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co om)2011
AL CHE EMISTRY EXAM N Y NOTES(IN NORGANIC CHEM MISTRY) SECTION N7Periodic cityPropert tiesoftheE Elements >>P PETERSAns sweringSkil lls<<
[AL2 2010 PII 1(b)] ] Sketc the variation of the first io ch n onisation entha alpy of the elem ments in Period 3 of the Perio Table and account for th variation. d odic d he
Why yI.E.increa aseacrosst theperiod? Gen neralSteps 1. Statethedifference 2. Whatchanges? 3. Reason 4. Therefore 5. Result/Fact t
Why yIEofAl<IE EofMg
Moving across the perio od atomic nu umber increase and electron are added to the same es ns t principal quantum shell q l. The screen ning effect of the added ele f ectrons cannot offset the eff t fect of increase in nuclear ch charge. Outermost shell electro will experi ons ience a larger effective nucl lear charge
1. Statethedifference
1. Statethedifference
PeterChung(pe13hk@gmail.com)2011
Account for each of the following: 1. The electron affinity of chlorine is more negative than that of fluorine.
F atom is much smaller than Cl atom. When an electron is added to a F atom, less energy is liberated as energy is needed to compensate the repulsion between the extra electron and the electrons in the outermost shell of the F atom.
E.A. of chlorine is more negative than that of fluorine.
1. Statethedifference
The electronegativity of P is very close to that of H. PH3 has a very small dipole moment. 2. Reason =intermolecularforce Its interaction with water is much weaker than the H-bond between water molecules. =v.d.wVSHbond
3. Result/Fact
3.
NaCl(s) is predominately ionic. AlCl3(s) is a covalent compound with ionic character. The attraction between the Na+ and Cl- ions in NaCl(s) is strong. The van der Waals forces between AlCl3 molecules in AlCl3(s) is relatively weak.