Chapter 6 Network service

CCNA Discovery 4.0

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Objectives

What are the roles of a client and server and how do thay interact over the network What are some common network services available that operate in a client/server relationship? How do TCP and UDP transport protocols compare? What is the function of a port? What are well-known port number and the protocols/applications that use them? Domain Name System (DNS) Internet applications: e-mail, World Wide Web,, FTP(File Transfer Protocol), IM(Instant Messeagine) Open System Interconnect (OSI)
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Client/Server and Their Interaction

Client Server Relationship

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

Client Server Relationship

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

Client Server Relationship

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

Client Server Relationship

The key characteristic of client/server systems is that the client sends a request to a server, and the server responds by carrying out a function, such as sending information back to the client. The combination of a web browser and a web server is perhaps the most commonly used instance of a client/server system.

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

Role of Protocols in Client Server Communication

Application Protocol
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) governs the way that a web server and a web client interact. HTTP defines the format of the requests and responses exchanged between the client and server.

Transport Protocol
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the transport protocol that manages the individual conversations between web servers and web clients. TCP formats the HTTP messages into segments to be sent to the destination host. It also provides flow control and acknowledgement of packets exchanged between hosts.

Internetwork Protocol
The most common internetwork protocol is Internet Protocol (IP). IP is responsible for taking the formatted segments from TCP, assigning the logical addressing, and encapsulating them into packets for routing to the destination host.

Network Access Protocols

Ethernet method, Data link management protocols, representation of bits, travelling signal over the media

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

TCP and UDP Transport protocols

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

TCP and UDP Transport protocols
Differentiate between acknowledged versus unacknowledged protocols.

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

TCP and UDP Transport protocols
UDP is a 'best effort' delivery system that does not require acknowledgment of receipt.

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

TCP/IP Port Numbers

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

Domain Name Service (DNS)

The Domain Name System (DNS) provides a way for hosts to use this name to request the IP address of a specific server

DNS names are registered and organized on the Internet within specific high level groups, or domains. Some of the most common high level domains on the Internet are .com, .edu, and .net

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

Web Clients and Servers

When a web client receives the IP address of a web server, the client browser uses that IP address and port 80 to request web services. This request is sent to the server using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). When the server receives a port 80 request, the server responds to the client request and sends the web page to the client. The information content of a web page is encoded using specialized 'mark-up' languages:
HTML, XML, XHTML.

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

FTP Clients and Servers

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides an easy method to transfer files from one computer to another Requests to begin an FTP session are sent to the server using destination port 21. Once the session is opened, the server will change to port 20 to transfer the data files.

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

Email Clients and Servers

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

Email Clients and Servers

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

IM Clients and Servers

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Client/Server and Their Interaction

Voice Clients and Servers

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Application Protocols and Services

Port Numbers Well-known ports 1 to 1023 Registered ports 1024 to 49151 Private ports 49152 to 65535

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Layered Model and Protocols

Protocol Interaction Describe how different protocols interact on a host.

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Layered Model and Protocols

Protocol Operation of Sending and Receiving a Message

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Layered Model and Protocols

To address the problem of network incompatibility, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) researched networking models like Digital Equipment Corporation net (DECnet), Systems Network Architecture (SNA), and TCP/IP in order to find a generally applicable set of rules for all networks. Using this research, the ISO created a network model that helps vendors create networks that are compatible with other networks. The Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model released in 1984 was the descriptive network model that the ISO created. It provided vendors with a set of standards that ensured greater compatibility and interoperability among various network technologies produced by companies around the world.
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Layered Model and Protocols

Initially the OSI model was designed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to provide a framework on which to build a suite of open systems protocols.

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Layered Model and Protocols

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Summary

Clients and servers use protocols and standards for exchanging information. Client-server services are identified through the use of port numbers. A protocol stack organizes the protocols in a layers, with each layer providing and receiving services from the layers below and above it. When sending messages, protocols interact from the top layer to the bottom of the stack. When receiving messages, protocols interact from the bottom layer to the top of the stack.

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