Puneet kumar* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No.

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Capacity Enhancement of 5G wireless networks

E.C.E. department R.I.E.I.T. Railmajra S.B.S. Nagar, Punjab, India puneet.k.03@gmail.com

Puneet kumar

Director, R.I.E.I.T. Railmajra S.B.S. Nagar, Punjab, India Sharma_jks@hotmail.com. technologies are being standardized.4G is an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications. A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at higher data rates than previous generations. As the second generation was a total replacement of the first generation networks and handsets; and the third generation was a total replacement of second generation networks and handsets; so too the fourth generation cannot be an incremental evolution of current 3G technologies, but rather the total replacement of the current 3G networks and handsets. The international telecommunications regulatory and standardization bodies are working for commercial deployment of 4G networks roughly in the 2012-2015 time scale. At that point it is predicted that even with current evolutions of third generation 3G networks, these will tend to be congested. There is no formal definition for what 4G is; however, there are certain objectives that are projected for 4G. These objectives include: that 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system. 4G will be capable of providing between 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors, with premium quality and high security. Many companies have taken self-serving definitions and distortions about 4G to suggest they have 4G already in existence today, such as several early trials and launches of WiMAX, which is part of the formal ITU standard for 3G. Other companies have made prototype systems calling those 4G. While it is possible that some currently demonstrated technologies may become part of 4G, until the 4G standard or

Prof. J.K. Sharma

Keywords-5G, BIT(bit error rate).

1.0 Introduction

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Second generation: All the standards belonging to this generation are commercial centric and they are digital in form. Around 60% of the current market is dominated by European standards. The second generation standards are GSM, iDEN, D-AMPS, IS-95, PDC, CSD, PHS, GPRS, HSCSD, and WiDEN. Third generation: To meet the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards started evolving. The systems in this standard are essentially a linear enhancement of 2G systems. They are based on two parallel backbone infrastructures, one consisting of circuit switched nodes, and one of packet oriented nodes. The ITU defines a specific set of air interface technologies as third generation, as part of the IMT-2000 initiative. Currently, transition is happening from 2G to 3G systems. As a part of this transition, numerous

First generation: Almost all of the systems from this generation were analog systems where voice was considered to be the main traffic. These systems could often be listened to by third parties. Some of the standards are NMT, AMPS, Hicap, CDPD, Mobitex, DataTac, TACS and ETACS.

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Abstract- The inter-user interference in 5G system limits the cell capacity. Different strategies will be explored to decrease the inter-user interference to increase the cell capacity. First the conventional technique for multiplexing users will be evaluated then changes will be proposed in the multiplexing technique to accommodate more number of users. In this paper we propose capacity enhancement of 5g wireless networks.

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2. 0 Literature Review

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In recent years, there has been an explosive demand for wireless and portable applications, resulting in more flexible communication systems which can handle various standards in different environments [1]. The 5G systems that are expected to appear in the market by the end of this decade aim to seamlessly integrate the existing and future wireless technologies on a single handset, with fast speed and more functions [1]. A software defined radio (SDR) adopting a fully reconfigurable front-end is believed to be the right answer to realize such a system [1].

Deployment of International Mobile Telephony 2000 standards for third-generation wireless networks may begin this year, with NTT DoCoMo planning to have a nationwide 3G network in Japan this year [2]. These specifications give existing 1G and 2G operators the flexibility to evolve their networks, which support low-bit-rate data and are primarily designed for voice, into 3G systems [2]. They also help satellite and terrestrial providers design new 3G systems. Third-generation networks

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standards have been defined, it is impossible for any company currently to provide with any certainty wireless solutions that could be called 4G cellular networks that would conform to the eventual international standards for 4G. These confusing statements around "existing" 4G have served to confuse investors and analysts about the wireless industry . The 5G terminals will have software defined radios and modulation schemes as well as new error-control schemes that can be downloaded from the Internet. The development is seen towards the user terminals as a focus of the 5G mobile networks. The terminals will have access to different wireless technologies at the same time and the terminal should be able to combine different flows from different technologies. The vertical handovers should be avoided, because they are not feasible in a case when there are many technologies and many operators and service providers. In 5G, each network will be responsible for handling user-mobility, while the terminal will make the final choice among different wireless/mobile access network providers for a given service. Such choice will be based on open intelligent middleware in the mobile phone.

offer multimedia transmission, global roaming across a cellular or other single type of wireless network, and bit rates ranging from 384 Kbps to several Mbps [2]. Analysts expect worldwide migration to 3G to continue through 2005, depending on market needs, carrier and operator incentives, recovery on investments in existing 1G and 2G wireless systems, and perceived threats to monopolistic wireless carriers in many countries [2]. Meanwhile, researchers and vendors are expressing a growing interest in 4G wireless networks that support global roaming across multiple wireless and mobile networksfor example, from a cellular network to a satellitebased network to a high-bandwidth wireless LAN [2]. With this feature, users will have access to different services, increased coverage, the convenience of a single device, one bill with reduced total access cost, and more reliable wireless access even with the failure or loss of one or more networks. 4G networks will also feature IP interoperability for seamless mobile Internet access and bit rates of 50 Mbps or more [2]. Because deployment of 4G wireless technology is not expected until 2006 or even later, developers will hopefully have time to resolve issues involving multiple heterogeneous networks such as access, handoff, location coordination, resource coordination to add new users, support for multicasting, support for quality of service, wireless security and authentication, network failure and backup, and pricing and billing. Network architectures will play a key role in implementing the features required to address these issues [2]. First, 4G networks are all-IP based heterogeneous networks that allow users to use any system at any time and anywhere. Users carrying an integrated terminal can use a wide range of applications provided by multiple wireless networks [3]. Second, 4G systems provide not only telecommunications services, but also data and multimedia services. To support multimedia services, high-data-rate services with good system reliability will be provided. At the same time, a low per-bit transmission cost will be maintained. Third,

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Fourth-generation (4G) or beyond 3G wireless networks promise much higher overall data throughput and much more diverse services than current networks do [4]. All-IP wireless has emerged as the most preferred platform for 4G wireless networks. In such networks different access systems are integrated on an all-IP-based network, including interworking of different systems with the backbone. The design of a future wireless networking architecture has to take into account the fact that the dominant load in 4G wireless networks will be high-speed, content-rich, burst-type traffic, which already poses a great challenge to all existing wireless networking technologies deployed in current networks. Many research activities have been carried out to design suitable architectures for 4G wireless networks, which should be efficient, adaptive, flexible, and scalable, and should also be able to work harmonically with different network technologies (including currently deployed networks) and accommodate heterogeneous networking applications [4].

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In the presence of new stringent quantitative and qualitative QoS requirements, there are numerous challenges yet to be addressed before

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3.0 Methodology

personalized service will be provided by this new-generation network. It is expected that when 4G services are launched, users in widely different locations, occupations, and economic classes will use the services [3]. In order to meet the demands of these diverse users, service providers should design personal and customized services for them. Finally, 4G systems also provide facilities for integrated services. Users can use multiple services from any service provider at the same time. Just imagine a 4G mobile user, Mary, who is looking for information on movies shown in nearby cinemas. Her mobile may simultaneously connect to different wireless systems [3]. These wireless systems may include a Global Positioning System (GPS) (for tracking her current location), a wireless LAN (for receiving previews of the movies in nearby cinemas), and a code-division multiple access (CDMA) (for making a telephone call to one of the cinemas) [3]. In this example, Mary is actually using multiple wireless services that differ in quality of service (QoS) levels, security policies, device settings, charging methods, and applications. It will be a significant revolution if such highly integrated services are made possible in 4G mobile applications [3].

4G networks come to full fruition. These challenges pertain to the (radio) access [5-7]. The great success of the Internet and wireless communications has opened a new vista for future all-IP wireless applications, driven by increasing demand for packet data services in worldwide third-generation (3G) and 3.5G networks. It has been envisioned that the future wireless systems will operate based mainly on burst data services carrying multimedia contents, including voice, data, image, and video. The need to support high-speed burst-type traffic in wireless channels has already posed a great challenge to the current air link technologies based on code-division multiple access (CDMA). There has been a great deal of debate on the air link technologies most suitable for 5G wireless. It has been suggested from the research that traditional CDMA technologies are suited only for slow-speed continuous transmission applications such as voice, but not for high-speed all-IP wireless applications. Therefore, multiple access/multiplexing technology, such as orthogonal frequency-division multiple access/multiplexing (OFDMA/OFDM), has been proposed to replace traditional CDMA as a prime air link design for 4G wireless [15-17].

Matlab will be used as simulation tool. Extensive literature survey will be conducted. The model for the multiplexing block for the 5G wireless mobile system will be constructed. The advantage of this software testbed is that the expenditure involved in hardware implementation can be avoided and the results can be obtained in less time. If we let the number of users be N, and the transmitted power from each user to be S, the received signal will consists of the received signal power for the desired user (S) and the interference from N-1 other users, thus the signal to noise ratio will be:

Since the noise in the channel is reduced by the process gain during demodulation, the noise on each data bit seen after demodulation will be less. The process gain is the ratio of the total bandwidth (W) to the base band information bit rate (R). Thus the received energy per bit to noise ratio (Eb/No) is

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This expression will be fine-tuned to get the best possible cell capacity The above equation does not take into account thermal noise. The thermal noise simply increased the effective amount of noise. Let the thermal noise be n. Thus, the Eb/No becomes The BER increases as number of user increases, reaching a peak value, and then decreasing as number of user increasing further. Maximum BER is recorded at number of user is 30. In OFDM multiplexing, however at much larger value of number of user. It displayed better performance than CDMA multiplexing. At number of user greater than 20, OFDM multiplexing displayed better performance than CDMA multiplexing. For BER=10 the number of user of CDMA multiplexing is less than 10, where as of OFDM multiplexing , it is about 12 as shown in figure below.

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In order to achieve an increased capacity, the interference from users needs to be reduced. This can be achieved by monitoring the voice activity so that the transmitter is switched off during periods of no voice activity. This reduces the effective interference level by the reduced duty cycle of the transmitted signal. The interference can also be reduced by using antenna sectorization. If for example the cell was sub divided using three antennas, each having a beam width of 120, then the interference seen by each antenna is one third that of an omnidirection antenna. If we let d be the duty cycle of the voice activity, and G be the cell sectorization then equation becomes

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Performance Evaluation of 5G using CDMA for multiplexing 10 20 30 40 No. Of Users 50 60
Performance Evaluation of OFDM BER vs No of Users 10 20 30 40 No. Of Users 50 60

70

Thus the capacity of a single cell system would be

Figure 1 BER versus no. of user in CDMA

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Where: G is the antenna sectorization, d is the voice duty cycle, R is the base band bit rate,
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BER

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Eb/No is the energy per bit to noise ratio, W is the total transmission bandwidth,

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n/S is the ratio of received thermal noise to user signal power.

Figure 2 BER versus no. of user in OFDM

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4.0 CONCLUSION In this paper we have propose Capacity Enhancement of 5G wireless networks. . Various techniques for multiplexing will be considered and simulation model will be constructed to perform iterations to achieve at optimal results considering the bit error rate (BER) of the system. 5.0 ACKNOWLEDGMENT Thr author are gratefull to Professor J.K. Sharma for his helpful comments on this article. 6.0 REFERENCES
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Prasad, R.; Katz, M.D.; Network, IEEE, Volume 20, Issue 1, Jan.-Feb. 2006 Page(s):35 41 10. .A Novel Dimension of Cooperation Javaid, U.; Rasheed, T.; Meddour, D.-E.; T.; Prasad, N.R.; Technology and Magazine, IEEE, Volume 27, Issue 1, 2008 Page(s):29 40 in 4G, Ahmed, Society Spring

11. Cooperation in 4G - Hype or Ripe? Dohler, M.; Meddour, D.-E.; Senouci, S.-M.; Saadani, A.; Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE, Volume 27, Issue 1, Spring 2008 Page(s):13 17 12. Potentials and Limits of Cooperation in Wireless Communications: Toward 4G Wireless [Guest Editorial] Frattasi, S.; Gimmler, A.;Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE, Volume 27, Issue 1, Spring 2008 Page(s):8 12 13. A lightweight reconfigurable security mechanism for 3G/4G mobile devices, Al-Muhtadi, J.; Mickunas, D.; Campbell, R.; Wireless Communications, IEEE [see also IEEE Personal Communications], Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2002 Page(s):60 65 14. Feasibility study of adaptive ing on handset for 4G mobile communications, Hirata, A.; Mitsuzono, S.; Shiozawa, T.; Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2004 Page(s):120 122 15. Janevski, T.; , "5G Mobile Phone Concept," Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2009. CCNC 2009. 6th IEEE , vol., no., pp.1-2, 10-13 Jan. 2009 16. Xichun Li; Salleh, R.; Aani, A.; Zakaria, O.; , "Multi-Network Data Path for 5G Mobile Multimedia," Communication Software and Networks, 2009. ICCSN '09. International Conference on , vol., no., pp.583-587, 27-28 Feb. 2009 17. Wei-bo Zheng; Xi-chun Li; Sharan, K.; , "The emplacement of synchronal mobile business on 5G wireless world," Management Science and Engineering, 2008. ICMSE 2008. 15th Annual Conference Proceedings., International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1379-1385, 10-12 Sept. 2008

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