1.

2311 40CrMnMo7

Technical Data

1.2311 is a pre hardened high tensile tool steel which offers ready machineability in the hardened and tempered condition, therefore does not always require further heat treatment . This eliminates the risks, cost, and waiting time of heat treatment and avoids the associated possibility of distortion or even cracking. Subsequent 1.2311 component modification can easily be carried out. Typical Analysis - 1.2311 Tool Steel C. Si. Mn. 0.40% 0.40% 1.00%

Cr. 1.20%

Mo. 0.35%

Forging: Heat slowly and uniformly to 1050C. Do not forge below 930C. After forging cool slowly. Annealing: 1.2311 should always be annealed after forging and before rehardening. Heat uniformly to 770/790C. Soak well and cool slowly in the furnace. Hardening: Heat uniformly to 840/870C until heated through. Quench in oil. Tempering: Heat uniformly the 1.2311 tool thoroughly at the selected tempering temperatures and hold at heat for one hour per 25 millimetre of total thickness. Tempering C HRc N/mm 100 51 1730 200 50 1670 300 48 1570 400 46 1480 500 42 1330 600 36 1140 700 28 920

Nitriding: Moulds machined from pre hardened 1.2311 may be nitrided to give a hard surface which is very resistant to wear and erosion. A nitrided surface also increases the corrosion resistance. The surface hardness after nitriding at a temperature of 525C in ammonia gas will be approximately 650HV. Temperature 525C 525C 525C Time 20 hours 30 hours 60 hours Approximate Depth of Case 0.30mm 0.35mm 0.50mm

Tufftriding: Tufftriding at 570C will give a surface hardness of approximately 700HV. After 2 hours treatment the hard layer will be approximately 0.01mm Flame & Induction Hardening: 1.2311 may be flame or induction hardened to a hardenss of 50 to 55 HRc. Cooling in air is a preferable option. Smaller pieces may however require forced cooling. Hardening should be immediately followed by tempering. Hard Chromium Plating: After hard chromium plating the steel should be tempered for approximately 4 hours at 180C, in order to avoid hydrogen embrittlement. Case Hardening: In order to maintain maximum surface hardness 1.2311 may be case hardened. Before case hardening is carried out the steel should be annealed. To carburise, pack with carburising powder into a cast iron or heat resisting steel box and see that the articles are separated from

the sides by at least two inches of carburising powder. Lute the lid with fireclay. Heat to the carburising temperature of 880C and soak for sufficient time to give the required depth of case. Cool to 800/820C and quench in oil. Tempering will then be necessary. Reheat to 200/300C and allow to cool in the air to give a final surface hardness of Rockwell C55/59 Welding: Firstly heat to approximately 400 to 500C. Weld .12311 at approximately 400 to 500C and stress relieve. Use Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum alloyed basic electrodes for welding of structural steels. Welding may also be carried out using an austenitic stainless steel electrode. In this case the stipulated increased working temperature may be modified, but the weld metal has a lower strength than the parent material. Physical Properties: 1.2311 Temperature: 20C 7800 29.0 460 20 900 205 000

Density (Kg/m) Coefficient of thermal expansion (per C from 0C) Thermal conductivity (J/m.s C) Specific heat (J/kg C) Modulus of elasticity: Kp/mm N/mm

200C 7750 12.7 x 10-6 29.5 20 400 200 000

400C 7700 13.6 x 10-6 31.0 18 900 185 000

achining: Turning Carbide Tools Depth of cut (t) mm Feed (s) mm ISO Machining Group Cutting Speed

Rough Turning min. 10 mm 1.0 P30-P40 40-60

Medium Turning 2-10 0.3-1.0 P20-P30 60-100

Finish Turning max. 2 max. 0.3 P10 90-160

Milling: Carbide Tools & High Speed Steel Tools Depth of cut (t) Feed (s) mm/tooth ISO Machining Group Cutting Speed (v) m/min. Cutting Speed (v) m/min.

Rough Milling min. 2 min. 0.2 P30-P40 Carbide Tools: 55-85 High Speed Steel Tools: 10-20

Finish Milling max.2 max. 0.2 P10-P20 75-95 15-30

Mechanical Properties (at room temperature) 1.2311 Tensile Strength 1000-1068 N/mm Yield Stress 861-930 N/mm Reduction of Area 45-50% Elongation 14-17%