info about enemy military wise Sabre-Rattling: Action, behavior or talks which threaten of a military action Treat with stick/carrot Wave of sth sweeping through a region Relations on a downward spiral/ Nose-diving Enemy / Rival / Adversary / Foe Coup de main: a swift attack that relies on speed and surprise to accomplish its objectives in a single blow. Coup dtat: Military coup Coup de grce: an action which ends something gradually getting worse, a final blow

Politics
Politicians campaign in poetry and govern in prose Bandwagon: A movement/activity which is snowballing attracting people Top Brass: Top officials/authority in a dept. esp. military Cave in: To be persuaded on something you disagreed before (to yield) Communiqu: An official news or announcement for public/media Dissident: A person who openly castigates the govt. Deep state: (State within state). A coalition of high level influential anti-democratic elements including intelligence, judiciary or politicians having allegiance to nationalism and state interests and ready to overthrow a govt. which does not share their vision. Expropriate/Misappropriate: -----Maal ya pese ka Ghaban krna Forthright: Honest and direct in behavior Fire-eater: A verbally belligerent politician or person Junta: A military regime which came in power by force Jilt: To end a romantic relation rudely To be at loggerheads with sm1: To strongly disagree with sm1 (Political/Economic) Limbo: Stagnant difficult situation, impasse Oust: Force sm1 to leave position of power or authority / Ouster Ombudsman: A person in an org, appointed to deal with complaints against that org Pass the buck: To blame sm1 for a problem you should deal with Supremo: Leader of an org Tie oneself into knots: End up being bewildered or confused Totalitarian: A system of govt. in which govt has complete authority and does not let people oppose Bigwig/Big gun To accord a rousing welcome To offer robust rhetoric Top echelon/ Stratum Arm-twisting In/Out of loop Verbal Foray Torchbearer/Defender/Keeper/Crusader/Self-proclaimed/Self-Styled Baron/Tycoon/Magnate/Mogul Outfits/Cadres/Chapters Autocrat=Despot=Authoritarian=Dictator, Totalitarian

Violence
Arson/to torch/ to set ablaze/to set alight: Burning of building, cars by protestors To pillage/Plunder: to steal sth from a place by using violence, especially during war To ransack: To search a place violently Smash and grab raid To wreak havoc Mob violence To be on Rampage /to rampage: To be vociferous and wild Vandalism: To damage public property while rampage/riots Assailant Pulverize: To crush Pummel/Batter: Hit violently again and again / Defeat easily Vanquish: to defeat an opponent, especially in war To mutilate/Dismember: Damage severely by removing a part of body To bash/pound/thrash/bludgeon/Batter To Slay To Notch up an assassination To Decapitate To Crucify To Electrocute To Gallow Attack, Onslaught, Raid, Offense, Crackdown Incursion: An attack across the border Sortie: A quick operation by a group of soldiers against enemy Kamikaze: A violent attack in which attackers know they will be killed Mayhem/Turmoil/Chaos: Unrest, confusion, disorder and loss of control Maelstrom/Havoc: Total disorder + destruction Carnage/Bloodbath/massacre/Killing spree/Killing orgy: -----Great destruction of life in violence Hit/Wound

Killing

Attack

Anarchy

Tumult/Pandemonium: Confusion and uncertainty (Be-yaqeeni ki fiza) Imbroglio/ Conundrum: A complicated situation (of troubles) (Mushkil soort-e-haal) Q: What instigates Revolt/uprisings/revolutions/outpouring?

A: Inequity, socio-economic injustice, repressive state policies, resentments & grievances Downing of plane/helicopter Ethnic Cleansing
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