Laboratory Work OLAOLUWA OLUMIDE Magnetics

Student:AJAYI Date:30/12/11

Figure 1: Storage Device

In an earlier practical session we constructed a very basic generator for the illumination of two LEDs. Continuing on we shall construct a simple Storage Device to accumulate some of the created energy, at the same time acquiring many skills in the analysis of the magnetically operated generator. We shall use solid form construction, ie: no circuit board. This is a simple device and as such can be constructed in many ways.

Note: A = cross sectional area of the air core. D is the diameter of the air core. Result in meter2.

1) Look at the circuit in (Figure 1). Write a short description of how it works. What is

the configuration of diodes for? How do the batteries charge? What happens when the switch is thrown? Ans: The diagram of figure 1 is a simple storage device to accumulate some energy created. The circuit has an air core generator which supplies an AC voltage to the system, it also has a full bridge rectifier with Diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 and also a storage device inform of capacitors labelled C1. Finally it has an LED (Light Emitting Diode) and a load in series connection with the light emitting Diode. When the switch is closed and the generator is ON, the AC voltage produced flows only in one direction. This voltage produced is used to charge the capacitor for a certain period of time and the resistor which is in series with the LED function as a limiter to the flow of current. As the circuit is turned on, the LED glow due to the voltage produced by the generator. On the other hand, when the generator is off, the LED is still in ON state because of the charge stored in the capacitor and will only off if the capacitor has discharged completely. The Diode configuration is mainly used to determine the conduction of the diode. The battery charges when the generator its turned ON and its voltage used for the charging it supplied through the diode D5 to the positive terminal. When the switch is thrown ON the LED (light emitting Diode) will glow due to the completion of the circuit. On the other hand, when the switch is open, the circuit is not complete and hence the light emitting diode will not glow.

2) In the formula for Mutual Inductance, explain the k percentage and its relevance to

our air core generator. Ans: Mutual inductance is generally given by M = KL1L2, 0 K 1. Where K is the coupling coefficient. The coefficient of the coupling of a transformer is dependent on the portion of the total flux line that cut both primary and secondary, and all the lines of the flux generated by the secondary should cut the primary. The coefficient of the coupling would then be one (unity), and maximum energy would be transferred from the primary to the secondary. Practical power transformer use high permeability silicon steel core and close between the winding to provide a high coefficient of coupling.

3) Previously you have learned that the formula for series coupled inductors is:

L1+L2+.........Ln. Why is the formula for cumulative coupled series inductance different? Ans: The formula for cumulative coupled series inductance is different from the series coupled inductors because of the following a) When the windings are connected in series, the equivalent inductance is more than twice the rated inductance due to the mutual inductance, unlike the series coupled inductors. b) They usually have a coupling coefficient K in the range of 0.95 c) Majority of the coupled inductors have the same turns ratio unlike the series coupled inductors.

4) What effect does cumulative coupled series inductors have on our generators coils?

Ans:

a) They create a mutual inductance in the generator coils.

5) Calculate M. M can be calculated using the relation; M = KL1L2 K= 0.5 L1= 8*10^-3H L2= 8*10^-3H Therefore, M= 0.58*10^-3*8*10^-3 = 0.56.4*10^-5 = 0.5 * 8*10^-3 M= 4*10^-3H

6) Calculate Ltotal.

Ans: Ltotal= L1+L2+2M L1= 8*10^-3H L2= 8*10^-3H M= 4*10^-3H Therefore, Ltotal= 8*10^-3*8*10^-3 + 2*4*10^-3 = 0.016 + 8*10^-3 Ltotal= 0.024H

7) Estimate VAC. Ans;

We have, Vac = AN db/dt Where A= Area N = Number of turns Db/dt = change in magnitude field in tesla Area = r^2 r = D/2 = 0.01/2 r = 5*10^-3

Area = r^2 = 3.142*(5*10^-3)^2 = 7.855*10^-5

Db/dt = 1.4 T/s

Vac = 7.855*10^-5 * 600 * 1.4 = 0.065982v

8) Attempt to confirm VAC by calculating N in (Figure. 2).