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TOOL STEEL
COLD WORK TECHNICAL INFORMATION AISI A2 ...............................................................................14-2 AISI A6 ...............................................................................14-3 AISI D2...............................................................................14-4 AISI D3...............................................................................14-5 AISI D5...............................................................................14-6 AISI DC53 ..........................................................................14-7 AISI O1 ..............................................................................14-8 AISI O6 ..............................................................................14-9 AISI L6 .............................................................................14-10 AISI S1 ............................................................................. 14-11 AISI S5 .............................................................................14-12 AISI S7 .............................................................................14-13 AISI S7 ESR ....................................................................14-14 AISI P20 ...........................................................................14-15 AISI T420 STAINLESS ESR ............................................14-16 AISI W2 ............................................................................14-17 AISI H13...........................................................................14-18 VISCOUNT 44 ................................................................14-19 AISI M2 ............................................................................14-20 AISI M3 ............................................................................14-21 AISI M3 TYPE 2 (PM) ......................................................14-22 AISI M4 (PM) ...................................................................14-23 AISI M42 ..........................................................................14-24 AISI T15 (PM) ..................................................................14-25 KPM SUPER SQUARE A2, D2, O1, S7 .................................................................14-26 HEAT TREATING Notes.............................................................. 14-27 thru 14-28 TOOL WRAP Grade Available................................................................14-28 SIZE CHARTS Flats and Squares .......................................... 14-29 thru 14-31 Rounds.............................................................................14-32 TOLERANCES ...................................................... 14-33 thru 14-35
14-1
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AISI A2
An air-hardening tool steel containing five percent chromium. Replaces the oil hardening (O1 type) when safer hardening, less distortion and increased wearresistance are required. Provides an intermediate grade between the oil hardening and the high carbon, high chromium (D2) types.
DCF
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Large Blanking Dies, Thread Roller Dies, Long Punches, Rolls, Master Hubs, Trimming Dies, Forming Dies, Precision Tools, Gauges, Coining Dies, Extrusion Dies, Mandrels, Shear Blades and Slitters.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Nickel (Ni)
.90/1.40 4.75/5.50 .15/.50 .30 max 1850-2000F (1010-1093C) 1650F (899C) Do not normalize 1550-1600F (843-871C) 40F (22C) 201-235 Slowly 1450 F (788C) 1700-1800F (927-962C) 20-45 (j) A (I) 350-1000F (177-538C) 57-62 High Medium Medium to High Deep Medium Medium Lowest Highest Medium
FORGING (a) Start forging at Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-2
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AISI A6
A6 is an air-hardening, non-deforming tool steel that combines the deep hardening characteristics of air-hardening steels with the simplicity of low temperature heat treatment possible in many of the oil-hardening grades.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Blanking Dies, Precision Tools, Forming Dies, Coining Dies, Master Hubs, Shear Blades, Plastic Molds, Spindles, Mandrels, Heavy Duty Punches.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-3
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AISI D2
D2 is an air-hardening, high carbon, high chromium tool steel with extremely high wear resisting properties. It is a very deep hardening steel and will be practically free from size change after proper treatment. The high percentage of chromium gives it mild corrosion-resisting properties in the hardened condition.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Blanking Dies, Forming Dies, Coining Dies, Slitting Cutters, Heading Tools, Long Punches, Forming Rolls, Edging Rolls, Master Tools, Beading Rolls, Intricate Punches, Extrusion Dies, Drawing Dies, Lamination Dies, Thread Rolling Dies, Shear Blades, Burnishing Tools, Gauges, Knurls, Wear Parts.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
.70/1.20 11.00/13.00 1.10 max 1.00 max .30 max 1850-2000F (1010-1093C) 1700F (927C) Do not normalize 1600-1650F (871-899C) 40F (22C) 217-255 Very Slowly 1500F (816C) 1800-1875F (982-1024C) 15-45 (j) A (I) 400-1000F (204-538C) 54-61 High to Very High Low Medium to High Deep Low Low Lowest Highest Medium
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-4
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AISI D3
Oil-hardening D3 has outstanding resistance to deformation, distortion, and shrinkage in heat treatment. It holds size nearly as well as air-hardening steels. It is one of the hardest tool steels in existence and retains a keen edge longer than tools made from other carbon or even high-speed steels. The deep-hardening property of D3 assures maximum hardness penetration right through to the tool center. D3 has superior resistance to wear and abrasion imparted by a rich complex of hard, uniformly-dispersed chromium carbides in the matrix. It is unsurpassed for high production die work, where long life is a primary requirement and where a minimum of shock is encountered (as in forming operations). The extreme hardness and abrasion resistance of D3 makes it somewhat more difficult to machine than lower carbon grades, but its deep hardening capacity assures uniform, economical, high-production form dies even after several regrinds. In addition, D3 has considerable resistance to corrosion and rust.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-5
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AISI D5
D5 is a high carbon, high chromium die steel with more than 3% cobalt. Cobalt imparts a pronounced secondary hardening effect in tempering. This nondeforming, air-hardening steel has both superior abrasion resistance and greater edge strength than ordinary high carbon, high chromium die steels. The addition of cobalt also gives D5 a non-galling property perfect for forming and drawing stainless steels as well as thick sheet stock for auto bumpers, shovels and truck frame parts. Impact strength of D5 is phenomenalover twice that of standard high carbon, high chromium steels. D5 is thus ideal for heavy blanking dies.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
.70/1.20 11.00/13.00 1.00 max 2.50/3.50 .30 max 1850-2000F (1010-1093C) 1700F (927C) Do not normalize 1600-1650F (871-899C) 40F (22C) 223-255 Very Slowly 1500F (816C) 1800-1875F (982-1024C) 15-45 (j) A (I) 400-1000F (204-538C) 54-61 High to Very High Low High Deep Low Low Lowest Highest Medium
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-6
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AISI DC53
DC53 is a general purpose, cold work die and mold steel whose strength and toughness approach those of high-speed steels.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Forming Dies, Thread Rolling Dies, Cold Forging Dies, Gauges, Plastic Molds, Stepped Punch and Press Punching Dies.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at Do not forge below
TYPE DC53
.95 2.00 8.00 .25
1100C 900C
NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
830C - 880C 40F (22C) 255 Slowly 800C - 850C) 1020 C - 1040C 15 - 45 Air, Gas 520-550C 64-58 High to Very High High High Through Harden High High Low High High
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-7
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AISI O1
O1 is an oil-hardening, non-deforming tool steel which can be hardened at relatively low temperatures. Tools and dies made from O1 will have good wearing qualities since the tungsten and higher chromium content gives improved wear resistance over the straight manganese grades.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Blanking Dies, Bushings, Forming Dies, Master Tools, Forming Rolls, Gauges, Trim Dies.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-8
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AISI O6
O6 is an oil-hardening cold work steel which has outstanding machinability resulting from small particles of graphitic carbon uniformly distributed throughout the steel. These particles increase resistance to wear and galling in service. For an oil-hardening steel, 06 holds size well during heat treating.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Blanking Dies, Piercing Dies, Drawing Dies, Pneumatic Hammers, Forming Dies, Spinning Tools, Punches, Stamps, Gauges, Wear Plates, Cams, Rotary Slitting Cutters.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-9
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AISI L6
L6 is a tough, oil-hardening tool steel possessing a fine-grained structure and desirable shock resistance. L6 is also associated with high strength and good nondeforming characteristics.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Forming Rolls, Spindles, Punches, Trim Dies, Blanking Dies, Embossing Dies, Forming Dies, and Shear Blades.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1800-2000F (982-1093C) 1550F (843C) 1600F (871 C) 1400-1450F (760-788C) 40F (22C) 183-255 Slowly 1450-1550F (788-843C) 10-30 (j) 0 (I) 350-1000F (177-538C) 45-62 Medium Very High Low Medium Medium High Low Medium High
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-10
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AISI S1 is a medium carbon tool steel containing tungsten, chromium and vanadium. The beneficial effects of these alloys are well known and, when added to steel of this carbon content in a properly balanced proportion, they impart an excellent combination of moderate hardness and high toughness. S1 is easy to heat treat and can be oil quenched from a wide temperature range. When the steel is oil quenched, it shows little tendency to move or distort. Occasionally a tool steel is required that has a very high toughness value and at the same time a surface of near file hardness. For such applications, S1 can be carburized to produce a wear-resisting surface without loss of the high strength and high toughness of the core. Carburized S1 has solved some intricate tool steel problems when no other type of tool steel would prove satisfactory. Since S1 combines to a good degree both toughness and hardness, it is adapted to wide use. It is excellent for chisels, punches, and pneumatic tools; certain types of hot working dies such as square heading dies for bolts; and for upset dies and dies which are subjected to shock and water cooling.
AISI S1
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo). Chromium(Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, Max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
14-11
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AISI S5
S5 is an oil-hardening silicon-manganese steel of medium carbon content especially adapted for punches, shear blades, chisels, and other shock resisting applications. S5 is therefore applicable where the properties of silicon-manganese steels are desired in combination with well-known advantages of oil-hardening steels. A reduced tendency to distort or crack in heat treatment is accordingly combined with high toughness in S5.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) FORGING (a) Start forging at
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1850-2050F (1010-1121C) 1600F (871C) Do not normalize 1425-1475F (774-802C) 25F (14C) 192-229 Slowly 1400F (760C) 1600-1700F (871-927C) 5-20 0 (I) 350-800F (177-427C) 50-60 Low to Medium Highest Low Medium Medium to High Medium to High Medium High Low
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-12
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AISI S7
AISI S7 is a general purpose air-hardening tool steel with high impact and shock resistance. It has good resistance to softening at moderately high temperatures. This combination of properties makes it suitable for many hot work and cold work applications. Excellent combination of high strength and toughness. Useful in moderate hot work as well as cold work work tooling. Added size stability when air hardened.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Bull Riveters, Concrete Breakers (Moll Points), Riveting Dies, Powder Metal Dies, Notching Dies, Dowels, Drills, Drill Plates, Hubs, Plastic Mold Dies, Cold Forming Dies, Blanking Dies, Bending Dies, and Master Hobs.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) FORGING (a) Start forging at
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (C) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature (Do not temper below 400oF) Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1950-2050F (1066-1121C) 1700F (927C) Do not normalize 1500-1550F (816-843C) 25F (14C) 187-223 Slowly 1200-1300F (649-704C) 1700-1750F (927-954C) 15-45 (j) A or O (I) 400-1150F (204-621C) 45-57 Low to Medium Very High High Medium to Deep Medium to High Medium to High A: Lowest /O: Low A: Highest /O: High Medium
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-13
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AISI S7 ESR
S7 ESR tool steel is specifically designed for use in molds and other applications where a highly polished or a very smooth finish is required. The ESR (Electro Slag Remelt) process removes most of the non-metallic inclusions in the steel. S7 ESR double melt's relatively low carbon level, fortified chemistry, ultra-clean, uniform, and homogeneous internal structure make it superior to the other conventionally manufactured shock-resisting tool steels. The following charts show microcleanliness ratings of ESR tool steels by ASTM E45, Method D: Typical Microcleanliness Thin Heavy Maximum Rated Microcleanliness Thin Heavy A <0.5 <0.5 A 1.5 1.0 B <0.5 <0.5 B 1.5 1.0 C <0.5 <0.5 C 2.0 1.0 D 1.0 1.0 D 1.5 1.0
The quality control of the S7 ESR process assures the exceptional cleanliness throughout by removing most harmful inclusions in the material (such as, oxides, nitrides and sulfides). The ESR steel produced will reflect a mirror like surface condition, subsequently reducing friction giving you easier ejection of parts, the elimination of minute scratches, and other stress-raisers that could lead to premature die failures. The higher quality steel produced by special melt practices imparts a most important characteristicfreedom of inclusions and other imperfections. Other advantages include: cleanliness, stability, improved mechanical properties, structures relatively free from segregation resulting in less cracking, and quality assurance by ultrasonic testing of all ESR material produced.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr)
TYPE S7 ESR
.50 .60 .65 1.40 3.25
ANNEALING (C) When properly annealed, this steel has a machinability rating of 95 as compared to a 1% carbon steel rated at 100. TEMPERING Tempering Rockwell C As Quenched ............................................................................. 60 400oF .......................................................................................... 58 500oF .......................................................................................... 56 600oF .......................................................................................... 55 700oF .......................................................................................... 54 800oF .......................................................................................... 53 900oF .......................................................................................... 52 1000oF ........................................................................................ 51 1100oF ........................................................................................ 47 1200oF ........................................................................................ 38
1" specimen, 3 long were air-hardened from 1725oF. Material may become brittle when tempered at less than 400oF.
14-14
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AISI P20
PREHARDENED
P20 is a chrome-moly tool steel made specifically to fill the requirements for the machined cavities and forces used in zinc die casting and plastic molding. It is delivered fully quenched and tempered to approximately Brinell 300. Other hardness levels may be obtained through additional heat treatment. P20 composition and structure provide excellent machining and polishing characteristics.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
2000oF (1093oC) 1700oF (927oC) Do not normalize 1450-1500oF (788-816oC) 30oF per hour to 1000oF 207 max. Slowly None 1500-1600oF (816-871oC) 60 min. per inch of thick. O (l) 300-1200oF (149-649oC) 26-54 Low to Medium Very High High Medium to Deep Medium Medium Low High High
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-15
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TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1600-1650oF (871-899oC) 192-241 1350-1450oF (735-788oC) 1850-1950oF (1110-1066oC) A (l) 450-750oF (232-399oC) 49-53 Low Medium Good Medium Medium Good Low High Medium
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-16
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W2 is a shallow hardening tool steel. Due to its vanadium content, the grain is superior in toughness and resistance to fatigue compared to straight carbon tool steels thereby making it desirable for many types of impact tools.
AISI W2
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-17
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H13 is a 5% chromium hot work tool steel designed for applications that require extreme toughness combined with good red-hardness. H13 will allow an extra margin of safety in tools subject to heavy hammer blows, and those containing deep recesses or sharp corners. Although H13 was designed as a hot work steel, it has solved many cold work applications where extra toughness could be gained with some sacrifice of wear resistance.
AISI H13
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Aluminum Extrusion Dies, Die Casting Dies, Heavy Duty Compression Tools, Forming Punches, Hot Forging Dies, Shear Blades, Plastic Mold Dies, and Bolt Dies.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
1.10/1.75 4.75/5.50 .80/1.20 .30 max 1950-2100F (1066-1149C) 1650F (899C) Do not normalize 1550-1650F (843-899C) 40F (22C) 192-229 Moderately from preheat 1500F (816C) 1825-1900F (996-1038C) 15-40 (j) A (I) 1000-1200F (k) (538-649C) 38-53 Medium Very High High Deep Medium to High Medium to High Very Low Highest Medium to High
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-18
Alro delivers...everyday
VISCOUNT 44
Viscount 44 is fully heat treated H13 hot work steel with carefully controlled and evenly dispersed sulphide additives. It is the same analysis type as Latrobe's popular VDC, but the free-machining sulphides improve the machinability to the point where die work at a hardness of Rockwell C 42-46 is practical. It is thus possible to bypass the risk of heat treatment involved in tool building. Prehardening gives Viscount 44 a tremendous advantage when used for hot work dies because of the constant danger of size change or distortion during heat treatment. The product also eliminates costly finishing operations after heat treatment. Using prehardened Viscount 44 for extrusion tools makes it possible to produce dies, backers, bolsters, dummy blocks, etc. in a few hours, allowing extremely short delivery schedules to be met. In addition, the use of prehardened Viscount 44 for extrusion dies ensures clean metal at the bearing surfaces free from any possible decarburization, carburization, scale, sub-scale or other deleterious conditions sometimes encountered when finished dies are heat treated. Field tests show that Viscount 44's performance in aluminum, magnesium, and zinc die casting dies is at best the equivalent of regular H13. Particular examples have shown that over 100,000 shots can be obtained in large dies and over 200,000 shots in smaller dies. Field reports also indicate excellent performance with Viscount 44 on forging dies, plastic molds, extrusion tools, and other hot work tools.
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) TEMPERING Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
VISCOUNT 44
.40 .80 1.00 1.35 5.25 1.00
14-19
Alro delivers...everyday
M2 is a tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel and is a popular grade for general purpose cutting and non-cutting applications. It has a wider heat-treating range than most of the molybdenum high-speed steels, coupled with a resistance to decarburization that is characteristic of tungsten types. M2 offers an excellent combination of red hardness, toughness, and wear resistance. M2 is available in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. As with all Alro Specialty Metal products, M2 is subjected to a variety of rigid quality control tests and inspection to ensure quality, uniformity, and reliability.
AISI M2
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Broaches, Boring Tools, Chasers, Cold Forming Rolls, Cold Heading Inserts, Drills, End Mills, Form Tools, Hobs, Lathe and Planer Tools, Punches, Milling Cutters, Taps, Reamers, and Saws. Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1900-2100F (1038-1149C) 1700F (927C) Do not normalize 1600-1650F (871-899C) 40F (22C) 212-241 Rapidly from preheat 1350-1550F (732-843C) 2175-2250F (h) (1191-1232C) 2-5 O, A, or S (I) 1000-1100F (538-593C) 60-65 Very High Low Very High Deep Medium Low A or S: Low/O: Medium Medium High
Refer to pp.14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-20
Alro delivers...everyday
M3 was developed after extensive studies of the effect of increased carbon and vanadium contents on the intermediate molybdenum-tungsten high-speed steels. The analysis was tried and proven on practically all high-speed steel applications. M3 offers the unusual combination of extremely high-edge strength at high hardness levels. With few exceptions, best life is accomplished with a minimum hardness of 65.5 Rockwell C. Experience indicates that the chemical balance achieved in M3 results in optimum combination of cutting ability, abrasion resistance, edge strength, red hardness, and long service life. M3 is more readily machined and offers less grinding resistance than higher vanadium types.
AISI M3
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Drills, Taps, End Mills, Reamers, Counterbores, Broaches, Hobs, Form Tools, Lathe and Planer Tools, Checking Tools, Milling Cutters, Slitting Saws, Punches, Drawing Dies, and Wood Working Knives. Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1900-2100F (1038-1149C) 1700F (927C) Do not normalize 1600-1650F (871-899C) 40F (22C) 223-255 Rapidly from preheat 1350-1550F (732-843C) 2200-2250F (h) (1191-1232C) 2-5 O, A, or S (I) 1000-1100F (538-593C) 61-66 Highest Low Very High Deep Medium Very Low A or S: Low/O: Medium Medium High
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-21
Alro delivers...everyday
M3T2 PM represents a higher carbon-vanadium modification of the popular AISI M3 high-speed steel. The higher carbon and vanadium provides greater resistance to abrasion while maintaining an optimum combination of cutting ability, edge strength, red hardness, and long service life. M3T2 PM is produced by the powder metallurgy process which provides excellent structural uniformity exhibiting finer carbide particle size while eliminating carbide segregation. In addition, finer and more evenly distributed sulfides provide improved machinability as annealed and excellent grindability as hardened. These unique properties make this ideal material for applications requiring both red hardness and wear resistance.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Broaches, Drills, End Mills, Form Tools, Gear Cutters, Hobs, Lathe Tools, Milling Cutters, Punches, and Slitting Saws. Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Sulphur (S) FORGING (a) Start forging at Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature
M3 Type 2 PM (UNST11323)
1.20 .30 .40 6.00 6.00 4.25 2.95 .07
Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1550-1600F (843-871C)
1450-1550F (788-843C) 2210-2240F (h) (1210-1227C) 10-30 O (I) 1000-1100F (538-593C) 62-66 Highest Low Very High Deep Medium High Low Medium Medium
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-22
Alro delivers...everyday
M4 PM, a member of the molybdenum-tungsten family of high-speed steels, is a special purpose grade which utilizes its higher carbon and vanadium contents to develop excellent abrasion resistance. Produced conventionally, M4 is difficult to machine in the annealed condition and grind in the hardened condition. M4 PM is produced by the powder metallurgy process and allows an addition of .06/.08 sulfur which provides a uniform dispersion of small sulfides throughout the structure and enhances machinability. Coupled with finer carbides and structural uniformity, better grindability is also achieved. These factors, along with increased toughness, are ideally suited for heavy-duty cold-work applications.
AISI M4 (PM)
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Blades, Broaches, Chasers, Die Inserts, Form Tools, Lathe and Planer Tools, Milling Cutters, Punches, Reamers, Slitter Knives, Spade Drills, and Taps.
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Sulphur (S) FORGING (a) Start forging at Do not forge below ANNEALING (c) Temperature
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1550-1600F (843-871C)
1450-1550F (788-843C) 2150-2250F (h) (1176-1232C) 10-30 O (I) 1000-1100F (538-593C) 62-66 Highest Low Very High Deep Medium High Low Medium Medium
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-23
Alro delivers...everyday
M42 is a molybdenum-cobalt high-speed steel capable of being hardened to 70 Rockwell C. The carbon content is higher than in most high-speed steels, and with this balanced composition, contributes to wear resistance and hot hardness as well as the high hardness capability. M42 exhibits good grindability and relatively good toughness at high hardness levels. M42 is being used for the machining of heat treated materials (high hardness) and high temperature alloys.
AISI M42
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Broaches, Circular and Dovetail Form Tools, Drills, End Mills, Lathe Tools, Milling Cutters, Punches, Reamers, Slitting Saws, and Twist Drills.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
Do not forge below ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1900-2100F (1038-1149C) 1700F (927C) 1600-1650F (871-899C) 40F (22C) 235-269 Rapidly from preheat 1350-1550F (733-843C) 2125-2175F (h)(o) (1163-1191C) 2-5 O, A, or S (I) 950-1100F (510-593C) 65-70 Very High to Highest Low Highest Deep Medium Low A or S: Low/O: Medium Low to Medium Low
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-24
Alro delivers...everyday
T15 PM is a tungsten high-speed steel designed for use in machining operations requiring heavy cuts, high speeds and feeds. Its primary use is in applications requiring the machining of high-hardness heat-treated materials such as high temperature alloys. The high carbon, vanadium, and cobalt contents contribute to good wear resistance, hot hardness and good hardness capabilities. T15 PM is produced by the powder metallurgy process which has resulted in improved quality from the standpoint of structural uniformity, response to heat treatment and grindability. These factors, along with increased toughness, are increased usage in the industry because of its recognized superior cutting ability.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Broaches, Chasers, Form Tools, Heavy Duty Cutting Tools, High Production Blades, Milling Cutters, Reamers, and Taps.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) FORGING (a) Start forging at
Do not forge below ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1600-1650F (871-899C)
1000-1100F (538-593C) 66-68 Highest Low Very High Deep Medium High Medium Medium Medium
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-25
Alro delivers...everyday
KPM Super Square, with its already-squared edges and tighter tolerances, may reduce your purchased weight, hours of valuable machine time and increases die build efficiency.
M a c h I n e d
Machined
Machined
M a c h I n e d
S a w C u t
Machined
Machined
S a w C u t
Ground or Milled +.015 to +.025 Ground or Milled +.015 to +.025 Saw Cut +.060 to +.187* .002 TIR
KPM
ThICkNESS FINISh ThICkNESS ToLERANCE WIDTh FINISh WIDTh ToLERANCE LENgTh FINISh LENgTh ToLERANCE EDgE SqUARENESS
Ground or Milled +.015 to +.035 Saw Cut +.040 to +.125 Saw Cut +.060 to +.187
DCF
14-26
Alro delivers...everyday
(g) For large tools and tools having intricate sections, preheating at 1050-1200F (566-649C) is recommended. (h) When high temperature heating is carried out in a salt bath, the range of temperatures should be about 25F (14C) lower than that shown. (j) Times shown apply to open furnace heat treatment. For pack hardening a common rule is to heat for 1/2 hour per inch (25.4 mm) of cross section of the pack.
(k) Double tempering suggested for not less than one hour at temperature each temper.
Continued on next page
14-27
Alro delivers...everyday
W: Water quench (m) Triple tempering suggested for not less than one hour at temperature each temper. (n) When high carbon material is involved, lowering of the hardening temperature an additional 25F (14C) is suggested. This is in addition to the 25F (14C) reduction involving salt bath hardening. (o) Available in two silicon contents, nominally 0.33% and 0.55%. When 0.55% silicon is used, the maximum suggested hardening temperature is 2150F (1177C).
TOOL WRAP
Tool Wrap is a revolutionary new approach to the heat treatment process. Here's how it works: wrap your parts in our special Tool Wrap as you would a package or a sandwich because Tool Wrap can be wrinkled, folded or cut with scissors (.002 thick T321 Stainless). Then place in your furnace and air cool as usual with the Tool Wrap on the material. Try Tool Wrap on all air hardening grades and hot work steels. Consider the following advantages of Tool Wrap: No costly atmosphere or special controls needed. No time consuming Ni chrome box packing. Scale free heat treating. Hardened parts remain scale free, minimizing grinding.
GRADE AVAILABILITY
grade Thickness Maximum Temperature
.002" .002"
Tool Wrap edges are extremely sharp, gloves should always be worn when working with Tool Wrap.
14-28
Alro delivers...everyday
DCF
Pounds (per ft) 6.128 6.795 7.463 8.130 8.798 9.465 10.800 12.135 13.470 14.805 16.140 17.475 18.810 21.480 24.150 26.820 32.161 37.501 42.841 53.521 2.853 3.240 3.628 4.015 4.403 4.791 5.566 6.341 7.116 7.891 8.666 9.442 10.217 10.992 12.542 14.093 15.643 17.193 18.744 21.844 24.945 28.046 31.146 37.348
Size (inches) 3/4 x 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/4 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 6-1/2 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 20 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/4 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 7 8 9 10 12
7/8 x
Actual weight may vary because of oversize tolerance. Sizes not listed above can be cut from plate. For Powdered Metal add 3% for weight
Thickness Through 4" thick ......... .015 - .035 oversize Over 4" thick ............... .062 - .124 oversize
14-29
Alro delivers...everyday
DCF
Pounds (per ft) 21.252 23.879 26.506 29.133 31.760 37.014 42.268 47.522 52.776 63.284 84.299 105.315 126.331 10.977 12.506 14.034 15.563 17.092 18.621 21.678 24.736 27.794 30.851 33.909 36.967 43.082 49.197 55.312 61.427 73.658 14.267 16.011 17.755 19.499 21.244 24.732 28.220 31.708 35.197 38.685 42.173 49.150 56.126 63.103 70.079
DCF Thickness and Width Oversize Ranges : Width (based on thickness) Through 4" thick ...... .035 to .077 oversize Over 4" thick ............ .062 to .124 oversize Thickness Through 4" thick ......... .015 - .035 oversize Over 4" thick ............... .062 - .124 oversize
Actual weight may vary because of oversize tolerance. Sizes not listed above can be cut from plate. For Powdered Metal add 3% for weight
14-30
Alro delivers...everyday
DCF
Pounds (per ft) 162.027 219.575 274.315 71.618 79.413 95.003 126.182 154.542 88.188 96.844 105.500 122.812 140.124 174.749 209.373 106.480 115.998 154.067 192.137 126.495 147.252 168.010 209.524 251.039
* 10" THICK PLATE IS AVAILABLE IN SOME GRADES. PLEASE INQUIRE. DCF Thickness and Width Oversize Ranges : Width (based on thickness) Through 4" thick ...... .035 to .077 oversize Over 4" thick ............ .062 to .124 oversize Thickness Through 4" thick ......... .015 - .035 oversize Over 4" thick ............... .062 - .124 oversize
Actual weight may vary because of oversize tolerance. Sizes not listed above can be cut from plate. For Powdered Metal add 3% for weight
14-31
Alro delivers...everyday
DCF
Pounds (per ft) 199.083 210.778 222.806 247.864 274.257 302.838 331.941 362.379 394.152 427.260 461.703 497.481 542.177 580.892 620.942 705.047 794.492 889.277 1002.293 1108.425 1336.710 1570.126
1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-7/8 2 2-1/8 2-1/4 2-3/8 2-1/2 2-5/8
*For Powdered Metal add 3% for weight. *DC53 rounds under 6-1/2" are hot rolled and oversized to finish at their nominal size. 6-1/2" and over are rough turned and oversized to finish at their nominal size. *M2 rounds are available in on-size diameters and oversize diameters. M2 rounds are available in 3/8" to 6" diameters.
Alro's in-house services can have a tremendous affect on your turnaround time. If your need is for one piece or thousands of pieces Alro can accommodate to your satisfaction.
14-32
TOLERANCES
Alro delivers...everyday
Flats and Squares Size (inches) Through 4" thick Over 4" thick
TOLERANCES
Rounds - Typical Machining Allowances Nominal Size (inches) 1/2 to 1-1/2 Over 1-1/2 to 3 3 thru 6 Over 6 thru 7 Over 7 thru 18 Over 18 oversize Tolerance (inches) +0.010 to +0.020 +0.015 to +0.025 +0.062 to +0.186 +0.093 to +0.250 +0.125 to +0.375 +0.1875 to +0.5625
Rough Turned Tolerances: (All rounds 3" diameter and over are supplied with a Rough Turned tolerance)
When ordering hot rolled bar stock, allowances must be made for machining in order to remove all decarburized surface. Decarburization is caused by heating for forging or rolling, and annealing. To obtain a uniform surface hardness and keep warpage to a minimum on finished tools, it is necessary to remove all the decarburization from all surfaces before hardening. The minimum allowances for machining and the maximum decarburization limits for rounds, hexagons, octagons, and flats are given in the following tables. Minimum Allowances Per Side for Machining Prior to heat Treatment for hot Rolled Rounds Ordered Size (inches)Hot Rolled Up to 1/2, incI. Over 1/2 to 1, incl. Over 1 to 2, incI. Over 2 to 3, incI. Over 3 to 4, incI. Over 4 to 5, incl. Over 5 to 6, incl. Over 6 to 8, incl. Over 8 .016 .031 .048 .063 .088 .112 .150 .200 Forged .072 .094 .120 .145 .170 .200 .200 Rounds Rough Turned .020 .024 .032 .040 .048 .072
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14-34
Over 2 to 3 Incl. .035 .056 .050 .064 .065 .075 .085 .085 B Specified Width, In. Over Over Over 3 to 4 4 to 5 5 to 6 Incl. Incl. Incl. .040 .045 .050 .068 .092 .104 .055 .060 .070 .080 .104 .120 .070 .070 .075 .084 .112 .124 .085 .085 .085 .102 .120 .136 .115 .115 .115 .115 .127 .140 .150 .150 .150 .165 .190 .190 Over 6 to 7 Incl. .055 .120 .070 .136 .075 .144 .090 .160 .115 .180 .150 .180 .190 .190 .250 .250 Over 7 to 8 Incl. .060 .136 .075 .160 .090 .168 .100 .180 .125 .190 .150 .190 .190 .190 .250 .250 Over 8 to 9 Incl. .060 .144 .075 .160 .095 .180 .100 .190 .125 .190 .150 .190 .190 .190 .250 .250 Over 9 to 10 Incl. .060 .152 .075 .160 .100 .180 .100 .190 .125 .190 .150 .190 .190 .190 .250 .250
Maximum Decarburization Limits 80% of allowances per side for machining Minimum Allowances Per Side for Machining Prior to Heat Treatment for Hot-Rolled Square and Flat Bars
0 to 1/2, incI.
A B A Over 1/2 to 1, incI. B A Over 1 to 2, incI. B A Over 2 to 3, incI. B A Over 3 to 4, incI. B A Over 4 to 5, incI. B A Over 5 to 6, incI. B A Over 6 B
Alro delivers...everyday
Minimum Allowances Per Side for Machining of Forged Squares and Flat Bars Over 8 to 9 Incl. Over 9 to 10 Incl.
Alro delivers...everyday
0 to 1/2, incI. .100 .200 .140 .200 .160 .200 .210 .210 .225 .225 .250 .250 .250 .250
A B A Over 1/2 to 1, incI. B A Over 1 to 2, incI. B A Over 2 to 3, incI. B A Over 3 to 4, incI. B A Over 4 to 5, incI. B A Over 5 to 6, incI. B A Over 6 B
0 to 1/2 IncI. .030 .030 .110 .200 .150 .200 .175 .200 .225 .225 .250 .250 .250 .250 .250 .250
Over 2 to 3 Incl. .040 .080 .065 .084 .090 .100 .120 .120
Specified Width, In. Over Over Over 3 to 4 4 to 5 5 to 6 Incl. Incl. Incl. .045 .055 .065 .100 .120 .144 .065 .075 .080 .100 .120 .144 .090 .100 .110 .108 .124 .148 .120 .125 .130 .130 .140 .148 .150 .150 .160 .150 .150 .160 .180 .180 .180 .180 .210 .210 Over 6 to 7 Incl. .070 .168 .085 .168 .115 .172 .135 .172 .180 .180 .190 .190 .225 .225 .250 .250 Over 7 to 8 Incl. .075 .200 .090 .200 .125 .200 .150 .200 .190 .190 .210 .210 .225 .225 .250 .250
14-35
Alro delivers...everyday
Notes
14-36