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Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS
About the Document

Version
V1.00
Date
2006-04-27 2006-04-28
Author
Zhu Yingxin Zhu Yingxin
Approved by
Du Jiang, Tang Xiong, Wang Yiwen
Remarks
Not open to the Third Party Update the description of capacity indices
Copyright 2006 ZTE Corporation Shenzhen P. R. China
ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation

and is not to be disclosed or used except in accordance with applicable agreements. Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information of the document is subjected to change without notice.
ZTE Confidential Proprietary
Table of Contents
1 Overview.................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 3G System Overview ........................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Overview of the CDMA2000 All-IP Network..................................................... 1 1.1.3 Introduction to the ZXC10-BSSB........................................................................ 2 1.2 Position of ZXC10-CBTS in a Network ........................................................................ 2 1.2.1 CDMA2000 1X Network Architecture................................................................ 2 1.2.2 Interfaces of ZXC10-CBTS in the CDMA2000 1X Network ............................. 3 1.2.3 Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A RAN.................................................... 3 1.2.4 Interfaces of the ZXC10-CBTS in the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A Network. 4 1.3 Standard Complied......................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Primary Standards................................................................................................ 4 1.3.2 Lightning Protection ............................................................................................ 7 1.3.3 Safety ................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.4 EMC..................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.5 Environment......................................................................................................... 9 Product Features .................................................................................................................. 11 2.1 Multiple Frequency Bands Supported.......................................................................... 11 2.2 Installation Against the Wall........................................................................................ 11 2.3 Small Size..................................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Large Capacity ............................................................................................................. 11 2.5 Technical Features........................................................................................................ 12 2.6 High Reliability ............................................................................................................ 12 2.7 Smooth Capacity Expansion and Update ..................................................................... 12 2.8 Flexible Networking Modes......................................................................................... 13 2.9 Internationalization....................................................................................................... 13 2.10 Convenient Operation and Maintenance ...................................................................... 13 Main Functions ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Radio Resource Assignment ........................................................................................ 15 3.2 Radio Resource Control ............................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Power Control for CDMA2000 1X.................................................................... 15 3.2.2 Backward Open-Loop Power Control................................................................ 16 3.2.3 Backward Closed-Loop Power Control ............................................................. 16 3.2.4 Backward Outer-Loop Power Control ............................................................... 17 3.2.5 Forward Power Control...................................................................................... 17 3.3 Power Control for 1xEV-DO ....................................................................................... 17 3.4 Handoff Control for CDMA2000 1X........................................................................... 18 3.4.1 Hard Handoff ..................................................................................................... 19 3.5 Soft Handoff................................................................................................................. 19 3.6 Handoff Control for 1xEV-DO .................................................................................... 19 3.7 Support of Various Types of Channels ........................................................................ 20 3.7.1 1X Channel ........................................................................................................ 20
ZTE Confidential Proprietary II
3.7.2 EVDO Channel .................................................................................................. 20 4 System Structure .................................................................................................................. 21 4.1 General Description of CBTS ...................................................................................... 21 4.2 BDS (Baseband Digital Subsystem) ............................................................................ 23 4.2.1 Overview............................................................................................................ 23 4.2.2 CCM (Communication Control Module)........................................................... 23 4.2.3 CHM (Channel Processing Module).................................................................. 24 4.2.4 GCM (GPS Control Module)............................................................................. 24 4.2.5 SAM (Site Alarm Module) ................................................................................ 25 4.2.6 DSM (Data Service Module) ............................................................................. 25 4.2.7 SNM (SDH Interface Module)........................................................................... 25 4.2.8 RIM (Radio Frequency Interface Module) ........................................................ 25 4.2.9 BIM (BDS Interface Module) ............................................................................ 26 4.3 RFS (Radio Frequency Subsystem) ............................................................................. 26 4.3.1 Overview............................................................................................................ 26 4.3.2 RMM (RF Management Module) ...................................................................... 26 4.3.3 TRX (Transceiver Module)................................................................................ 27 4.3.4 DPA (Digital Predistortion Amplifier) .............................................................. 27 4.3.5 RFE (RF Front End)........................................................................................... 27 4.3.6 PIM (Power Amplifier Interface Module) ......................................................... 28 4.3.7 RPD (CBTS Power Distribute module) ............................................................. 28 4.4 PWSB........................................................................................................................... 28 4.4.1 Overview............................................................................................................ 28 4.4.2 PPD (PWSB Power Distribution) ...................................................................... 28 4.4.3 PRM (Power Rectifier Module)......................................................................... 29 4.4.4 PMM (Power Monitoring Module).................................................................... 29 Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................................ 31 5.1 Functions of the O&M ................................................................................................. 31 5.1.1 Performance Management ................................................................................. 31 5.1.2 Fault Management ............................................................................................. 31 5.1.3 System Tool ....................................................................................................... 31 5.1.4 Version Management ......................................................................................... 31 5.1.5 State Control ...................................................................................................... 32 5.1.6 Real-Time Monitoring ....................................................................................... 32 Networking and Configuration ........................................................................................... 33 6.1 Structure and Outer View............................................................................................. 33 6.2 Networking Modes of CBTS........................................................................................ 33 6.2.1 Abis Interface Networking................................................................................. 33 6.2.2 Connection via Ethernet at the Abis Interface ................................................... 34 6.2.3 BDS-RFS Networking Modes ........................................................................... 35 6.3 System Application ...................................................................................................... 36 6.3.1 LS Mode............................................................................................................. 37 6.3.2 RS Mode ............................................................................................................ 37 6.3.3 LEA Mode ......................................................................................................... 37 6.3.4 LEB Mode.......................................................................................................... 38 6.3.5 RE Mode ............................................................................................................ 39
III
6.3.6 ME Mode ........................................................................................................... 39 7 Technical Indices .................................................................................................................. 40 7.1 Running Environment Indices...................................................................................... 40 7.1.1 Dimensions ........................................................................................................ 40 7.1.2 Gross Equipment Weight and Ground Bearing Capacity of the Equipment Room.................................................................................................................. 40 7.1.3 Power Supply Requirments................................................................................ 40 7.1.4 Power Consumption........................................................................................... 40 7.1.5 Grounding Requirements ................................................................................... 41 7.1.6 Temperature and Humidity Requirements ......................................................... 41 7.1.7 Noise Requirments............................................................................................. 41 7.2 Performance Indices..................................................................................................... 41 7.2.1 Interface Indices................................................................................................. 41 7.2.2 Capacity Indices................................................................................................. 41 7.2.3 Reliability Indices .............................................................................................. 42 7.2.4 RF Indices .......................................................................................................... 42 7.2.5 BTS Clock Technical Indices ............................................................................ 45 Appendix A: Abbreviations ................................................................................................. 46
IV
Figures and Tables

Figures
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Typical Network Structure of the 3GPP2 All-IP Network in LMSD Step-2 ............................................................................ 2 Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO RevA RAN.......................... 3 Illustration of Power Control Process ..................................... 15 Schematic diagram of EV-DO virtual soft handoff ................ 20 Structure of the CBTS Rack ................................................... 21 Structure of PWSB Rack ........................................................ 21 Block Diagram of the ZXC10-CBTS...................................... 22 Outer View of CBTS .............................................................. 33 CDMA2000 BSS Networking ................................................ 34 Ethernet Connection Between the BTS and the BSC ............. 34 BDS-RFS Networking Modes ................................................ 35 Reliability Comparison between a Chain Network and a Ring Network (with link failure) ..................................................... 36 Configuration of CBTS in LS Mode....................................... 37 Configuration of CBTS in RS Mode....................................... 37 Configuration of CBTS in LEA Mode.................................... 38 Configuration of CBTS in LEB Mode.................................... 38 Configuration of CBTS in RE Mode ...................................... 39 Configuration of CBTS in ME Mode ..................................... 39
Tables
Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Frequency Bands Supported ................................................... 11 Working Modes of CBTS ....................................................... 36 Gross Equipment Weight and Ground Bearing Capacity of the Equipment Room .................................................................... 40 Working Voltage Range of power supply............................... 40 BTS Power Consumption during Normal Working (with DPA) 40 BTS Power Consumption during Normal Working (with LPA) 41 Normal Working Environment Requirements for BTS .......... 41 Receiver Indices (Low Noise Amplification) ......................... 42 Transmitter Indices ................................................................. 43 Receiver Indices...................................................................... 44 Transmitter Indices ................................................................. 44 Abbreviations.......................................................................... 46
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1.1
1.1.1
5
OVERVIEW
Background
3G System Overview
With the fast growth of wireless services and the rapid expansion of Internet services, the wireless communication system has to meet increasing demands for system capacity, data transmission rate and strong support for diverse services. The 3G mobile communication system (IMT2000) draws the attention of the whole industry. The major feature of 3G mobile communication system is the support of broadband service, especially the multimedia data service efficiently using frequency spectrum. The 3G system is designed to provide a larger system capacity and better communication quality than 2G systems, implement seamless roaming around the world, and provide subscribers with multiple services. Mainstream technical standards for the 3G are CDMA2000, WCDMA, and TDSCDMA.
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The CDMA2000 standards are usually implemented technically in two phases. In the first phase, the CDMA2000 still adopts the spread spectrum rate of CDMA ONE, i.e., 1 1.2288Mbps. A single carrier occupies 1.25 MHz bandwidth. It adopts DS spread spectrum technology. The CDMA2000 system in the first phase is also called CDMA2000 1X. In the second phase, the spread spectrum rate is 3 /6 /9 /12 /15 1.2288Mbps, respectively occupies 5/10/12/15/20MHz bandwidth. It adopts multi-carrier modulation technology. The CDMA2000 system in the second phase is also called CDMA2000 3X. In addition, the 1xEV-DO Rev.A, which serves as an enhanced standard supplemental to IS2000, supports data transmission up to 3.1Mbps in a bandwidth of 1.25 MHz.
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1.1.2
Overview of the CDMA2000 All-IP Network

The evolution from traditional networks to All-IP networks helps network builders and operators offer more flexible service platform functions at lower costs. All-IP networks, when integrated with 3G wireless access technologies, enable provisioning of multimedia services over IP (including VoIP), giving network builders and operators competitive edge. The overall structure of the CDMA2000 All-IP network consists of the radio access network and the core network. The evolution of the core network is independent from that of the radio access network.
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The CDMA2000 network evolves to All-IP network in several phases: Phase-0, Phase-1, Phase-2 and Phase-3. 1. Phase-0 is a traditional network based on circuit switching. The access network is based on IOS 4.x, the air interface is based on CDMA2000 and the core network is based on TIA/EIA-41. Since Phase-1, the core network separates from the access network, forming independent signaling layer and bearer layer. The access network signaling is transmitted over IP. Phase-2 corresponds to the LMSD (Legacy MS Domain) phase, which requires the IP network to support traditional terminal services and provide new service functions (such as TrFO/RTO) for users using new terminals.
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3.
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4.
Phase-3 corresponds to the MMD phase, and is the end point of the evolution to All-IP. In this phase, the air interface based on IP is implemented and finally IP-based transmission is realized throughout the network.
Such a way of phased and independent evolution offers flexibility to operators, and better supports the network transition policy of the traditional telecom operators.
1.1.3
Introduction to the ZXC10-BSSB

It is foreseeable that the multimedia information such as voice, data and video will be integrated into the IP network architecture, as are a consensus of the industry and a mega-trend of the telecommunication network. In response to the technical development trend, the ZXC10-BSSB has been developed on the basis of the IP platform. The ZXC10-BSSB consists of the ZXC10-BSCB and a variety of BTSs. The ZXC10-BSSB features advanced and future-proof technology, high integration, large capacity and full ranges of product series. The ZXC10-BSSB can support all existing standards for the CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO family, and it has supported the function of the CDMA2000 All-IP network in the LMSD phase, and supports the smooth evolution to the next generation All-IP network.
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1.2
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Position of ZXC10-CBTS in a Network

The full name of CBTS is Compact Base Transceiver Station. As the newgeneration CDMA compact macro-BTS rolled out by ZTE, ZXC10-CBTS has such advantages as a small size, a large capacity, a small weight, and a small footprint. In addition, ZXC10-CBTS can be installed against the wall. The CBTS and BTS mentioned in this document refer to ZXC10-CBTS.
1.2.1
CDMA2000 1X Network Architecture

Figure 1 shows a typical CDMA20001X All-IP network in the LMSD phase.
25 Figure 1 Typical Network Structure of the 3GPP2 All-IP Network in LMSD Step-2
The overall network architecture of the All-IP network in the LMSD phase consists of the radio access network and the core network, which are independent of each other.
i n te r n et
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Radio Access Network (RAN) Located between the MS (Mobile Station) and the CN (Core Network), the RAN is responsible for processing radio signals, terminating radio protocols, and connecting the MS with the core network. It consists of two parts, BSC/PCF (generally referred to as BSC) and BTS. The BTS is located between the BSC and the MS in the CDMA2000 1X system. Under the control of the BSC, the BTS is the radio transceiver equipment serving one cell or multiple logical sectors.
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Connecting with the BSC through the Abis interface, the BTS helps the BSC manage radio resources, radio parameters and interfaces. Over the Um interface, it also transmits and receives radio signals to enable the communication between the radio network system and the Mobile Station/Access Terminal (MS/AT), as well as implements related control functions. Core Network The core network performs the mobility management, network-side authentication and interface of public networks. The core network consists of the CS (Circuit Switching) domain and the PS (Packet Switching) domain: The CS network consists of NE such as MSCe, MGW, MRFP, SGW, SCPe and HLRe; the PS core network consists of PDSN (Packet Data Service Node) and AAA. The CS supports two transmission technologies, IP and TDM, to implement the access of the BSS. The CS core network can interwork with the TIA/EIA/IS-41 and GSM MAP networks, as well as the fixed PSTN.
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1.2.2
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Interfaces of ZXC10-CBTS in the CDMA2000 1X Network

In CDMA2000 1X network, the BTS is connected to the BSC via the Abis interface, to the MS via the Um interface. 1. Abis Interface: The Abis protocol is an interface protocol between the BSC and BTS. It contains two parts in the application layer: control part (Abisc) and service part (Abist). The control part converts the Um interface control channel signaling, and the service part controls the traffic channel. Um Interface: The Um Interface is an interface between the BTS and MS. It complies with the standard of IS-2000 Release A.
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2.
1.2.3
Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A RAN

Figure 2 shows the reference model for the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A RAN.
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Figure 2 Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO RevA RAN
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The CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A system consists of Access Terminal (AT), RAN, and core network. RAN
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The RAN provides the radio bearer between the core network and AT, responsible for establishing, maintaining and releasing radio channels, to manage the radio resources and mobility. RAN consists of such functional entities as Access Network, Packet Control Function (PCF) and Access Network AAA (hereafter referred to as AN-AAA). The AN consists of BSC and BTS. It is a kind of network equipment that provides data connections between the packet network and the access terminal, to implement the BTS transmitting/receiving, call control and mobility management. The AN-AAA is a logical entity for the access network to implement access authentication and user authentication. It exchanges the parameters and results for access authentication with AN through the A12 interface.
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PCF and AN jointly implement the radio channel control function related to the packet data service. In the specific implementation of ZXC10-BSCB, PCF is configured together with BSC, and the A8/A9 interface is the internal interface for AN/PCF. PCF communicates with PDSN through the A10/A11 interface. Core Network The core network consists of the packet core network and the switching core network. The PS core network includes such functional entities as PDSN and AAA; the switching core network includes MSCe. AT The AT is a device providing data connections for users. It can be connected to a computing device (such as a PC), or serve as an independent data device (such as mobile phone).
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1.2.4
Interfaces of the ZXC10-CBTS in the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A Network

In CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A network, the BTS is connected to the BSC via the Abis interface, to the AT via the Air interface or Um interface. Abis Interface The Abis protocol is an interface protocol between the BSC and BTS. It contains two parts in the application layer: control part (Abisc) and service part (Abist). The control part converts the Um interface control channel signaling, and the service part controls the traffic channel. Um Interface The Um Interface is an interface between the BTS and the AT. It complies with the IS-856-A standard.
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1.3
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Standard Complied
Primary Standards
3GPP2 A.S0011-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 1 Overview. 3GPP2 A.S0012-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 2 Transport.
1.3.1
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3GPP2 A.S0013-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 3 Features. 3GPP2 A.S0014-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 4 (A1, A1p, A2, and A5 Interfaces). 3GPP2 A.S0015-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 5 (A3 and A7 Interfaces)
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3GPP2 A.S0016-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 6 (A8 and A9 Interfaces). 3GPP2 A.S0017-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 7 (A10 and A11 Interfaces).
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3GPP2 A.S0001-A version 2.0 (3G-IOS v4.1): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces. 3G-IOS v4.3: Interoperability Specification (IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces.
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3GPP2 C.S0001-A version 5.0: Introduction to CDMA2000 Standards for Spread Spectrum Systems - Release A. 3GPP2 C.S0002-A version 6.0 (TIA/EIA IS-2000.2-A-2): Physical Layer Standard for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum Systems - Release A.
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3GPP2 C.S0003-A version 6.0 (TIA/EIA IS-2000.3-A-2): Medium Access Control (MAC) Standard for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum Systems - Release A, Addendum 2. 3GPP2 C.S0004-A version 6.0 (TIA/EIA IS-2000.4-A-2): Signaling Link Access Control (LAC) Specification for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum Systems - Release A.
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3GPP2 C.S0005-A version 6.0 (TIA/EIA IS-2000.5-A-2): Upper Layer (Layer 3) Signaling Standard for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum Systems - Release A, Addendum 2. ANSI J-STD-008, Personal Station-Base Station Compatibility Requirement for 1.8 to 2.0 GHz Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Personal Communications Systems, 1996. TIA/EIA/TSB-58, Administration Parameter Value Assignments for TIA/EIA Wideband Spread Spectrum Standards, 1995. TIA/EIA/TSB-74, Support for 14.4 Kbps Data Rate and PCS Interaction for Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System, 1995.
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TIA/EIA/IS-95-A, Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems.
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TIA/EIA/IS-95, Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems. TIA/EIA/IS-637, Short Message Services for Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems, 1997.
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TIA/EIA/IS-127, Enhanced Variable Rate Codec Speech Service Option 3 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems, 1996. TIA/EIA/IS-634A, MSC-BS Interface for Public Communications Networks, 1998.
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TIA/EIA/IS-658, Data Service Interworking Function Interface for Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems. CDG RF36, Markov Service Option for Wideband Spread Spectrum Communications Systems. TIA/EIA/IS-725, Over-the-Air Service Provisioning of Mobile Stations in Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems, 1997.
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TIA/EIA/IS-728, Inter-System Link Protocol. TIA/EIA/IS-733, High Rate Speech Service Option 17 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Communication Systems. TIA/EIA/IS-707, Data Service Options for Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems, 1998.
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TIA/EIA/IS-707-A-2 Data Service Options for Spread Spectrum Systems Addendum 2, 2000. ITU-T Q.714 Signaling connection control part (SCCP). ITU-T Q.704 Signal link (MTP3). ITU-T Q.703 Signal link (MTP2).
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3GPP2 C.S0024-A (TIA/EIA IS-856-A): CDMA2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification, August 2005. 3GPP2 C.S0024 (TIA/EIA IS-856): CDMA2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification, October 2002.
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3GPP2 A.S0008 (TIA/EIA IS-878), IOS Specification for High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) Radio Access Network Interfaces. 3GPP2 A.S0008-A. 3GPP2 A.S0007, Inter-Operability Specification (IOS) for High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) Access Network Interfaces, November 2001.
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3GPP2 C.S0029: Test Application Specification (TAS) for High Rate Packet Data Air Interface. 3GPP2 C.S0032-A, Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for CDMA2000 High Rate Packet Data Access Network, December 2005.
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3GPP2 C.S0032, Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for CDMA2000 High Rate Packet Data Access Network, January 2004.
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3GPP2 C.S0010-A (TIA-97-D), Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Base Stations, March 2001. C00-20050718-129__C.S0054_v2.0V-VResolutionText
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XP0011-3-Nov2004-v05-R&Fresolved XP0011-4-Nov2004-v05-R&Fresolved
1.3.2
Lightning Protection
IEC 61312-1 (1995) Protection against Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse Part I: General Principles.
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IEC 61643-1 (1998) Surge Protective devices connected to lowvoltage power distribution systems. ITU-T K.11 (1993) Principles of Protection against Overvoltage and Overcurrent.
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ITU-T K.27 (1996) Bonding Configurations and Earthing Inside a Telecommunication Building. ETS 300 253 (2004) Equipment Engineering; Earthing and bonding of telecommunication equipment in telecommunication centres.
1.3.3
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Safety
GB 4943-2000: Safety of information technology equipment. IEC 60950 Safety of information technology equipment including Electrical Business Equipment. IEC 60215 Safety requirement for radio transmitting equipment. CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1-M94 Audio, Video and Similar Electronic Equipment.
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CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 950-95 Safety of Information Technology Equipment Including Electrical Business Equipment. UL 1419 Standard for Professional Video and Audio Equipment 73/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive. UL 1950 Safety of information technology equipment Including Electrical Business Equipment. IEC60529 Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP Code). GOST 30631-99. General Requirements to machines, instruments and other industrial articles on stability to external mechanical impacts while operating. GOST R 50829-95. Safety of radio stations, radio electronic equipment using transceivers and their components. The general requirements and test methods.
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GOST 12.2.007.0-75. Electrotechnical devices. The general safety requirements.

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1.3.4
EMC
TS 25.105; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; TSG RAN WG4; UTRA (BS) TDD: Radio transmission and reception89/336/EEC EMC directive Council directive of 3 May 1989 on approximation of laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility. CISPR 22 (1997): Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment. EN 301 489-1 Part 1: Common technical requirements. EN 301 489-26 Part 26: Specific conditions for CDMA 1x spread spectrum Base Stations, repeaters and ancillary equipment. IEC 61000-6-1: 1997: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6: Generic standards - Section 1: Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments.
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IEC 61000-6-3: 1996: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6: Generic standards - Section 3: mission standard for residential, commercial and light industrial environments. IEC 61000-3-2 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3: Limits - Section 2: Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current = 16 A).
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IEC 61000-3-3 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3: Limits - Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current = 16 A. IEC 61000-4-2 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test. IEC 61000-4-3 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 3: Radiated, radiofrequency electromagnetic field immunity test.
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IEC 61000-4-4 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test. IEC 61000-4-5 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 5: Surge immunity test.
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IEC 61000-4-6 (1996): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 6: Immunity to contacted disturbances, induced by radio frequency fields. IEC 61000-4-11 (1994): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations. Immunity tests. ITU-T Recommendation K.20: Resistibility of Telecommunication Switching Equipment to Overvoltages and Overcurrents.
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CFR 47, FCC Part 15: Radio Frequency Device. TS 25.113v3.1.0: 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Networks; Base station EMC. ITU-R Rec. SM.329-7: Spurious emissions.
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GOST R 51318.22-99: Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Man-made noise from informational equipment. Limits and test methods. GOST 30429-96: Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Man-made noise from equipment and apparatus used together with service receiver systems of civil application. Limits and test methods.
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1.3.5
Environment
GB 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code). GB 4798 Environmental conditions for electrician and electronic products application. IEC 60529 "Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)" IEC 60721-3-1: Classification of environmental conditions- Part3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities-Section 1: Storage.
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IEC 60721-3-2: Classification of environmental conditions- Part3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities-Section 2: Transportation. IEC 60721-3-3 (1994): Classification of environmental conditions Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 3: Stationary use at weather protected locations. IEC 60721-3-4 (1995): Classification of environmental conditions Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 4: Stationary use at non-weather protected locations.
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ETS 300 019-2-1: Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 2-1, Specification of environmental tests Storage. ETS 300 019-2-2: Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 2-2, Specification of environmental tests Transportation. ETS 300 019-2-3: Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 2-3, Specification of environmental tests Transportation Stationary use at weather-protected locations.
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ETS 300 019-2-4: Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 2-4, Specification of environmental tests Transportation Stationary use at non-weather-protected locations.
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IEC 60068-2-1 (1990): Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Tests A: Cold. IEC 60068-2-2 (1974): Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Tests B: Dry heat.
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IEC 60068-2-6 (1995): Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal). GOST 15150-69: Machines, instruments and other industrial articles. Applications for different climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions in compliance with the environmental factors.
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GOST 23088-80: Electronic equipment. Requirements to packing and transportation and test methods.
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PRODUCT FEATURES
Using an All-IP structure, ZTEs new-generation CBTS can fully satisfy user demands for multiple services. The CBTS system features a small size, a large capacity, a small weight, high power, multiple services, various ways of transmission, and a variety of power supply systems. It can be installed against the wall. The industry-leading ZXC10-CBTS has the following advantages.
2.1
Multiple Frequency Bands Supported

ZXC10-CBTS supports multiple bands such as 800M, 450M, 1900M and 2100M, as listed in the following table.
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Table 1 SN
1 2 3 4 5
Frequency Bands Supported Uplink Frequency Frequency Band (MHz)

800M (Band Class 0) 1900M (Band Class 1) 450M (Band Class 5) 2100M (Band Class 6) 850M (Band Class 10) 824849 18501910 450457.5 19201980 806821
Downlink Frequency (MHz)

869894 19301990 460467.5 21102170 851866
2.2
Installation Against the Wall

The ZXC10-CBTS can be installed against the wall. All operations and maintenance activities for the ZXC10-CBTS can be conducted at the front door, helping installation and maintenance.
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2.3
Small Size
The ZXC10-CBTS uses a compact structure. The ZXC10-CBTS consists of the CBTS cabinet and the PWSB cabinet. The CBTS cabinet is a standard 19 one and the PWSB cabinet is an optional one. Dimensions of the CBTS cabinet: 850 mm (H) x 600 mm (D) x 600 mm (W)
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Dimensions of the PWSB: 850 mm (H) x 600 mm (D) x 100 mm (W) The ZXC10-CBTS only needs a small space, thus greatly saving the equipment room space.
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25
Large Capacity
1. 2. 3. A single rack (single local RF system) supports up to 12 carrier-sectors. And it supports 24 carrier-sectors upon rack combination. With a single digital baseband shelf, it supports 12 carrier-sectors. In a CDMA2000 1X system, it supports 24 carrier-sectors. In a DO network, a single BTS supports up to 24 carrier-sectors; in a 1X network, a single BTS supports 48 carrier-sectors, which is the largest traffic capacity in the CDMA industry.
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With a large capacity, the ZXC10-CBTS not only reduces the number of BTSs used in areas with heavy traffic, but also saves the construction cost in auxiliary facilities such as transmission, equipment room, power supply, and tower.
2.5
5
Technical Features
1. 2. 3. The ZXC10-CBTS supports smooth update to next 3G technology such as 1xEV-DO Rev.B, and smooth evolution to the All-IP network; With an internal All-IP architecture and network fabric of high throughput, the ZXC10-CBTS is able to guarantee the complete QoS and high reliability. With the IP-based CUDP/PPPMux/MultilinkPPP protocol at the Abis interface, the ZXC10-CBTS can improve the transmission efficiency and reduce transmission cost. The ZXC10-CBTS adopts the multi-frequencies digital intermediate frequency (IF) technology to greatly reduce RF modules. The extended support can be provided for the transmit diversity, intelligent antenna and linear pre-distortion power amplifier. With a small size and light weight, the ZXC10-CBTS saves the floor space and easies transportation and installation. The ZXC10-CBTS supports the channel sharing of all carrier-sectors with the CSM being the resolution. It is possible to configure different types of BTSs through specific software configuration, for example, 4F3S, 2F6S, and 1F12S. With the transmission system of a high multiplexing ratio at the base band RF interface, the ZXC10-CBTS supports the data transmission of 24 carrier-sectors through a pair of fibers, and the ring networking and link backup changeover with high reliability. The ZXC10-CBTS supports the board logics and dynamic software download, thus reducing much work of upgrade and maintenance.
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2.6
High Reliability
1. 2. The ZXC10-CBTS uses advanced designs of EMC and EMI. The remote RFS supports fiber ring networking as well as link backup/switchover. The link switchover is independent of the board switchover, thus considerably improving the transmission reliability. The clock system accommodates both the GPS and the GLONASS. Key boards adopt the design of 1+1 hot backup. GPS adopts dual-ovenized crystal to ensure short-term stability of the clock. The HOLDOVER algorithm is adopted to enable 72-hour locked mode after the GPS signals are lost, so that the normal operation of the BTS can be guaranteed.
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2.7
40
Smooth Capacity Expansion and Update

1. 2. 3. All boards are hot swappable, which facilitates on-line upgrade and maintenance of the BTS. The CHM board supports sub-card to enable flexible configuration. A single digital baseband shelf enables 24 carrier-sectors (a single shelf can provide CE resource needs for 12 carrier-sector at least (12 carrier-sectors for the DO system and 24 carrier-sectors for the 1X system) and supports smooth expansion by stack overlapping.
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The ZXC10-CBTS supports smooth expansion from a small capacity to large capacity, for example, increases the capacity or the number of CHM boards. The ZXC10-CBTS supports smooth capacity expansion of carrier-sectors, either from a single carrier to multiple carriers or from a single sector to multiple sectors. The ZXC10-CBTS supports the configuration for a complete separation of the baseband part and the RF part, as well as multi-sector remote RF module. The ZXC10-CBTS supports the interchangeable insertion of CHMs of 1x with different scales and CHMs of 1xEV-DO, providing convenient maintenance for future upgrade.
2.8
Flexible Networking Modes

1. When both the BTS and the BSC are installed in the same equipment room or they are placed near each other, it is recommended to connect them directly. In this case, a complicated Abis link compression protocol is not required. Thus the cost is reduced and the reliability is improved. The Abis interface supports star, chain, tree, and ring networking of the CBTS to meet various terrain and networking requirements. The Abis interface supports either 75/120/100 E1/T1 or built-in SDH transmission interfaces to meet various transmission requirements. The CBTS supports access to either 220VAC power supply or 48 V DC power supply. The primary power supply can be integrated in the BTS system and so no power supply equipment is required. The remote RFS supports ring networking as well as link backup/switchover.
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Internationalization
The design has taken into accounts the internationalization needs. CBTSs support multi-frequency series, provide Band Class 0 (800M), Band Class 5 (450M), Band Class 10 (850M), Band Class 1 (1.9G), Band Class 6 (2.1G). The Abis interface supports 75/120/100 ohm E1/T1. The CBTS supports access to either 220VAC power supply or 48 V DC power supply.
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2.10
Convenient Operation and Maintenance

1. The ZXC10-CBTS supports Order Wire (OW) phone: the network management path carried by SDH equipment can be used to provide access to the OW phone at the BTS side, which easies communication between the maintenance personnel at the BTS side and those at the BSC or other BTSs. The remote RFS also provides OW phone interfaces to enable communication between the BDS/BSC and the RFS. The CBTS has the test module BTM to provide the BTS with functions like online test, calibration, and performance evaluation. The ZXC10-CBTS provides Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) at the BTS side. The BTS side provides a 10M Ethernet test port to interface with the LMT and perform control, functional test and performance parameter collection for basebandRF module of the BTS. The ZXC10-CBTS has a powerful capability of in-service upgrade (including logic, MCU program, BOOT program, and FLASH file) to ease maintenance.
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The Graphic User Interface (GUI) with the unified style is friendly and simple in operation. It provides topology map, toolbar, and real rack layout, making the maintenance work convenient and effective. The object-oriented design makes it easy for the ZXC10-CBTS to add new functions, so that the ZXC10-CBTS can adapt to the continuous growth of CDMA network. With tailored solutions it can meet the specific requirement of various users.
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MAIN FUNCTIONS
The ZXC10-CBTS possesses powerful functions such as radio resource assignment, control and power control.
3.1
5
Radio Resource Assignment

Radio resource assignment involves CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO system. For CDMA2000 1X, radio resource assignment refers to radio channel assignment, WALSH code assignment, CE assignment and frame offset assignment. In terms of limited resources, the order should be radio channel, CE, frame offset and WALSH code in turn, and the first two are easy to be limited, while the last two have enough resources. For 1xEV-DO, radio resource assignment refers to dispatching of forward traffic channel, MacIndex assignment, reverse CE assignment and reverse frame offset assignment. Radio resource assignment is completed by CCM database.
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3.2
Radio Resource Control

Radio channel configuration data of BTS cells reside on the CCM foreground database. After CCM is powered on, it reads these configuration data from the FLASH or background database. The foreground database subsystem will manage these configuration data.
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CE initial configuration Configuration of control channel Configuration of traffic channel. For CDMA2000 1X system, it includes FCH operation and operations for F-SCH and R-SCH.
3.2.1
25
Power Control for CDMA2000 1X

Power control means to control the actual transmission power of the mobile phone or BTS in radio transmission to keep it as low as possible, to reduce the power consumption of mobile phone and BTS and the interference of the entire CDMA network. The prerequisite of power control is to ensure the good communication quality of the ongoing calls. Figure 3 illustrates the power control process.
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Figure 3 Illustration of Power Control Process
As shown in Figure 3, a mobile phone at point A is relatively far from the transmitting antenna of the BTS, while the transmission loss of electric wave in the space is proportional to the 3rd power of the distance. Therefore, to ensure the
ZTE Confidential Proprietary Page 15
communication quality, the mobile phone at point A has to use a relative high transmitting power during communication. Comparatively, point B is closer to the BTS transmitting antenna, resulting in a smaller transmission loss; so, to obtain similar communication quality, a mobile phone at point B can use a lower transmitting power during communication. When a mobile phone in communication is moving from point A towards point B, the power control can reduce its transmitting power gradually. On the contrary, if it is moving from point B towards point A, the power control can increase its transmitting power gradually. Power control can be divided into forward power control and backward power control, either of which is performed independently. The so-called backward power control refers to the control of the mobile phone transmitting power, while forward power control refers to the control of the BS transmitting power. Whether it is forward power control or backward power control, both of them can reduce the interference in the forward or backward direction, and simultaneously decrease the power consumption of mobile phones or BTS by decreasing the transmitting power. And the most obvious advantages shown by them are: the average conversation quality of the whole CDMA network is improved, the network capacity is enhanced, and the usage time of the mobile phone batteries is prolonged. In a CDMA cellular mobile communication system, the following power control modes are available: 1. 2. 3. 4. Backward open-loop power control Backward closed-loop power control Backward outer-loop power control Forward closed-loop power control
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3.2.2
Backward Open-Loop Power Control

Backward open-loop power control refers to such a process that the MS estimates the path loss of the forward link as the basis for the judgment of the backward link loss by measuring the signal power from the BTS, and thereby determines its own transmitting power. That means the backward open-loop power control is intended to eliminate the average link loss and slow attenuation (caused by the shadow effect). The backward open-loop power control algorithm is described as follows: 1. In access state, to prevent the MS from transmitting with a too-high power at the beginning, which might cause unnecessary interference, the MS first uses the access trial program. In the backward traffic channel state, the open-loop adjustment part of the average output power of an MS only varies with the average input power. To compensate for the average path loss and slow fading, the open-loop power control is provided with a very big dynamic range, which is at least 32 dB. In addition, the open-loop power control response time should be neither too fast nor too slow, so as to avoid power waste along with the forward link fast fading. Generally, the response time constant can be 2030 ms, with the accuracy of 0.5 dB.
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Backward Closed-Loop Power Control

Since the forward and backward link frequencies are 45 MHz apart, which is far over the related bandwidth, the backward link contains losses that have been not eliminated in the open loop and are independent of the forward link. To implement accurate power control, the closed-loop power control technology must be used for compensation, that is, that BTS auxiliary MS detects the SNR of the backward
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traffic channel every 1.25 ms, and then compares it with a preset threshold to generate the corresponding power control command, inserts it into the forward traffic channel to send it to the MS.
3.2.4
5
Backward Outer-Loop Power Control

Backward outer-loop power control is used for dynamic adjustment of the SNR threshold N 0 in backward closed-loop power control. Outer-loop power control is a most characteristics part in reverse power control. It effectively combines the error frame ratio that affects the voice quality with the SNR in the reverse closed-loop power control. Therefore the effect of power control is expressed not only by the expansion of capacity, but also by the improvement of voice quality. Similarly, there is no specific definition or description about reverse outer-loop power control in the standard, which means that reverse outer-loop power control design has great flexibility and different producers provide different implementation methods.
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Forward Power Control

The following description is based on an 8K vocoder. For an 8K vocoder system, the information provides for power control contains only power measurement report. When we perform forward power control in the periodical reporting mode, because the control period is long, the effect of forward power control is very little. As an effective forward power control algorithm is required to perform as quick control as possible, this system selects the threshold control mode. The forward power control algorithm can be described with the following two rules: 1. 2. Rule 1: If the power measurement report is received, the transmitting power is increased. Rule 2: If no power measurement report is received, the transmitting power is decreased.
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During voice communication, what actually affects the voice quality is error frame rate: when the error frame rate is relatively high, users will subjectively feel that the voice quality is worse; when the error frame rate is relatively low, users will feel that the voice quality is better. In a CDMA system, it is defined that the uplink error frame rate must not exceed a threshold, which is normally 1%, to ensure the voice quality. This threshold value can be implemented by determination of the ratio between the increase of power amplitude and the decrease of power amplitude. Based on this, an ideal parameter configuration is: If the communication link receives power measurement report, this channel transmitting power increases 1 dB; if no power measurement report is received, the forward channel transmitting power decreases by 0.01 dB.
3.3
40
Power Control for 1xEV-DO

In 1xEV-DO system, as the forward power is constant, power control is not required. Power control is performed in the reverse channel, which involves open loop power estimation and closed-loop power correction. The reverse power control has a control over the output power of the accessed terminal to ensure the quality of the reverse link while minimizing the interference and maximizing the system capacity. The system will reach the largest capacity only when the average reverse link SNR of all users supports the acceptable performance with the minimum overheads. The power control for 1xEV-DO falls into three parts:
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Open loop power control: The AT determines the condition of the reverse link based on the receiving power of the forward pilot channel, and adjusts the initial transmitting power to compensate for the path loss. Closed-loop power control: The AT feedbacks the power control information in the RPC (Reverse Power Control) based on the demodulation performance of the reverse data, and adjusts the transmitting power of the reverse pilot. Outer-loop power control: It is based on the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) of the BSC.
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Each AT estimates the total receiving power of the assigned CDMA forward channels. Based on this measurement and the correction provided by the AN, the AT adjusts its transmitting power to a predefined level to compensate for the path loss of the AN. As for the closed-loop correction, the AT adjusts its transmitting power to response to each effective power control command received on the forward link. In 1xEV-DO system, the AT adjusts its pilot power level based on the information transferred through the close loop power control, and the DRC and ACK channel power vary with the pilot channel power. The relative gains for the traffic, DRC and ACK channels shall be set with sufficient space for the power of the AT. The purpose of the close loop correction is to keep the reverse pilot receiving SNR within the threshold (PCT) or the setting value of the power control in spite of the channel condition, so that the desired PER (Packet Error Rate) can be guaranteed (the nominal PER is 1%). The RPC is used to adjust the power control threshold dynamically to ensure the 1% PER algorithm for the reverse traffic channel.
3.4
25
Handoff Control for CDMA2000 1X

In the CDMA2000 cell system, the radio frequency resource multiplexing technology is fully employed to make one area jointly covered by multiple cells. Thus the concept of cross-cell automatic handoff comes forth. For example, when a mobile subscriber moves from the covered area of one cell to another cell during conversation, automatic handoff of the channel should be performed so that the call is not interrupted. This process should be preformed without being noticed by the subscriber or the intervention of the subscriber. Since the frequency multiplexing rate of the CDMA2000 cellular mobile communication system can reach 100%, apart from the general hard handoff (handoff between different frequencies), the CDMA2000 cellular mobile communication system also provides the soft handoff function. That is, handoff for the same carrier, which greatly lowers the call-drop rate resulting from handoff and enhances the communication reliability. In addition to upgrading service quality, the soft handoff also improves the voice quality, and increases the system capacity to a certain extent. In the CDMA2000 cellular mobile communication system, soft handoff among up to 6 parties can be supported. In the CDMA2000 cellular mobile communication system, handoff can be classified into the following types: 1. Soft handoff: In this type of handoff, when an MS starts to communicate with a new BTS, the communication with the original BTS is not immediately cut off. A soft handoff must be implemented between CDMA channels of the same frequency; Softer handoff: This is a special case of soft handoff. It refers to the soft handoff between different sectors of the same BTS; Hard handoff: This is the handoff between CDMA channels with different frequencies, channels with different frame offsets and different BSC BTSs. During such a handoff, the MS disconnects from the original BTS and then gets into contact with the new BTS;
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Other kinds of handoffs: Access handoff, access probe handoff, channel assignment reach soft handoff and MS auxiliary hard handoff and database auxiliary hard handoff. These handoffs diversify and perfect CDMA handoffs, greatly reduce call loss rate, enhance the call connection rate and effectively improve communication quality.
3.4.1
Hard Handoff
CBTS supports all the following hard handoff modes: 1. 2. 3. 4. Handoff between different carriers within the same BTS; Handoff between different carriers in different BTSs within the same BSC; Handoff between different frequencies in different BSCs within the same MSC; Handoff between different frequencies in different BTSs of different MSCs.
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The half soft handoff flow is implemented for handoff within the same BSC. Due to resource occupation, identical frequency is not available nor can identical frame offset be used within the destination BTS, it is only possible to select other radio resources. However, in order to reduce the handoff seam without replacing the vocoder, such a handoff is sometimes called half soft handoff. After the air handoff instruction is sent, the radio resource and radio channel of the source BTS must be released.
3.5
20
Soft Handoff
CBTS supports all the following soft handoff modes: 1. 2. 3. Handoff between different sectors of the same carrier frequency in the same BTS; Handoff in the same carrier between different BTSs in the same BTC; Handoff in the same carrier between different BSCs in the same MSC.
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Handoff Control for 1xEV-DO

CBTS supports all the following soft handoff modes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Idle handoff: AT Idle handoff between different cell, different BTS, different BSC/PCF different PDSN; Soft handoff add/ Softer handoff add; Soft handoff drop/ Softer handoff drop; virtual soft handoff; A13 handoff between ANs; handoff between different subnet intra-AN; handoff between 1X network and 1xEV-DO.
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The system supports 1xEV-DO virtual soft handoff, as shown in Figure 4. In the virtual handoff mode, the Access Terminal (AT) always selects dynamically to receive the data from an activated sector with the most desirable forward wireless condition. At the same time only one forward sector can send the data, thus considerably improving data flow of the system.
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Figure 4 Schematic diagram of EV-DO virtual soft handoff
3.7
3.7.1
5
Support of Various Types of Channels

1X Channel
The 1X system supports various types of channels including Forward/Reverse Pilot Channel (F/R-PICH), Forward Paging Channel (F-PCH), Forward Quick Paging Channel (F-QPCH), Forward Synchronous Channel (F-SYNCH), Forward /Reverse Fundamental Channel (F/R-FCH), Forward/Reverse Supplementary Channel (F/RSCH), Forward/Reverse Dedicated Control Channel (F/R- DCCH) and Reverse Access Channel (R-ACH).
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3.7.2
EVDO Channel
1. The 1xEV-DO Rev.A forward channel is time-division multiplexed by the following channels: forward pilot channel, forward MAC channel, and forward traffic/control channel. forward MAC channel including four subchannels: reverse power control channel RPC, data rate control lock channel DRCLock, reverse activated channel RA, ARQ channel). Forward control channel including asynchronous Control channel, Synchronous Control channel, SubSynchronous Control channel (SSC). The 1xEV-DO Rev.A reverse channel consists of the following channels: reverse access channel (including two subchannels: pilot channel and data channel), reverse traffic channel (including five subchannels: reverse pilot channel, reverse rate indication channel RRI, data rate control channel DRC, Ack channel and data channel), reverse auxiliary pilot channel, Data Source Control subchannel (DSC). The 1xEV-DO Rev.A supports multi-paging channel.
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4.1
SYSTEM STRUCTURE
General Description of CBTS
Figure 5 Structure of the CBTS Rack
5 Figure 6 Structure of PWSB Rack
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Figure 5 illustrates the structure of the CBTS rack, which is composed of the Base Band Subsystem (BDS) and Radio Frequency Subsystem (RFS). If 48 V DC power supply cant be provided by operator, Power Supply Subsystem (PWSB) is needed. The PWSB cabinet is for option. 1. BDS: it consists of a master digital base band system (MBDS) and slave digital base band systems (SBDS). The MBDS contains Channel Processing Module (CHM), Communication Control Module (CCM), Data Service Module (DSM), RF Interface Module (RIM), in-built SDH Interface Module (SNM), GPS Control Module (GCM), Site Alarm Module (SAM), etc. There are 0 to 1 slave digital base band systems, with the structure similar to that of the MBDS. The SBDS may not have DSM, SNM and GCM. The SCM in SBDS takes place of CCM in MBDS; RFS: it is divided into near-end RF module and far-end module, which consists of TRX, RF Management Module (RMM), Digital Predistortion Amplification (DPA), RF Front End (RFE) and Power Amplifier Interface Module (PIM), etc.
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PWSB: the primary power supply 220V is converted into 48V DC. The PWSB consists of the following modules: Power Monitoring Module (PMM), Primary Power Distribution module (PPD), Primary power Rectifier Module (PRM).
Figure 7 illustrates the block diagram of the CBTS based on the ALL-IP platform.
Figure 7 Block Diagram of the ZXC10-CBTS
The process of the CBTS signal processing is described below:

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Forward: The service data from the BSC enters the BDS through SNM/DSM. The DSM performs protocol termination related to Abis IP transmission (CUDP/PPPMUX/MP/HDLC) and NAT conversion, and then sends the data to the CCM for switching through the fast Ethernet. When the data reaches the CHM, the CHM performs CDMA modulation for the data. The modulated data is sent to the RIM for multiplexing. After that, the multiplexed data is sent to the RMM and then distributed to TRXs (the TRX consists of the DIF and the FCM). The TRXs perform up-conversion for the data. After combined from all TRXs, the data is sent to the LPA (HPA) and the RFE, and finally sent out of the system through the antenna. Reverse: The reverse CDMA signal from the antenna is amplified by the RFE and sent to the TRX (composed of DIF and FCM). The DIF performs down-conversion for the data and converts the data into baseband digital signals. The RMM collects baseband digital signals of all sectors and sends to the RIM. Then the RIM simply distributes the signals into the CHMs, which then perform CDMA modulation of the signals and acquire original service signals. After the service signals are converted into Ethernet frames, the fast Ethernet these frames into the switching center and then to the DSM/SNM. The DSM performs protocol related to Abis IP transmission.
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Finally, the frames are sent to the BSC in E1 or STM-1 mode. The base station also provides the access mode directly based on IP Ethernet.
4.2
4.2.1
5
BDS (Baseband Digital Subsystem)

Overview
As located between the BSC and the RFS, the BDS serves to connect the BSC via an Abis interface, mainly works as system control center and communicate platform, modulate/demodulate and encode the CDMA signals, and connect the RFS via corresponding interfaces. It also functions to control clocks of system/circuit/RF. It falls into two categories: Master baseband digital subsystem (MBDS) and slave baseband digital subsystem (SBDS). In a BTS, there can only be one MBDS which can own 0 or 1 SBDSs. The working principle and structure of the SBDS are similar to that of the MBDS except that its configurations are simplified a little. However, with a large capacity DSM in the MBDS, configurations of the DSM in the SBDS is not required, as well as that of the GPS clock. When there is only MDBS, SNM will be configured. The clock of the SBDS is obtained from the MBDS and its Abis data can also be transmitted to the BSC directly or through the MBDS. Features of BDS: 1. It provides the All-IP based communication platform and makes use of two L2 Ethernet switches to carry media stream and signaling stream; High baseband integration: it provides the baseband CE resource with 12 carrier-sectors for DO, and with approximately 24 carrier-sectors for 1X; It adopts channel sharing in design. The baseband resource of 12/24 sectors can form one CE pool. Through the static and dynamic CE allocation, any CE resource can be used by any sector. For 1X application, its border adjustment can be made in the unit of CSM5000 chip, so that configuration for soft capacity of the sector is maximized and channel resources are fully used; The standard baseband-RF interface supports a complete separation of baseband and RF part as well as flexible configuration of BDS and RFS; Future-proof design for BTS: it supports both CDMA2000 1X service and EVDO service simultaneously on the same platform. It can be upgraded smoothly to 1xEV-DO Rev.B, and supports mixed insertion of all kinds of channel boards.
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CCM (Communication Control Module)

The CCM works in the MBDS shelf and is called as an SCM in the SBDS shelf. The CCM serves as the core of the entire BTS for signaling process, resource management, operation and maintenance, it takes charge of the routes of the data and signaling in the BTS. It mainly provides two functions: build BTS communication platform and BTS concentrate control center. The CCM provides the following functions: 1. Media stream IP communication plane function: Upon media stream exchange, the CCM distributes routes of the voice/packet services between relative modules/units in the BTS and also between the BTS and the BSC; TOD receiving and broadcasting function: It maintains/controls the GCM, receives TOD messages via UART interfaces and then broadcasts them between the MBDS and SBDS through the IP communication plane (signaling flow);
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Signaling flow IP communication plane function: It bears the signaling IP packets between relative modules/units in multiple BDSs of the BTS and between the BTS and the BSC; RFS signaling communication: After the RIM of the local BDS shelf receives the signaling through an HDLC channel, it conducts the framing processing of the forward base band data of the local shelf and the RFS signaling, and then transports them to the RFS through multiplexed links; The CCM communicates with the active/standby RIM via a serial communication interface to configure it and perform O&M management (base band RF interface). It performs direct monitor/control of the status of all the boards in the MBDS rack and indirect monitor/control in the SBDS through the SCM agent using signaling messages. The status includes the in-position indication, running indication, error indication, hard reset, and power-off; Active/standby control: If the CCM adopts the 1+1 active/standby control mode, there should be the active/standby control modules to fulfill the active/standby competition, changeover and control of all the communication channels and external input/output interfaces; It communicates with SAM via UART, monitors system (inside shelf) and circumstance(such as power supply, fans, temperature, humidity, smog and flood etc.), reports monitor information, and accesses PWS cabinet via RS485 communicate interface; It provides the signaling processing function.
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CHM (Channel Processing Module)

The logic position of the CHM is between the CCM and RIM in the BTS. As a system service processing board, it works in the BDS subsystem to conduct forward/reverse modulation of the base band and fulfill multiple key technologies in the CDMA field, such as the diversity technology, RAKE receiving, softer handoff, and power control. Upon a full configuration, there are four of them. CHM module includes CHM0, CHM1 and CHM2 types. The CHM0 supports the CDMA2000 1Xservice, CHM1 supporting the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.0 service, CHM2 supporting the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A service. The BDS subsystem supports interchangeable insertion of CHMs (CHM0 and CHM1/CHM2) to support multiple services.
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4.2.4
GCM (GPS Control Module)

The GCM is to provide reliable clock sources for modules in the BTS. The clocks include: TOD (UTC timing message), system clock (16CHIP and PP2S), circuit clock (8 KHz) and RF reference clock (30MHz). The GCM provides the following functions:
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TOD distribution: The GCM transmits the TOD messages through the UART to the CCM that distributes them to each module in the form of IP packets after conversion; System clock and RF reference clock distribution: It distributes the clocks to the RIMs of the local rack and the SBDS, and the RIM will then send them to the CCM and CHM; Circuit clock distribution: It extracts circuit clocks from the GPS or circuits and distributes them as the global circuit clocks.
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In order to enhance system reliability, GCM supports system clock and circuit clock back up for each other.
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5
SAM (Site Alarm Module)

The SAM implements the environment monitoring of its cabinet and equipment room. The functions are: 1. 2. Communicate with the CCM/RMM in the cabinet via the RS485; Provide the externally attached monitoring equipment with the RS232 and RS485 communication channels; Cabinet environment monitoring: Includes the temperature monitoring, access control alarm of the front/back doors, fan alarm, flooding alarm and inspection of the status of the RPD (power distribution and lightning-proof modules), with the sensor at the bottom layer of the cabinet; Equipment room environment monitoring: Includes the temperature/humidity, fog, access control and infrared monitoring, and extended boolean value input and extended controlling value output of the equipment room.
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4.2.6
DSM (Data Service Module)

1. As located in a BDS rack of a BTS, the DSM mainly finish protocol process and signal resolution for ABIS interface. The DSM provides 8 or 16 E1/T1 lines externally; ,it Supports the daisy chain networking mode, it can also act as the E1/T1 extension lines The DSM provides HW interface to connect SNM and it supports SDH transmission. The DSM also works as switching center of OW telephone.
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4.2.7
SNM (SDH Interface Module)

The SNM works in the BDS subsystem to provide uplink/downlink processing function of STM-1 links. 1. It provides at most two pairs of optical interface for external interconnection with the SDH; It realizes signaling interconnect with the CCM at the BTS side via the FE; SNM clock processing: It extracts the clock source from the circuit and sends it to the DSM which will then sends that to the GCM. The GCM provides a highly stable circuit clock to act as a uniform circuit clock reference in the BTS, and then it sends it to the Abis interfaces of all the BDS shelves; With the SDH-accompanied NM channels, it enables the access of the order wire at the BTS side to facilitate the maintenance personnel communications between the BTS and the BSC or between different BTSs; Supports fiber chain back up (2-fiber path switching).
30
2. 3.
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4.
5.
4.2.8
40
RIM (Radio Frequency Interface Module)

1. 2. 3. 4. RIM is responsible for baseband-RF interface function; It distributes system clock ; It serves as an OW phone path between RFS and BDS/BSC; It implements summation of forward linear sectors for 12 carrier-sectors;
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5.
When the access by SBDS is not taken into account, the system will not provide related system clock, circuit clock and OW phone cascade interface.
4.2.9
5
BIM (BDS Interface Module)

BIM (BDS Interface Module) performs interface processing of BDS and external equipment (including PWS, SBDS and RFS). BIM can be connected to BBDS (Backplate of BDS) and it consists of a series of passive boards to complete protection and access switchover for all interfaces.
4.3
4.3.1
10
RFS (Radio Frequency Subsystem)

Overview
As located between the BDS and MS, the RFS completes the air RF interface in the air and the data interface to the BDS at the BSS side. It is responsible for building BTS RF link functions including baseband processing, digital intemidiate frequency, forward power amplification, reverse low noise amplification, RF far end and so on. Features of RFS: 1. RFS falls into two types: local RFS and remote RFS. Except for different applications, they are the same in structure. A BTS can have none or 1/2 local RFS, and multiple remote RFSs that may be 10 kilometers far away from the BDS and be placed in special locations such as cave, subway, etc. With the standard baseband-RF interface, it supports flexible baseband and RF fiber networking for various applications such as star, chain and ring networking. High RF integration: it adopts digital IF (Intermediate Frequency) technology to implement four-carrier TRX, and also employs multi-carrier PA; For a single rack, the maximum RF configuration is 12 carrier-sectors, and the combination of 14 carriers and 13 sectors can be flexibly configured. Combined cabinets achieve the maximum configuration of 4F6S or 8F3S.
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3. 4.
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4.3.2
RMM (RF Management Module)

RMM acts as the central control unit in the RFS system.The RMM used for LRFS (local RFS) supports local cable access rather than fiber access; while the RMM used for RRFS (Remote RFS) supports fiber interface. RMM is responsible for the following functions: 1. 2. RMM completes centralized monitoring of the RFS including all modules such as TRX, TSM, RSM, LPA , PIM and RFE; As a central control board of RFS, RMM is responsible for environmental monitoring interface within the RFS cabinet: temperature, entrance control, fan, flooding, etc; RMM provides external FE test interface and access to local maintenance terminal (LMT); For RRFS application, RFS is set independently and responsible for monitoring the environment of equipment room (or outdoor BTS shelter), including temperature, humidity, smog, entrance control, infrared, and on-off input; It performs forward/reverse link processing at the baseband-RF interface; It implements processing and distribution of system clock (16CHIP, PP2S) and the RF reference clock (30MHz) for RFS;
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3. 4.
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5. 6.
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7.
It provides the orderwire telephone interfaces to fulfill orderwire communications between the BDS, BSC and RFS, and to facilitate remote RFS maintenance.
4.3.3
5
TRX (Transceiver Module)

As the core module of the RFS in the BTS, TRX is responsible for the following functions: 1. 2. implementing the transceiving of the four forward/reverse carriers; converting the forward/reverse link signals, including the conversion of forward/reverse digital baseband signals to the analog RF signals; With the digital IF and multi-frequencies technologies, it can improve the system performance and integration.
10
3.
4.3.4
DPA (Digital Predistortion Amplifier)

Implemented through predistortion and linear technologies, the DPA can amplify the power of multi-frequency signals at the same time and meet the system linear indices. With predistortion technology, it can output higher power. The DPA provides the following functions: 1. 2. 3. Supports 4 carriers; Supports two kinds of power outputs; Implements the linear predistortion power amplification of the input RF signals; Ensures good working performance of the DPA in appropriate temperature and power wander environment, and provides complete alarming, monitoring and protection of the working status;
15
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4.
4.3.5
25
RFE (RF Front End)

The RFE completes low noise amplification of the reverse signals; inspects splitting and filtering of the transceiving signals. Its performance can directly affect the transceiving system indices of the entire BTS. Functions of the RFE are given as follows: Filters small signals received by an antenna and amplify them in low noise; Distributes the power of the signals that have been amplified in low noise. LNA on the RFE panel is the testing interface for the low noise amplification output; 3. Supports tower top amplification of the peripheral equipment because the LNA can conduct gain adjustment through the background; 4. Provides the transceiving duplex function; filters the forward transmission power signals; 5. Provides interfaces to support the repeater. Each link provides three lines of RF interfaces: TX, RX0 and RX1; 6. Provides the TX testing port for testing or sampling of the pre-distortion condition; 7. Detects the status of the low-noise amplifier; 8. Cooperates to complete automatic calibration of the output power; 9. Reports the alarm messages, and LNA status to the RMM through the serial port; 10. Supports dynamic software downloading. 1. 2.
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4.3.6
PIM (Power Amplifier Interface Module)

As the level-2 central point in the RFE/PA shelf, PIM (Power Amplifier Interface Module) serves as the agent in the RFE/PA shelf of the RMM. PIM is responsible for monitoring PA and RFE modules.
Main functions of the PIM are given as follows: 1. 2. Helps RMM complete alarm/status management and version management of PA and RFE; Serves as the RMM agent to control RFEs LNA link gain and implement reverse scaling; Implements power detection, abnormal detection of LNA electric current and VSMR detection.
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3.
4.3.7
RPD (CBTS Power Distribute module)

RPD is the power distribution module for the CBTS rack. As the CBTS rack exists as a separate device, it is necessary to process and distribute the input secondary 48V DC power supply. The RPD for the CBTS rack is made up of the lightning protection, filtration and the air switch.
15
4.4
4.4.1
20
PWSB
Overview
PWSB (primary power supply system) supplies power to the entire BTS, including the AC-to-DC conversion, AC/DC distribution and monitoring, and storage battery management. The PWSB consists of the following modules: 1. 2. 3. 1. PPD: primary power distribution module (only used for AC input) PRM: primary power rectifier module (only used for AC input) PMM: power monitoring module The primary power supply PWS is sided by the stand-alone PWSB. The maximum power reaches 4500 W. It supports the maximum configuration of CBTS. The PWSB cabinet achieves applications of 220 V and 110 V inputs by changing the PRM, PPD, or the PPM. In case of AC input, the PWSB supports binary-phase three-wire input and three-phase five-wire inputs. The PWS subsystem supports access and charging and discharging management of the storage battery. The PWSB supports the running when the AC power is accessed reversely. However, to meet the effective lightning protection requirement, the engineering requires correct access of AC power according to L\N.
25
Features of the PWSB:
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2. 3. 4.
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5.
4.4.2
40
PPD (PWSB Power Distribution)

The PPD Module is responsible for distributing the input primary 220V AC power supply, and the output secondary 48V DC power supply, as well as accessing the external storage battery. External interfaces include:
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1. 2.
5
AC input interface: The PPD uses monophase three-wire AC power input or three phase AC input. DC output interface: The PPD outputs one-channel load and two-channel storage batteries. The load is output in two pairs of terminals.
4.4.3
PRM (Power Rectifier Module)

The PRM fulfills the primary power supply conversion: Convert the input 220V AC mains into the output -48V communication DC. Upon full configurations, there are three PRMs to work in the 2+1 backup mode. The following protecting measures are adopted to ensure the PRM reliability:
10
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
15
Output over-voltage protection; Output over-current protection; Temperature control and speed adjustment of the fans; Over heat protection; Input fuse protection and lightning-proof/voltage surge suppression circuits at the input end of the rectifier; Power-off upon input over-voltage: 300V 10V; auto recovery: 285V10V; Power-off upon input under-voltage: 80V 10V; auto recovery: 95V10V.
4.4.4
20
PMM (Power Monitoring Module)

The PMM monitors the PWS, including the input/output voltage, output current, switching value collection (air switch and lightning-proof device), detection and charge/discharge control of the storage battery, and the environment monitoring inside the PWS cabinet. The PMM functions are described as follows: 1. Monitors and controls the PRM, including return of on-site and alarm signals of the rectifier, electric current detection, control of output voltage to synchronize the rectifier, and control of the remote switch; Detects analog quantity of the PPD, including input AC voltage (via the sensor), load output current and storage battery current; sends output DC voltage to the PMM for detection; Monitors switching value of the PPD, including air-break switch state, lightning protector state, load DC circuit breaker/closer state; Controls the load DC circuit breaker/closer of the PPD via the control line to cut off the related DC output; Monitors internal environment of the PWS rack, including detection of the temperature and door access control. The temperature of several points should be collected, such as the power supply, distribution and monitoring modules; The PMM communicates with the CBTS CCM or the CBTS RMM via the fullduplex RS-485 line. Whether it communicates with the CCM or the RMM depends on the specific configuration. The RS-485 communication line is connected to the CCM when the BDS is configured at the near end. It is connected to the RMM when the RFS is configured. Also, the CBTS can perform remote hard reset and remote on-line download of chip-microcomputer program for the PMM.
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3. 4. 5.
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6.
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The PMM controls charging voltage of the storage battery by monitoring its output voltage and temperature. It supports average charge control and floating charge control. When the storage battery is discharged, the hold time of the power can be adjusted by using remote power cut-off function of all modules. When the storage
ZTE Confidential Proprietary Page 29
battery is over-discharged, protection measures can be taken, such as cutting off load current, or cutting off DC on/off device of all loads. When the AC power is resupplied, activate the DC circuit breaker.
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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

The network management subsystem takes charge of the interfaces between the entire system and the NM at the background. It works with the NMS to implement BTS-related operation and maintenance, including the fault, performance and version management and other system tools for BTS inspection and maintenance.
5.1
5.1.1
Functions of the O&M

Performance Management
The performance management includes: 1. 2. 3. Evaluates the performance of the BTS Receives commands of the background modules, executes the corresponding operations and then reports the result to the background modules The performance indices of the BTS include the traffic volume, resource availability and access, changeover, power control, payload and QoS.
10
5.1.2
15
Fault Management
The fault management is composed of two parts: alarm management and diagnosis test. 1. The alarm management part manages alarms and alarm recovery of the BTS. While the control part collects the BTS board status reports, generates alarm/alarm recovery messages accordingly, and then reports them to the alarm foreground module. The foreground module receives the alarm/alarm recovery messages, saves the alarm messages in the alarm pool with a certain data structure, forwards alarm/alarm recovery messages to the background, and synchronize the alarms of the background and the foreground; The diagnosis test part implements the diagnosis test of the CCM system. Working on the CCM, it receives commands from the background, executes the corresponding operations and then reports the result to the background module. The background module for the diagnosis test receives the man-machine commands, interprets and locates the test points, and displays, prints and saves the test results via the man-machine interface.
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5.1.3
System Tool
The system tool provides some value-added services such as signaling tracing and service observation. It receives and interprets the man-machine commands, sends them to the corresponding foreground, and classifies, displays, prints and saves the test results.
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5.1.4
Version Management
It implements upgrade of the version software, logic and board software on the foreground hardware modules of the BTS, including version download, query, synchronization and maintenance of all the boards in the entire BTS, and management of relative parameters.
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5.1.5
State Control
The state control module functionally serves to: 1. 2. 3. 4. Monitor and report status of BDS boards; Block/unblock the BTS resources; Process the BTS alarms; Support the BTS alarm recovery.
5.1.6
Real-Time Monitoring
It checks the peripheral circuit of the board for any abnormality, detects the status of key components of the boards, monitors the status of the board resources, and manages the real-time status of the controlled modules.
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6
6.1
5
NETWORKING AND CONFIGURATION

Structure and Outer View
Adopting building-block structure, the CBTS consists of two parts: PWSB cabinet and CBTS cabinet. The following factors should be considered for the buildingblock structure. Since the primary power supply PWS is optional for the system configuration, when the operator can supply directly -48V DC power, it is unnecessary to configure the PWS; but when the operator supplies directly mains 220V input, the PWS shall be configured;
10
The adoption of extended CBTS solution can well support the application of remote RFS, and also the configuration for BTS baseband stacked expansion while the RF end still working in extended mode; With the building block structure, each cabinet is much smaller in size and much lighter in weight than the whole BTS. It can be disassembled for easy convey and transportation. When the CBTS adopts the baseband expansion, multiple BDS/RFS shelves should be cascaded. This cascade enables 4F6S and 8F3S configuration.
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Figure 8 Outer View of CBTS 20
6.2
6.2.1
Networking Modes of CBTS

Abis Interface Networking
The BSS includes two parts, the BTS and the BSC/PCF. The BTS also includes two parts, the local end (such as the BDS and the local RFS) and the remote end. They can be used for networking flexibly in multiple modes, as shown in Figure 8.
25
The BSC is connected to the BTS via Abis interfaces. Between the BSC and BTS can be the star networking, chain networking and ring networking. 1. Star networking: Each BTS is directly (through the E1/T1 or built-in SDH) or indirectly (through the E1/T1 and then the peripheral transmission equipment)
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2.
5
3.
connected to the BSC in the point-to-point mode. It is a simple and reliable way; Ring networking: Multiple BTSs are connected to the BSC in series to form a ring. The ring networking is highly reliable. The built-in SDH interface can be used physically; Chain networking: Multiple BTSs are linked together to form a chain, which is connected to the BSC through the last BTS. It can be adopted in the banding regions. The E1/T1 interface or the built-in SDH interface can be used physically.
10
The networking mode between the BTS and the BSC can be a flexible combination of the three network topologies mentioned above. Physically, the interface between the BTS and the BSC can be E1/T1 or the SDH, or a combination of them. In the case of the E1/T1 interface, the DSM is used for termination, while in the case of the SDH interface, the SNM is used.
15 Figure 9 CDMA2000 BSS Networking
6.2.2
Connection via Ethernet at the Abis Interface
Figure 10 Ethernet Connection Between the BTS and the BSC
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In addition to the E1/T1 and SDH interfaces for connection of the BSC to the BTS, the Ethernet can also be used when they have a short distance. The BTS and the BSC can be installed in an equipment room. Since the ZTE All-IP single BTS can support services of 120 carrier-sectors, all the BTSs in the entire service area can be installed in the BSC equipment room and they cover the entire cell through several remote RFSs using the fibers. Upon connecting through the Ethernet, complex Abis link compression protocols at both the BSC and BTS sides can be omitted to reduce the cost and improve the reliability.
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6.2.3
BDS-RFS Networking Modes

A BTS consists of the BDS and RFS that are comparatively independent. The topology structure between them can be the star, chain, ring or a combination networking, as shown in Figure 10.
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Figure 11 BDS-RFS Networking Modes
1.
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2.
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3.
30
Star networking: The quantity of fibers lead out from the BDS should equal that of the RFSs due to the point-to-point connection mode, and the scale of a RFS is restricted accordingly. For example, with n lines of fibers, the BDS can support n remote RFSs; Chain/ring networking: It allows few fibers to be led out from the BDS, however, the features of the chain networking mode restrict the reliability improvement. Figure 11 shows the reliability comparison between a chain network and a ring network upon link fault. As shown in Figure 11, there are 7 remote RFSs and the link between R3 and R4 fails. In a chain network, the data of needs to pass through R3, therefore, they cannot work in such a case. However, if a ring network is in the same situation, R4, R5, R6 and R7 can obtain the data from the BDS in the anti-clockwise direction instead of the clockwise direction to ensure normal running; Fibers can be adopted between the BTS and the remote RFSs upon a long distance connection, which is quite reliable.
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Figure 12 Reliability Comparison between a Chain Network and a Ring Network (with link failure)
6.3
5
System Application
As the configuration solution to implement basic functions at low cost, the CBTS (compact BTS) takes into account the compatibility with macro BTS and system capacity expansion. The system can basically have the following working modes:
Table 2 Working Modes of CBTS Working Full Name Mode
LS RS LEA Local Single Mode Remote Single Mode Local Extend Mode A
System Feature
Supports 4F3S (1X/DO), but not remote RFS. Used as remote RFS to support 4F3S (1X/DO) Adopts the two combined cabinets to extend RF and support voice (1X) for approximately 24 carrier-sectors. It can be configured as 8F3S or 4F6S. Adopts the two combined cabinets to extend the baseband and RF, and to support the complete 24 carrier-sectors (1X/DO). It can be configured as 8F3S or 4F6S. Adopts the extended fiber to implement the remote extension. The remote site can be CBTS, MBTS-RFS, etc. The total capacity of (local + remote) is 12 carriersectors (DO) or approximately 24 carriersectors (1X). Adopts the two combined cabinets at the near end to extend the baseband/RF, and to implement the remote extension via the extended fiber. The far end can be CBTS, MBTS-RFS, etc. The total capacity of (local + remote) is 24 carriersectors (DO) or approximately 48 carriersectors (1X).
LEB
Local Extend Mode B
RE
Remote Extend Mode
ME
Mix Extend Mode
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6.3.1
LS Mode
Local Single (LS) Mode in the CBTS supports 4F3S, the configuration with the lowest cost. Its baseband resource pool can support 12 carrier-sectors for DO application, and approximately 24 carrier-sectors for 1X application. As the RF link resource supports the confiuration of 4F3S, the baseband link is also designed to support 12 carrier-sectors. With the 4F3S configuration, appromiximately two (three at most) CHM0 modules can be configured for 1X application only, and two idle slots are left. For DO application only, 4 slots shall be configured for CHM1/CHM2 modules. The typical configuration is shown in the following diagram.
10 Figure 13 Configuration of CBTS in LS Mode
6.3.2
RS Mode
Remote Single (RS) Mode in the CBTS is used as a remote RFS to support the configuration of 4F3S. The baseband resources at the near end can be super BTS, single macro BTS, or CBTS, while the remote CBTS can only have RF resources. Therefore it supports 12 carrier-sectors for both DO and 1X application. The configuration is shown in the following diagram.
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Figure 14 Configuration of CBTS in RS Mode 20
6.3.3
LEA Mode
Local Extend A (LEA) Mode in the CBTS adopts the two combined CBTS cabinets to implement RF extend application when pure 1X voice services and 1X/DO mixed services exceed the configuration of 4F3S, and the baseband resources (4CHM slots) can still meet the requirement of system configuration. The attached CBTS cabinet can only provide RF link resources. It can provide the
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capacity of approximately 24 carrier-sectors for pure 1X services, and larger capacity than the configuration of 4F3S for mixed 1X/DO services. For pure DO services, as the baseband only supports 12 carrier-sectors, it is unnecessary to use the LEA mode.
5
Two kinds of extension applications are available: high-carrier extension (F > 4) and multi-sector extension (S > 3). The two applications are configured with different FRE modules and different fibers for connection of combined cabinets, as shown in the following diagram.
10
Figure 15 Configuration of CBTS in LEA Mode
6.3.4
LEB Mode
Local Extend B (LEB) Mode in the CBTS adopts the two combined CBTS cabinets to implement the baseband + RF extend application when pure DO voice services and 1X/DO mixed services exceed the configuration of 4F3S, and the baseband resources (4CHM slots) are unable to meet the requirement of system configuration. The attached CBTS cabinet can also provide the baseband and RF link resources. However, the baseband resources between CBTS -M and CBTS -S are unable to be shared, i.e., each baseband component corresponds to its respective RF link. Except the Communication Control and ABIS interface that can be shared, the other parts shall be provided with two sets. Equally two sets of BTSs are provided. The LEB provides the capacity of 24 carrier-sectors for pure DO services, and larger capacity than the configuration of 4F3S for mixed 1X/DO services. For pure 1X services, as the baseband supports approximately 48 carrier-sectors and RF only supports 24 carrier-sectors, it is unnecessary to use the LEB mode. Two kinds of extension applications are available: high-carrier extension (F>4) and multi-sector extension (S > 3). The two applications are configured with different FRE modules and different fibers for connection of combined cabinets, as shown in the following diagram.
Interconnection cables for RF combined cabinets
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RPD R F E R F E R F E P I M FAN G S T C A R M M X FAN T R X T R X D P A D P A D P A FAN B I M R F E R F E R F E P I M FAN T R X D P A D P A
RPD D P A FAN B I M
R R C C C C C C D S M I H H H H C C S N M M MM MMMMM M FAN FAN
S A T T M R R - X X 3 FAN
R R C C C C C C M I H H H H C C M M MMM MMM FAN FAN
Baseband subtending cable
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Figure 16 Configuration of CBTS in LEB Mode
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6.3.5
RE Mode
Remote Extend (RE) Mode in the CBTS adopts the extended fiber to implement remote RF extend application. The surplus local baseband resources can be shared by the RFS. For the baseband resources of a single site (4CHM slots), the RE mode supports 12 carrier-sectors for pure DO services and approximately 24 carriersectors for pure 1X services, as shown in the following diagram.
Figure 17 Configuration of CBTS in RE Mode
6.3.6
10
ME Mode
Mix Extend (ME) Mode is a combination of LEB mode and RE mode, which can implement local baseband /RF extension as well as remote RF extend application via the fiber. With the extended baseband, it can support a maximum capacity of 24 carrier-sectors for pure DO services and a maximum capacity of approximately 48 carrier-sectors for 1X services. When the local configuration is 4F3S or below, the combined CBTS may not be configured with the local RFS, otherwise the RFS shall be configured for the combined CBTS. The surplus baseband resources can be shared by all kinds of remote RFS units via the extended fiber. The configuration is shown in the following diagram.
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RRFS RRFS
S ta r
RRFS
RRFS
Loop
R e m o te R F ex ten d BASE e x te n d RF ex ten d
RRFS
BDS LRFS
M -C B T S
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BDS LRFS
S-C B T S
Figure 18 Configuration of CBTS in ME Mode
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7.1
7.1.1
5
TECHNICAL INDICES
Running Environment Indices
Dimensions
Dimensions of a single CBTS cabinet (BDS + RFS): 600 mm 600 mm 850 mm (WDH)) PWSB shelf (optional): 100 mm 600 mm 850 mm (W D H)
7.1.2
Gross Equipment Weight and Ground Bearing Capacity of the Equipment Room
Table 3 Gross Equipment Weight and Ground Bearing Capacity of the Equipment Room
Configuration 4 frequencies 1 sector (4F1S) 4F3S 126.5 155.5 Weight (kg)
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7.1.3
Power Supply Requirments

Normal working voltage of the CBTS is given in Table 4:
Table 4 Working Voltage Range of power supply SN
Nominal Value 48 V DC 220 V AC 110 V AC Allowed Fluctuation 43.2 V to 56.5 V 150300 V 85135 V
1 2 3
7.1.4
15
Power Consumption
Table 5 BTS Power Consumption during Normal Working (with DPA)
Output Power 1x Maximum Power Consumption (Full-Loading) 1210 W 1250 W 2360 W 2400 W 1720 W 1760 W 3370 W 3420 W DO Maximum Power Consumption (Full-Loading) 1220 W 1320 W 2440 W 2530 W 1730 W 1820 W 3450 W 3550 W 1x Typical Power Consumption (HalfLoading) 1090 W 1140 W 2130 W 2170 W 1490 W 1540 W 2930 W 2970 W DO Typical Power Consumption (HalfLoading) 1060 W 1150 W 2110 W 2210 W 1430 W 1530 W 2860 W 2960 W
Typical Configuration 1 C (Carrier) 3 S (Sector) 4C3S 5C3S 8C3S 1C3S 4C3S 5C3S 8C3S
40 W 40 W 40 W 40 W 60 W 60 W 60 W 60 W
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Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS Table 6 BTS Power Consumption during Normal Working (with LPA)
Output Power 1x Maximum Power Consumption (Full-Loading) DO Maximum Power Consumption (Full-Loading) 1x Typical Power Consumption (HalfLoading) 1490 W 1540 W 2930 W 2970 W DO Typical Power Consumption (HalfLoading) 1440 W 1530 W 2870 W 2970 W
Typical Configurat ion 1 C (Carrier ) 3 S (Sector) 4C3S 5C3S 8C3S
40 W 40 W 40 W 40 W
1630 W 1670 W 3200 W 3240 W
1640 W 1740 W 3280 W 3380 W
7.1.5
Grounding Requirements
Joint grounding resistance 1; BTS grounding resistance 5
7.1.6
5
Temperature and Humidity Requirements

Table 7 Normal Working Environment Requirements for BTS
Temperature Humidity
Equipment
Working Temperature
BTS 5C to +45C, that is, 23F to 113F
Working Temperature Recommended

15C to 35C, that is, 59F to 95F
Working Humidity
15%RH 93%RH to
Working Humidity Recommended

40%RH 60%RH to
7.1.7
Noise Requirments
BTS working environmental noise: 75 dBA
7.2
7.2.1
10
Performance Indices
Interface Indices
1. 2. Physical link of the Abis interface supports the E1/T1 and SDH connection mode Interfaces between BDS and the remote RFS station: Physical links are connected through fibers.
7.2.2
15
Capacity Indices
1. 2. 3. The BDS in A single CBTS rack can support a maximum of 12 carrier-sectors for DO, a maximum of 24 carrier-sectors for 1X. The local RFS in A single CBTS rack can support up to 12 carrier-sectors. Adopts the two combined cabinets to extend the baseband and RF, and to support the complete 24 carrier-sectors (1X/DO). It can be configured as 8F3S or 4F6S. Adopts the extended fiber to implement the remote extension. The total capacity of (local + remote) is 12 carrier-sectors (DO) or approximately 24 carrier-sectors (1X). Adopts the two combined cabinets at the near end to extend the baseband/RF, and to implement the remote extension via the extended fiber. The total
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capacity of (local + remote) is 24 carrier-sectors (DO) or approximately 48 carrier-sectors (1X).
7.2.3
5
Reliability Indices
The reliability indices are given as follows: 1. 2. 3. Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF): > 100000 hours Mean Time To Recovery (MTTR): 0.25 hours Availability: > 99.9999%
7.2.4
10
RF Indices
The RF indices of the CDMA BTS is specified according to 3GPP2 C.S0010-A (TIA-97-D), Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum Base Stations. the system supports five bands specified in the standard: Band Class 0 (800M), Band Class 1 (1.9G), Band Class 5, (450M) Band Class 6 (2.1G) and Band Class 10 (850M).
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Band Class 0 (800M), Band Class 5 (450M), Band Class 10 (850M)

Table 8
Band Channel Bandwidth 1.23 MHz (Band Class 0), 1.25M (Band Class 5, 10) 127 dBm The lower limit: < 127 dBm The upper limit: at the noise power spectral density of 65dBm/1.23MHz (Eb/N0= 10 dB 1 dB), the FER (Frame Error Rate) should be less than 1%. BAND 0: In the presence of a single tone that is 50dB above the CDMA signal level, and is at offset of 750kHz from the center frequency of the assigned channel, the output power of the mobile station shall increase by no more than 3 dB ,and the FER shall be less than 1.5%. In the presence of a single tone that is 87dB above the CDMA signal level, and is at offset of 900kHz from the center frequency of the assigned channel, the output power of the mobile station shall increase by no more than 3 dB, and the FER shall be less than 1.5%. BAND 5: In the presence of a single tone that is 87dB above the CDMA signal level, and is at offset of 900kHz from the center frequency of the assigned channel, the output power of the mobile station shall increase by no more than 3 dB, and the FER shall be less than 1.5%. BAND 10: In the presence of a single tone that is 80dB above the CDMA signal level, and is at offset of 1.25MHz from the center frequency of the assigned channel, the output power of the mobile station shall increase by no more than 3 dB ,and the FER shall be less than 1.5%. BAND 0, 5: In the presence of two interfering tones that are 72dB above the CDMA signal level, and are at offsets of +900 kHz and +1700 kHz, and -900 kHz and 1700 kHz from the CDMA frequency assignment, the output power of the mobile station shall increase by
Receiver Indices (Low Noise Amplification) Working Frequency Band Class 0 ,5,10
receiver sensitivity Receiver Range Dynamic
Single Tone Desensitization
Intermodulation Spurious Response Attenuation
Page 42

no more than 3 dB ,and the FER shall be less than 1.5%. BAND 10: In the presence of two interfering tones that are 72dB above the CDMA signal level, and are at offsets of +1.25 MHz and +2.05MHz, and 1.25MHz and 2.05MHz from the CDMA frequency assignment, the output power of the mobile station shall increase by no more than 3 dB ,and the FER shall be less than 1.5%. Less than -80dBm, measured in a 30 kHz resolution bandwidth at the base station RF input ports, for frequencies within the BTS receiver band; Less than 60 dBm, measured in a 30 kHz resolution bandwidth at the BTS RF input ports, for frequencies within the base station transmit band; Less than 47 dBm, measured in a 30 kHz resolution bandwidth at the base station RF input ports, for all other frequencies. < 1.50
Conducted Spurious Emissions and Radiated Spurious Emissions
Standing wave ratio of the RFE
Table 9 Transmitter Indices Working Frequency Band Class 0, 5, 10 band Frequency Tolerance Channel bandwidth Modulation mode
510
-8
1.23 MHz (BAND 0), 1.25 MHz (BAND 5, 10) Quadrature modulation < 45 dBc @ 750 kHz offset Center Freq (RBW 30 kHz) < 60 dBc @ 1.98 MHz offset Center Freq (RBW 30 kHz) >4MHz OFFSET: 9KHz<f <150 kHz < 36 dBm (RBW 1kHz) @ < 36 dBm (RBW 10kHz) @ 150KHz<f< 30 MHz < 30 dBm (RBW 1MHz) @ 1GHz<f< 12.5 GHz 4MHz TO 6.4MHz OFFSET: < 36 dBm (RBW 1kHz) @ 30 MHz < f < 1 GHz 6.4 MHz TO 16MHz OFFSET: < 36 dBm (RBW 10kHz) @ 30 MHz < f < 1 GHz >16 MHz OFFSET: < 36 dBm (RBW 100kHz) @ 30 MHz < f < 1 GHz The code domain power in each inactive channel should be 32dB or more below the total output power. The total power should be within +2dB and -4dB of the manufacturers rated power (See IS-97D for the definition of the total power and the testing). The normalized cross correlation coefficient should be greater than 0.98. The pilot time alignment error should be less than 3 s and the maximum error should be less than 10 s. The pilot time tolerance of all CDMA Channels radiated by a base station shall be within 1us of each other. In case the external system clock is interrupted, the timing error between the BTS and the CDMA system should not be over 10us within 8 hours. < 50 ns within one Forward CDMA Channel
Limitations on Conducted Spurious Emissions and Limitations on Radiated Spurious Emissions
Code domain power Total power Waveform quality
Pilot time tolerance
Pilot Channel to Code Channel Time Tolerance Pilot Channel to Code Channel Phase ZTE Confidential Proprietary
The phase differences between the Pilot Channel and all other code channels sharing the same Forward CDMA Channel should
Page 43
Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS Tolerance Pilot power output power Range of the dynamic linear output Standing wave ratio of the RFE
not exceed 0.05 radians. The Pilot Channel power to total power ratio shall be within 0.5dB of the configured value. 40W/60W/80W > 30 dB
< 1.50
Band Class 1 (1.9G), Band Class 6 (2.1G)

Table 10 Receiver Indices Working Frequency Band Channel bandwidth receiver sensitivity Receiver Dynamic Range
Band Class1, 6 1.25 MHz < -127 dBm The lower limit : Less than 127 dBm The upper limit: at the noise power spectral density of 65dBm/1.23MHz (Eb/N0 = 10 dB 1 dB), the FER(Frame Error Rate) should be less than 1%. In the presence of a single tone that is 80dB above the CDMA signal level, and is at offset of 1.25MHz from the center frequency of the assigned channel, the output power of the mobile station shall increase by no more than 3 dB ,and the FER shall be less than 1.5%. In the presence of two interfering tones that are 70dB above the CDMA signal level, and are at offsets of +1.25M Hz and +2.05M Hz, and 1.25 MHz and 2.05 MHz from the CDMA frequency assignment, the output power of the mobile station shall increase by no more than 3 dB, and the FER shall be less than 1.5%. Less than 80 dBm, measured in a 30 kHz resolution bandwidth at the base station RF input ports, for frequencies within the BTS receiver band; Less than -60dBm, measured in a 30 kHz resolution bandwidth at the BTS RF input ports, for frequencies within the base station transmit band; BAND 1: Less than 57dBm measured in a 100kHz resolution bandwidth at the base station RF input ports, for frequencies: 30MHz<f<1GHz. Less than 47dBm measured in a 1MHz resolution bandwidth at the base station RF input ports, for frequencies: 1GHz<f<12.75GHz. < 1.50
Single Desensitization
Tone
Intermodulation Spurious Response Attenuation
Conducted Spurious Emissions and Radiated Spurious Emissions
Standing wave ratio of the RFE Table 11 Transmitter Indices Working Frequency band Frequency Tolerance Channel bandwidth Modulation mode Limitations on Conducted Spurious Emissions and Limitations on Radiated Spurious Emissions
Band Class1, 6 510-8 1.25 MHz Quadrature modulation offset Center Freq (RBW < 45dBc @885 kHz 30kHz) < 55 dBc @1.98 MHz offset Center Freq (RBW 30kHz)
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> 4 MHz OFFSET: 9KHz < f <150 kHz < 36 dBm (RBW 1kHz) @ < 36 dBm (RBW 10kHz) @ 150 kHz < f < 30 MHz < 36 dBm (RBW 100kHz) @ 30 MHz <f < 1 GHz 4-16 MHz OFFSET: < 30 dBm (RBW 30kHz) @ 1 GHz < f < 12.5 GHz 16M TO 19.2M OFFSET: <-30dBm(RBW 300kHz) @ 1GHz<f< 12.5GHz >19.2MHz OFFSET: <-30dBm(RBW 1MHz) @ 1GHz<f< 12.5GHz
Code domain power
The code domain power in each inactive channel should be 32dB or more below the total output power. (Note: it is defined as 32dB in the YDN 091.2-1998 specifications, while 27dB in the IS-97 specifications). The total power should be within +2dB and -4dB of the manufacturers rated power (See IS-97D for the definition of the total power and the testing). The normalized cross correlation coefficient, , should be greater than 0.98. The pilot time alignment error should be less than 3 s and the maximum error should be less than 10 s. The pilot time tolerance of all CDMA Channels radiated by a base station shall be within 1us of each other. In case the external system clock is interrupted, the timing error between the BTS and the CDMA system should not be over 10us within 8 hours.
Total power Waveform quality
Pilot time tolerance
Pilot Channel to Code Channel Time Tolerance Pilot Channel to Code Channel Phase Tolerance Pilot power output power Range of the linear output dynamic
< 50 ns within one Forward CDMA Channel

The phase differences between the Pilot Channel and all other code channels sharing the same Forward CDMA Channel should not exceed 0.05 radians. The Pilot Channel power to total power ratio shall be within 0.5 dB of the configured value. 40W /60W/80W > 30 dB < 1.50
Standing wave ratio of the RFE
7.2.5
BTS Clock Technical Indices

1. Technical indices for the BTS clock: 1) Frequency reference: 10 MHz. Its accuracy should be smaller than 10-11 in the locked GPS status but 10-10 in the hold status 2) Temperature: < 0.510-9 Clock synchronous source
2.
10
Once the synchronous source is lost for a while or the BTS clock is lost in synchronization, GCM will adopt dual-ovenized crystal to ensure the stability of clock for a short period, and guarantee that phase wander is less than 10s within 72 hours through the HOLDOVER algorithm. Therefore the BTS can run normally. 3. Clock System Performance 1) Frequency tolerance < 0.05 ppm 2) Phase tolerance < 10 us
Page 45
APPENDIX A: ABBREVIATIONS
Table 12 Abbreviations Abbreviation
1xEV 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV AAA Abis ATM A BBDS BDS BIM BSC BSP BSS BTS CBTS CCM CHM CHM-1x DBS DPA DSM EPLD FA FER FPGA GCM HA HDLC HDR HLR 1xEV-DO IP LNA MAC MBDS MSC MTBCF MTBF MTTR O&M 1x Evolution 1x Evolution Data Only 1x Evolution Data & Voice Authentication Authorization Accounting Abis Interfacethe interface of BSC--BTS Asynchronous Transfer Mode A Interfacethe interface of BSC-MSC Backplate of BDS Baseband Digital System BDS Interface Module Base Station Controller Board Support Package Base Station System Base Transceiver System Compact BTS Communication Control Module Channel Processing Module Channel Processing Module for CDMA2000 Database Subsystem Digital Pre-distortion Amplification Data Service Module Electrically Programmable Logic Device Foreign Agent Frame Error Rate Field Programmable Gate Arrays GPS Control Module Home Agent High-level data link control High Data Rate Home Location Register High rate packet data Internet Protocol Low Noise Amplifier Media Access Control Master Baseband Digital System Mobile Switch Center Mean Time Between Criteria Faults Mean Time Between Faults Mean Time To Recovery Operations and Maintenance
Full Name
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Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS Abbreviation

OMC OTD PA PCF PDSN PIM PMM PP2S PPD PPP PRM PWS RF RFE RFS RIM RMM RPT RSM RSSI RX SAM SBDS SCH SDH SNM STS TOD TSM TX
Full Name
Operation and Maintenance Center
Orthogonal Transmit Diversity

Power Amplifier Packet Control Function Packet Data Serving Node Power amplifier Interface Module Power Monitoring Module Pulse Per 2 seconds PWSB Power Distribution Module Point to Point Protocol Power Rectifier Module Power System Radio Frequency RF Front End Radio Frequency Subsystem RF Interface Module RF Management Module Repeater Receiver Switch Module Received Signal Strength Indicator Receiver Site Alarm Module Slave Baseband Digital System Synchronization Channel Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH Net Module Space-Time Spreading Time of Date Transmit Switch Module Transmit
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About the Document

Copyright 2006 ZTE Corporation Shenzhen P. R. China

ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

Figures and Tables

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Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

Overview of the CDMA2000 All-IP Network

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Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

Introduction to the ZXC10-BSSB

Position of ZXC10-CBTS in a Network

CDMA2000 1X Network Architecture

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

Interfaces of ZXC10-CBTS in the CDMA2000 1X Network

Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A RAN

Figure 2 Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO RevA RAN

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

Interfaces of the ZXC10-CBTS in the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A Network

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

40 ZTE Confidential Proprietary

GOST 12.2.007.0-75. Electrotechnical devices. The general safety requirements.

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

Multiple Frequency Bands Supported

Frequency Bands Supported Uplink Frequency Frequency Band (MHz)

Downlink Frequency (MHz)

Installation Against the Wall

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

Smooth Capacity Expansion and Update

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

Flexible Networking Modes

Convenient Operation and Maintenance

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

Radio Resource Assignment

Radio Resource Control