AP Biology - Unit #5 Test

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What is the name for the special region on a duplicated chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together? a. centrosome b. centromere c. kinetochore d. desmosome e. microtubule organizer region 2. Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells? a. 4 b. 8 c. 16 d. 32 e. 64 3. If cells in the process of dividing are subjected to colchicine, a drug that interferes with the functioning of the spindle apparatus, at which stage will mitosis be arrested? a. anaphase b. prophase c. telophase d. metaphase e. interphase 4. All of the following occur during prophase of mitosis in animal cells except a. the centrioles move toward opposite poles. b. the nucleolus can no longer be seen. c. the nuclear envelope disappears. d. chromosomes are duplicated. e. the spindle is organized. 5. How is the S phase of the cell cycle measured? a. counting the number of cells produced per hour b. determining the length of time during which DNA synthesis occurred in the cells c. comparing the synthesis versus the breakdown of S protein d. determining when the S chromosome is synthesized e. stopping G1 and measuring the number of picograms of DNA per cell 6. How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle? a. The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. b. The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. c. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. d. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA. e. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the amount of DNA.

7. Chromosomes first become visible during ____ of mitosis. a. prometaphase b. telophase c. prophase d. metaphase e. anaphase 8. The correct sequence of steps in the M phase of the cell cycle is a. prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. b. prophase, metaphase, prometaphase, anaphase, telophase. c. prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis. d. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis. e. cytokinesis, telophase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase. 9. A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. Those cells would have ____ picograms at the end of the S phase and ____ picograms at the end of G2. a. 8; 8 b. 8; 16 c. 16; 8 d. 16; 16 e. 12; 16 10. Cells that are in a nondividing state are in which phase? a. G0 b. G2 c. G1 d. S e. M The questions below consist of five phrases or sentences concerned with the cell cycle. For each one, select the answer below that is most closely related to it. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. B. C. D. E. G0 G1 S G2 M

11. The "restriction point" occurs here. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 12. Nerve and muscle cells are in this phase. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

13. the shortest part of the cell cycle a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 14. DNA is replicated at this time of the cell cycle. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 15. The cyclin component of MPF is destroyed toward the end of this phase. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E Use the figure below to answer the following question.

16. Mitosis is represented by which number? a. I b. II c. III d. IV e. V 17. G1 is represented by which number(s)? a. I and V b. II and IV c. III d. IV e. V

18. Which number represents DNA synthesis? a. I b. II c. III d. IV e. V 19. Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction are different in that a. individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas individuals reproducing sexually only transmit 50%. b. asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents, whereas sexual reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring. c. asexual reproduction involves a single parent, whereas sexual reproduction involves two. d. asexual reproduction only requires mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction always involves meiosis. e. all of the above 20. How do the two members of a pair of homologous chromosomes differ from each other? a. their length b. the identity and relative position of the genes present on each of the chromosomes c. their staining patterns d. the position of the centromere within each of the chromosomes e. the precise sequence of the DNA within each of the chromosomes 21. By examining a karyotype, it is possible to determine a. which of two related plant forms is a gametophyte, and which is a sporophyte. b. the sex of an animal. c. the age of a fungus. d. A and B only e. A, B, and C 22. The human X and Y chromosomes are a. both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike. b. of approximately equal size. c. almost entirely homologous, despite their different names. d. called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sex. e. all of the above 23. If the liver cells of an animal have 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do its sperm cells have? a. 6 b. 12 c. 24 d. 48 e. 64 24. Which of the following is the term for a human cell that contains 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes? a. an unfertilized egg cell b. a sperm cell c. a male somatic cell d. a female somatic cell e. both A and D

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions.

25. Which of the life cycles is typical for animals? a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and II e. I and III 26. Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae? a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and II e. I and III 27. In animals, somatic cells are produced by mitosis and ____ are produced by meiosis. a. gametes b. clones c. zygotes d. spores e. diploid cells

28. How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis? a. They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. b. They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. c. They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. d. They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. e. They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA. For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. II. III. IV. prophase I metaphase I anaphase I telophase I V. VI. VII. VIII. prophase II metaphase II anaphase II telophase II

29. Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell; independent assortment soon follows. a. I b. II c. IV d. VII e. VIII 30. Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over may occur. a. I b. II c. IV d. VI e. VII 31. Centromeres of sister chromatids uncouple and chromatids separate. a. II b. III c. IV d. V e. VII Refer to the drawings in the figure below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions.

32. Which diagram represents prophase I of meiosis? a. I b. II c. III d. IV e. V 33. Which drawing represents anaphase of mitosis? a. II b. III c. IV d. V e. VI 34. Which drawing represents metaphase II of meiosis? a. I b. II c. IV d. V e. VI 35. Which drawing represents a stage of meiosis in which independent assortment might occur if there were more than one pair of chromosomes represented? a. I b. II c. IV d. V e. VI Use the following key to answer the following questions. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. The statement is true for mitosis only. B. The statement is true for meiosis I only. C. The statement is true for meiosis II only. D. The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I. E. The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II. 36. A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 37. Homologous chromosomes synapse and crossing over occurs. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

38. Centromeres uncouple and chromatids are separated from each other. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 39. Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 40. The process is preceded by replication of the DNA. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E