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The minimum amount of reinforcement is defined as that for which "peak load at first concrete cracking"
In other words, there is a reinforcement percentage range, depending on the size-scale, within which th
A minimum area of reinforcement is required to control the cracking, which occurs in the concrete due to temperature, shrinkage and creep. It enables cracking to be uniformly distributed and therefore minimizes individual crack width.
The following criteria have been used to determine the cross-section area of temperature or minimum reinforcement required in hydraulic structures. The percentages indicated are based on the gross cross-sectional area of the concrete to be reinforced. Where the thickness of the section exceeds fifteen (15) inches (380 mm), a thickness of fifteen (15) inches (380 mm) should be used in determining the temperature or minimum reinforcement. // The minimum ratio of required reinforcement is;
FOR SLABS: -
FOR WALLS: -
1/8
f min = 0.0015
f min = 0.0025
The temperature reinforcement shall not be less than inch at nine 9 inch centre to centre. All concrete stilling basins, glacis and floors and all concrete aprons structures (with slab thickness > 15 inch ) shall be reinforced in the exposed (top) face with inch bars at twelve (12) inch centre to centre, both ways, placed three (3) inch clear from concrete face, unless otherwise designed.
Nominal reinforcement of concrete chute blocks, baffle blocks and sills for stilling basins, aprons and other portion of structures shall consist of inch bars at twelve (12) inch centre to centre, both.
Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement should be uniformly distributed alongside faces of structure elements to control cracking due to temperature changes, creep, and shrinkage.
Depending on the thickness of the structural element, it is preferred that the centre-to-centre spacing of the primary and secondary reinforcement be equal to or less than 300 mm; however, in no case should it exceed 450 mm. The minimum clear distance between bars should not be less than 1.4 times the bar diameter or 1.4 times the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate, whichever is greater. This requirement also applies to the clear distance between a contact lap splice and adjacent splices and bars. //
2/8
Fire
Resistance
(hours)
Beams
slabs
columns
Simply supported
continuous
3/8
Simply supported
continuous
0.5
20
20
20
20
20
1.0
20
20
4/8
20
20
20
1.5
20
20
25
20
20
2.0
40
5/8
30
35
25
25
3.0
60
40
45
35
25
4.0
6/8
70
50
55
45
25
Cover in excess of 40 mm (1.57inch) may require additional measure to reduce risk of spalling.
Concrete Element
Minimum
Concrete Cover
7/8
(in)
(mm)
75
8/8