\

PRINCIPAL W. R. TAYLOR

COLLECTION
195

ASSYRIAN PRIMER
AN

INDUCTIVE METHOD
3F LEARNING

THE CUNEIFORM CHARACTERS

BY

J.

DYNELEY PRINCE,

Ph.D.

PROFESSOR OP SEMITIC LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

Jkefo Jgotfe

THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS

1909
All rights reserved

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in

2007 with funding from

Microsoft Corporation

http://www.archive.org/details/assyrianprimerinOOprinuoff

ASSYRIAN PRIMER
AN

INDUCTIVE METHOD

OF LEARNING THE CUNEIFORM CHARACTERS

BY

J.

DYNELEY PRINCE,

Ph.D.

PROFESSOR OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

522293
II-

S-

-5(

Jgeta Jgorft

THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS

1909

AH

rights reserved

PRINTED BY

G.

KREYSING, LEIPZIG,

GERMANY

orewor
The need of
object
a series of progressive lessons for beginners in Cuneiform

has long been felt in the Columbia University Semitic Department.

of the

The
by
an

present

work

is

to

lighten

the

labours of the English

speaking Assyrian student,

sheer force
of

who

has hitherto been compelled to learn,

signs

memory,
the

the ninety-eight simple

text.

before he could

proceed

to

read

most ordinary
to

In the following lessons

attempt has been made

grade the acquisition of the signs and the

learning of the main features of the grammar, so that the student

may

proceed, inductively and with comparative facility, to master simultaneously

both the intricacies of the characters and the most salient facts of Assyrian

grammatical structure.

My

especial

thanks

are

due to
great

my

friend

Dr. Robert J.

Lau

of

Columbia University for the

autographed the
sign-lists

care

and

skill

with which he has

and

exercises.
J.

Dyneley Prince.

Columbia University, New York.

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Assyrian-English Glossary.
Note that in the following word-list, Arabic numerals standing alone refer pages of the preceding lessons and that small Roman numerals followed by Arabic numerals refer to the text of the last three lessons, the Arabic numerals indicating the numbered lines. Thus, 48 would mean page 48, but
to the

XV,

10 indicates the tenth line of the fifteenth lesson.

Note also that verbs

final

tf 2

are indicated throughout

by

final Jl.

N
$du
dlu
'one',
'city',

11; idis
pi. aldni,

'alone',

39,41.

15.

ma

abu 'father', pi. abuti, 8; abisu 'his father', (gen.), XIII, 14. abdbu 'shine, be pure', 35; prec. libbib 'mny he shine'; adj.
ebbu
'shining, pure'.
'defeat'; ideogr.

Tan abiktu

SI

SI,

41.

5D3N abkallum 'leader, governor', 33. abnu 'stone', 43.

ebhru
'cross over',

49;

pret. ibtr,

XV,

6. 6.

agdgu
'

'be

angry';

pret.

egugma, XIV,
6.

Noun:

uggatu

'anger, 23.
'marsh',

agammu
IT 6* addru
3TN 4
7TN 4
"1TN 4

49

pi.

agamme, XV,

adi prep, 'unto, as far

'fear',

as,

together with', 38.

39; pret. adur, XII, 11.

essu 'new', 23. eztbu 'leave, abandon', 39, 41. ezzu 'strong, powerful', 22.

'curse'; prec. pret. 1 p. luzzurma, XV, 10; ezru XV, 10. n ahu 'brother', 15; ahatu 'sister', 15. TnN ahdzu 'seize, grasp', 47; III, 1 usahhaz, XIII, 16.

ez&ru

'a curse',

"IE3N 4

eteru 'spare, save', 41.

'eye',

r4 Gnu dru

11. 23, 39.

'reach, attain',

akiL 'cripple, feeble', 37.

akdlu

'eat';

pret.

ekulma, XV, 11.

but from

Not a Semitic word, ekallu 'temple, palace', 42. Sumerian e-gal 'big house'.

52
bN ilu 'god', pi. il&ni, 11, bN ul 'not'; usual negative
bfi**

37.

= Heb.

tfb.

ultu prep, 'from', 11.

e/it

nbN 4

'go up, ascend',

elinitu 'upper', 38.

^bN 2 aldku 'go', 37, 48; bb a/a/it 'shine, be bright', 35;

23, 34.
bbtf aldlu 'hang' (trans.); pret.

Adj. elinu, fem. pret. eli, XIV, 5. Prep, eli 'against, over', 11. pret. 1 p. allik, XIV, 13; 3 p. illik, 19.

48;

adj. e//w,

fem. ellitu 'bright, pure',

1 p. alul, XIII, 15.

CM
Dtf 3

ummu
emu

'mother',

15.

'father-in-law';
pi.

emetu 'mother-in-law',

15.

bttN

amelu 'man';

ameluti, 11.

pteN

ummandti 'troops', 41; XIII, 16. emuqu 'power', 44. TEN amdru 'see'; pret. 1 p. amur, XII,
m^rw
'ass',

pN

9.

*TON tamirtu 'circumference'; ewa tamirti 'around', 41.

")70N 3

15.

)N
tiDN

ana prep, 'unto': ina 'in, by', 11. annu 'this'; fem. annitu, 19; pi. annutu

(ti),

anndti] 20.

unutu 'furniture, implements', 43; XII, ^38 andku pron. 1 p. T, 8.

13N

10.

^pN andku pN aninu

1L3N

'lead'

(metal), 34.
8.

'we'; also: anini, ndnu, nini,

msw

'weak', 22.

!10N ws<2&' 'help, assistance', 37.

}DN

isinnu

'feast',

50; isinm] XV, 11.

33.
;

bDN a^Zw DN apsu

1Z3BK4

'son',

23.

'abyss, ocean',
'do,

eptsu

make', 37
pi.

adj.

itpisu 'active, capable'.

'marsh',

^DN apdru: appardti

lEN* epru
'dust',

of

apparu

45; XV,

6.

46.

^N irtu 'breast, front', 34. m&* 4 Urbi; name of a tribe, 23. 4 3nN irba 'four', 37. JtiN 4 erU 'like an eagle', XII, 3 from eru 'eagle', m urhu 'road', 19; XII, 11; XV, 2. D*iN aramme, pi. 'siege instuments', 48; XIV, 12.
y^iN irsitu 'earth', 11.

34.

11N ardru
u;tf
^lltJN

'curse';

arratu

'a

curse',

23.

TEN* istu prep, 'from', 11.

isatu

'fire',

34.
to';

asdru 'care for, pay attention -NON asru 'place', 23, 39. 1*1108 asdridu 'leader', 38. irittN ussu 'foundation', 11; XV, 8. niUN assatu 'wife, woman', 11, 23.
intffc 4

pret. asur, XII, 10.

isten 'one', XII, 8.

itti 'with',

na

11.
;

tins atta 'thou, fem. o#e', 8 attunu 'ye', 8. bns itlum 'hero'; sometimes written idlum, 37.

53

SNn bdbu b4 3 belum

Tin 6wrtw

gate',
'lord',

23,
7.

49 XV, 4. 23,44; XII, 12;

; ;

btiit,

constr. of

Ultu

'lady',

50; XV,
rv*3 bitu 'house',

'well',

49

XV,

6.

11, 34, 43.

Bitdurani

'fortifications',

44.

mora bamdteiti) 'high-places, heights', 15.

nsn #anw 'build, beget'; noun: nabnitu p*D bardqu 'lighten', 38.
TVafa

'offspring',

XIV,

3.

basu

'be,

exist',

11;

bum

'property', 43.

'all', XIV, 7. gitmalum 'perfect', 38. "I'm gimru 'entirety', constr. gimir, 19 XII, "115 gardru 'run'; girru 'campaign', 40. T3 gasru 'mighty', 22.

15 gabbu

bto3

5.

b:n dagdlu

'look'

pret. adgul, XII, 8

pi.

zdgttZ,

19.

Dn dadmu
^H ddku
ptol

'dwelling';

dadme, 23.
16; maddktu
'fortification'.

'slay, kill';

pret. acft/&, XIII,

N 4 fai dimdti

'posts,

damdqu

'be

XII, 15; pi. of dirntu. favourable to', 34 adj. damqu

stakes',
;

'favourable,

gracious', 37.

pn dandnu
w]Di

'be

powerful';

adj.

dannu

'powerful',

15,37;

fern.

dannatUj 15.

duppu

'clay

Noun: dunnu 'power, tablet', XIV, 11.

strength',

XV,

8.

'and',

11.

bill

abdla

'carry, bring';

nouns: muttabilutu

I,

2 parte, 'portable

things'; fo'Zta 'tribute',

49; XV,

5.

NXT asu 'go out'; noun: situ 'rising of the sun', 39. urd -{- *w. nil aru 'bring' urassu. XIV, 4 *pi arhu 'after', XII, 8. S1 asdbu 'dwell' 38; noun: subtu 'dwelling', XIV, 2; with
;

suffix

subatsun, XIII, 14.

"OT zikaru 'hero, male', 11.

pOT

zamdnu

'enemy', 38.
'sharp',

qpT zaqdpu 'set up'; azqup, XIV, 13. npT zaqdtu 'be sharp' 2a<^w, pi. zaqtuti zuqtu 'sharp peak', XIV, 5. 84 *H z^rw: constr. 3er 'seed', XIII, 14.
;

XIV,

7.

Noun

54

mn

hadis

'joyfully',

43.

Tin tohazu 'battle', 39,

42

XII, 10.
9.

Mahazu

'city,

XII,

2.

wn

XV, 1. bn hullanu 'garment', XV,

hattu 'sceptre',

y-in kurdsu 'gold', 34, 43. nnn tahtu 'defeat': taktdsunu, XIV,

8.

z&i'ui

t&mu
tudu

'counsel,

wisdom,

taste',

XV,

1.

iiLD

tabu, fern, tdbtu 'good', 15.

'road',

na
tt*I3

19.

titu 'clay,

mud', 23.
'like

baa

titallu 'torch'; titallis,

a torch',

XIV,

3.

nd"

idti 'me', 13. -p idu 'hand', 23; idd-ia 'my hends', (dual), XII, 13.
1

-ip^ IID'
1

aqartu, fem. 'precious', 43.

rnisaru 'righteousness', 37.

-j kdsa 'thee'; kd$i, 13; kdsunu you', 13. D2D kabdsu 'tread', III, 1, parte, constr. sukbus 'hostile advance', XIV, 12. -OD kibrdti 'regions', 37. ruD kabittu 'heart, liver', XIV, 6. -HD tefre 'gifts, tribute', 47; XIII, 10. Vo kdlu 'all', 38; kdlisunu 'all of them', XIV, 4. ya kdnu 'establish', 49 pret. ukin, XV, 5. Noun kittu
;
:

'righteousness', 37.

Mma

'like,

like to',

11.

p kakkn 'weapon', 38.

pDD kalbanndti 'axes', 48; XIV, 12. ttjas kandsu 'bow down', 39. &cwfm 'silver', 43. J) on nits kussu 'cold', XII, 11.

D-D karmu 'ploughed field', XV, pD kurunnu 'wine', XV, 11.

IJ-O

3.

kirdm 'camp'; with suffix kirassu, 41. -IDD kasddu 'conquer'; pret. 1 p. aksud, 19, XIV, 9, 12, 44; iksudd, 3 pi. fern., 42. tftto kisSdti 'hosts', 37.

55

Mb Id

'not',

11.

t2N 4 b parte. Id, it 'swallow up, devour',

38.

nb libbu
"nab
llSab

'heart'; libbi,
'old,

XIV,
23.
II, 1
;

6.

labiru

ancient',

labdsu
lit,

'be

clothed
11.

ulabbis,

XV,

9.

lb
'ib

'verily',

Strengthening and precative particle.

lisdnu 'tongue, language', 15.

'honey',

ibb lallarum
tittb

XV,

11.
1
p.

lamu

'surround';

pret.

alme, XVI, 12.

Noun: limetu

'boundary, border', 44.

pob limnu 'evil', 34; XV, 10. N3 pb liqu 'take'; pret. alqd, XII,

3.

raarw

'son',

33.

mimma
mdtu

'whatever, something', 34, 43. 'land', 15. Probably not a Semitic

'favour',
;

word, but from

Sumerian mada.

magdru
DTD mdtu

38; migru, constr. migir 'favourite', 37.

imtut,
smite';

'die'

I, 2.

XV,

2.

mahdsu
him'.

'smash,

pret.

with suffix:
41.

amhassu
mumtahisu.

'I

smote

Noun: mundahsu mahru 'first', 40; tamkdru

"Oft

'warrior', for
'battle',

namkuru 'property', 43. malu 'be full'; mala 'as many as', 11. maldku 'rule, counsel'; mdliku, pi. malke, malkdni
malkatu,
pi.

'prince';

malkdti

'princess', 1 5

milieu 'counsel, advice'

XV,
rtM3

1.

mannu 'who?'; mind 'what?', 20. manu 'count, reckon'; pret. amnu,
maqdtu
'fall';

43.

pret.

amqut, 49.
II, 1,

musu 'night', 34. masdru 'leave, abandon;

mesriti 'limbs', 34(?).

umassir

'he left',

XIV,

2.

N5- nabu 'speak, utter', 34; nibu 'number', 45. bsi nabdlu 'destroy' pret. abut, XII, 4. ysD nigissu 'gorge', 39.
;

m3
Ti:
TT3

nadu

'set,

place, lay'; pret. addi,

XV,

8. 2.

pa naddnu

'give'; pret. iddin,

15; pres. 3 pi inamdinu-ma, XIV,

Noun: mandatu 'tribute, gift', XV, 5. nuru 'light', 34. nazdzu 'stand'; pret. 3 p. fern, tazziz-ma, XII, 13
nidti
'us',

1 p. azzaz, 19.

PN"

13.

-p3 niru 'yoke', XII, 9.

"P3 vieru

'a

ner'

= 600.

56
CO" niksu 'breach in a wall', XIV, 12. -OS nakdru 'change, hostile'; II, 1, unakkir, XIII, 16; Noun: ndkiru 'enemy', XIV, 7; XV, 10. TDD namdru 'shine', 35. no: nasdhu 'tear away' pret. assuh, XIV, 3.
;

XV,

12.

Ijd:

napistu

'life',

41.

ISSD
"ipD

WW
pu:5

nasdru 'keep', 37. Noun: nisirtu 'treasure', 43. naqdru 'tear down, destroy'; pret. 1 p. aqur, XII, 4. w<mt 'lift up'; pret. 1 p. asst, XV, 7; III, 1, usassi with parte, nds, XV, 1. suffix, XIV, 5 nasdqu 'kiss'; II, 1. unassiq, XIV, 10.
;

fern.

pO sudinnu 'a sort of bird', 39. qnD sahdpu 'overthrow' pret. ishup, XIV, 9. ino sahdru 'surround', 37; ina sihirti: prep,
;

'around', XIII, 5.

0^0 stsu

'horse,

42

XII, 9.
12.

tpo sakdpu 'overthrow'; pret. askup, 19; iskap, XII, j^O samnu, ordinal: 'eighth', 11.
JCD sapdnu 'sweep away, overthrow'; aspun, XII,
5.

rpO se/^w
-lEO

'threshold',

49

XV,

4.

supuru
sittu,

'enclosure',

22.

no

pi. sittuti 'rest,

remainder', 23.

CI

ISO pagru 'corpse'; pagris

ID
1212
:

'like

a corpse', XIII, 15.

pu, gen. pi 'mouth', 22.

papa 'limit', XII, 5 pat gimri 'entirety'. patdru 'split'; Noun: patru 'dagger', 23. nbc paldhu 'fear'; pulhu, XIV, 9; puluhtu 'fear', XII, rabs pilsu, Tp\.pilsi{e) 'hole, mine', 48; XIV, 12.
1t2D

12.

npc piqittu 'order, muster', XII, 9. IB paru 'mule', 42. "pD parakku 'royal chamber, shrine', 38.
SJ^D
*!1Z;-)D

pardsu 'flee', 39; IV, 1, pret. ipparis XIV, 2. parsddu 'flee', 41. Quadriliteral from ttHc.
^?Vw 'open'; pret.

N 3 DD

apte-ma, 43.

r
NniS

sdbu

'warrior',
;

41.

nnit sumbu 'cart' pi. sumbe, 42. r>3 sabdtu 'seize'; pret. 1 p. asbaf, XIII, 11. ^nit #rtt 'little, small', 22, 44.
;

'PS
DbiL

siru, constr. sir 'against',

salmu

'image'; constr.

XV, 5. Warn, 19; XIV, 12; XV,

9.

57
nbi

salmu

'black';

fem. pi. constr. salmdt: salmdt

qaqqadi

'the

black headed ones', i. e., the Babylonians, 39. 1tt simittu 'span, team', XII, 9.

ms

susu 'marsh', 19. sardhu 'cry out'; I, 2. issarih, XII, 6; XIV, rpat sarpu 'refined silver', 34.

6.

P
nNp
<?a&t 'hand',

19; dual qatd, 42.

bap ^a6/w 'midst; combat', 41. srp ^sta 'gift', 23. ^iSp 2*' M 'strength, power'; constr. qisir, XV, 8. vpy qaqqadu 'head', 39. npp qaqqdru 'territory, ground', XV, 8. mp qirbu midst', 35 constr. qirib, 42 qitrubu 'battle, attack', 42. Tip qarradu 'warrior', 33; qurddu 'warrior', 15. nu;p qastu 'bow'; qasdtsunu 'their bows', XII, 13. PI. is qasdti.
;

JW4I rhim DK 3 "i rdmu

1UN"1

'shepherd',
'love',

37.

37.

rUu 'head', 15, 23. nn"! rabu 'be big, large'; III,
33*1

1.

usarbd, 38.

Adj. raw, fem.

rabitu, pi. rabuh] rabdti 'big, large', 22, 37.

rakdbu
pi.

'ride, mount'; noun: narkabtu, constr. narkabat; narkabdli, XIV, 5.

n^-i rem? 'help, aid'; pi. parte, risfe 'allies', 41. fnzn rasu 'possess'; used particularly of mental qualities; parte. seen in rds timi 'possessor of counsel, understanding', XV, 1.

ID
rel. pron. 'who'; prep, 'of, 11, 19. 1Z3 sa: bNiu sctdlu 'ask'; pret. 1 p. a$dl, XV, 7. -iN 3 iz: *2rw 'morning', 15.

131ZJ

sabdru
su

'break'; pret. 3 p. fem. tasbir,

XII, 13.

JTHZ3 itf^w 'mountain',

11L

23.

'he; that one', 8. Si 'she', 8. tiunu, sina 'they' (masc. and fem.). Sdsu, fem. &?&', 8, 13; suatu, fem. seata', pi. suatunu, fem. siatina, 19; also satunu, masc. pi. demon'that one, those ones'. strative pronoun usasttr-ma, XIV, 11. *1BUJ satdru 'write'; III, 1. 'set, fix, establish'; smti^m 'fate, destiny', 34; XV, 2. D^iD s&pi-ia 'my feet', XIV, 5. CptD s^pw 'foot', 48 pTD sakdnu 'set, establish', 34; pret. askun, XIV, 8; I, 1.

Mmw

abizj

aslakan, 41. sa&jw 'snow', XII, 11.

58
bbu; saldlu 'take as booty'
Sallatis
booty',
'as
;

pret. aSlula, 44.

booty',

43;

sallasunu

=
;

Noun

sallatu 'booty'
'their

sallat-sunu

44.
(of the sun), 38.

DbiE
0;a

saldmu

'set'

Noun

sulmu

'peace, greeting',

XV, 7. umu 'name', 34,43;

19, 50;

pi.

sume, XIV, 11

constr. sing,

swm,

XIII, 16.
FODtO
STOtf

samu
sind

'heaven'

pi.

samd, 35.

'two', XII, 8.
'rival,

p(A sandnu

vie with', 38.

bed

saplu, fern, saplitu 'low', 39.

Ydid sipsu 'might, power', 39. 1Z1D sipru 'message'; constr. sipir, 19. ^V sarru, pi. sarrdni 'king', 15; sarrutu 'kingdom, royalty', 38. Bpflj sardpu 'burn'; pret. 1 p. asrup, XII, 4. pniz: sardqu 'give'; pret. 1 p. asruq, XIII, 16.
npiZJ

sa<2# 'high', 23.

nuj

sa#w

'year',

49; sattisam 'annually', XV,

5.

DN 2 n tdmtu{m)
TOT

'sea',

38,

39

gen. tdmtim,
III, 1.

XIV,

2.
3.

#fo*M 'turn, return',

34;

ulir,

XV,

*pn tikkdti 'ropes', XIV, 5. bsn tuhultu, constr. tuklat 'trust, bn tilu 'hill, mound', XV, 3. Dbn taldmu 'give, present', 38.
S]n

confidence',

XIV,

9.

tappu 'companion', 34; tapputu 'companionship', 37. This is probably from Sumerian tab 'two' and is consequently
non-Semitic.

CORRIGENDA TO THE LESSONS

Page
Page
33.

In Lesson X, line

2,

the RA-sign should have an extra

perpendicular wedge.
35.
45.

Vocabulary, line 10, for "good," read "god."

Page Page

In Lesson XIII, line 13, the sign

BIR

should be num-

bered 100 and not 102.

48.

Vocabulary, line 13, read unr for

Vocabulary, line
3,

*]DD.
iriK.

Page 49.

read *nn for

CORRIGENDA AND ADDENDA TO THE GLOSSARY,

In the Glossary,
all roots

pp.

51-58

referred from the Vocabulary of Lesson

XIII, lines 2-13, inch, should have the reference XIII, instead of XII.

mN

Add arhu month/ XIII, 11 urruhis Szjk 3 Add eklltu darkness/ X, 4. mx2 Add erit bronze/ X, 6. S4 3 Add Mltitu dominion/ XV, 7. ^D Add participle muballil 'fusing/ X, 6.
' ; '
l

<

quickly/

XV,

2.

HDD Read XIII, 6

XIV,

6.

WD
K3
1

Read

19,

44
'

XIV,

9, 12.

Add

labbis

like a lion/ XIII, 6.

Dsb For XVI, 12, read XIV, 12.

D^D

Add melammu

'

splendor/ XIV, 9.
'

hzhn Addfmulmullu javelin/ XIV,

7.

npD
-H3
"ino

Add imqut, XV, Add annadirma

For XIII,
5,
'

4.

raged/ IV, 1

XIII,

6.

read XIII, 15.

like a corpse/ XIII, 15.

IAD

Omit pagris
For XIV,

na* For XIII,

11, read

XIII, 14.

Sv

12, read

XIV,

13.
;

pv Add pret. askun, XIV, 1, 8 Ifteal astakan, they sent me/ n=3ty Add Ifteal istapparilnimma Sdh Add takiltu oracle/ XIII, 7.
< '

41.

XIII,

7.

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