MV Rane - Psychrometry

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 1 of 32
PSYCHROMETRY
AND AIR-CONDITIONING PROCESSES
Moist Air as Mixture of Ideal Gases
Daltons law of additive pressures
Amagats law of additive volumes
Psychometric Chart
Properties of Moist Air
DBT, WBT, DPT, RH
Humidity Ratio w kg H
2
O/kg DA
Specific Enthalpy of moist air h kJ/kg DA
Specific Volume of moist air v m
3
/kg DA
Air-Conditioning Processes
Sensible heating and cooling
Cooling and dehumidifying
Heating and humidifying
Mixing of two air streams
ME 306 Applied Thermodynamics Lecture Presented by Prof M V Rane at IIT Bombay
Saved as E:/Lectures/ME 306\2012\Psychrometry was last updated on 9/01/2012 at 2330 hrs
T-v DIAGRAM FOR WATER VAPOUR
Moran & Shapiro (2006) Figure 12.4
in an Air-Water Mixture
Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 2
DALTONS LAW OF ADDITIVE PRESSURES
AMAGATS LAW OF ADDITIVE VOLUMES
RELATING p, V & T
for Ideal Gas Mixtures
p n
R T
V
n number of moles of mixture

R Universal Gas Constant, 8.314 kJ/kmol.K
Dalton Model
p
i
n
i
R T
V
p
i
y
i
p
p
1
j
i
p
i
=
Amagat Model
V
i
n
i
R T
p
V
i
y
i
V
V
1
j
i
V
i
=
RELATING p, V & T
Moist Air & Partial Pressures of Dry Air and Water Vapour
Moist Air
p
n R T
V
m R M
1
( )
T
V
n number of moles of mixture
m mass of mixture, kg
M molecular weight of mixture, kg/kmol
each mixture component is considered as if it existed alone in the volume V at the
mixture temperature T while exerting part of the pressure
Partial Pressures of Dry Air and Water Vapour
p
a
n
a
R T
V
m
a
R M
a
1
( ) T
V
p
v
n
v
R T
V
m
v
R M
v
1
( ) T
V
RELATING p, V & T
Humidity Ratio and Relative Humidity
e
m
v
m
a
e
m
v
m
a
M
v
p
v
V R T ( )
1
M
a
p
a
V R T ( )
1
M
v
p
v
M
a
p
a
e 0.622
p
v
p p
v
where p
g
is the saturation pressure of
water at mixture temperature T
|
y
v
y
v.sat
p
v
p
g
RELATING p, V & T
Enthalpy of Moist Air, Water vapour and Dry Air
Enthalpy of Moist Air
H H
a
H
v
+ m
a
h
a
m
v
h
v
+ kJ
H
m
a
h
a
m
v
m
a
h
v
+ h
a
e h
v
+
kJ
kg
dry.air
Enthalpy of Water Vapour in the Moist Air
Reference to steam table data or Mollier diagram for water shows that the enthalpy
of superheated water vapour at low vapour pressures is very closely given by the
saturated vapour value corresponding to the given temperature.
h
v
h
g
T ( ) an approximation
kJ
kg
water
Enthalpy of Dry Air
h
a
273.15 K
T
T c
p.a
(
(
]
d
kJ
kg
dry.air
MOIST AIR COOLED AT CONSTANT PRESSURE
DEW POINT TEMPERATURE
State of Water for Moist Air Cooled at Constant Mixture Pressure
ADIABATIC SATURATOR
Moran & Shapiro (2006)
(a) Schematic and (b) Process Representation
WBT MEASURING DEVICES
(a) Sling Psychrometer and (b) Aspirating Psychrometer
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
ME 335 Introduction to Thermal Machines Lecture Presented by Prof M V Rane at IIT Bombay
Saved as H/Lectures/ME 335\2008\Psychrometry was last updated on 30/07/2008at 1030 hrs
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Moran & Shapiro (2000)
LINES OF CONSTANT PROPERTY VALUE
WBT & ENTHALPY LINES
Why are they not Exactly Parallel?
Adiabatic Saturation Process
Adiabatic saturation temperature, t
as
Energy balance
Wet Bulb Temperature
Adiabatic saturation temperature, t
wb
Energy balance
What Contributes to the Deviation?
Contribution of the energy entering the adiabatic saturator with the makeup water is
normally much smaller than that of moist air
Enthalpy of entering moist air is very nearly equal to the enthalpy of the saturated
mixture exiting
This slight effect is ignored in some psychometric chart
DIRECTION OF INCREASING PROPERTY VALUES
ASHRAE SUMMER AND WINTER COMFORT CONDITION
ASHRAE Fundamentals 1997, Fig 4, pp 8.21
Air Temperature
22 to 27 C
Mean Radiant Temperature
Air temperature +10 C
Humidity
4.5 to 11 g moisture/kg
DA
Air velocity
0.1 to 0.25 m/s
Summer Design Comfort Conditions
are Higher than that in the Winter
This reduces Air Conditioning Load
and Save Energy
DEHUMIDIFICATION
(a) Equipment Schematic and (b) Representation on Psychrometric Chart
HUMIDIFICATION
Steam Injection and Water Injection
EVAPORATIVE COOLING
(a) Equipment Schematic and (b) Representation on Psychrometric Chart
ADIABATIC MIXING OF TWO MOIST AIR STREAMS
Equipment Schematic
Mass Balance of Dry Air
m
a3
= m
a1
+ m
a2
Mass Balance of Water Vapour
m
a3
w
3
= m
a1
w
1
+ m
a2
w
2
Energy Balance
m
a3
(h
a3
-w
3
h
g3
) = m
a1
(h
a1
-w
1
h
g1
) + m
a2
(h
a2
-w
3
h
g2
)
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
Moran & Shapiro (2006) P 12.34 1 of 2
Exploring Psychrometric Principles
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
Moran & Shapiro (2006) P 12..48
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
Moran & Shapiro (2006) P 12.50 1of 2
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM

MV Rane - Psychrometry

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n number of moles of mixture

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