Cover Page

Topics tested for SA2 (Highlighted are paper 2) 1.)Simultaneous Equations 2.)Surds, Indices, Logarithms 3.)Quadratic Equations and Inequalities 4.)Polynomials and Partial Fractions 5.)The Modulus Function 6.)Binomial Theorem 7.)CoordinateAdditional Mathematics SA2 Overall Geometry Chapters 1 2

Revision Notes

Simultaneous Equations, Indices, Surds, Logarithms

Chapter 1: Simultaneous Equations There are 3 methods in solving simultaneous linear equations: 1.) Substitution Method 2.) Elimination Method 3.) Graphical Method There are several steps to follow: 1.) Express one unknown in terms of another unknown (avoid fractional expressions) 2.) Substitute this newly formed equation into the non-linear equation Chapter 2.2: Indices
a m a n = a m+n ( a m ) n = a mn a m b m = ( ab ) m a m a n = a mn a a m bm = ( )m b 0 a =1 1 a n = n a x x (a n ) = n a
m

Chapter 2.1: Surds m n = mn m n = m n

a m +b m = a+b m ( a + b )( a b ) = a b a+b k =c+d k a = c and b = d . Rationalising Denominator: Multiply the square root to both numerator and denominator.

Chapter 2.3: Logarithms

a n = n a m = (n a ) m

a x = an x = n When a > 1

Sum and Product of Roots In ax 2 + bx + c Sum of roots + = b a c Product of roots = a

Intersection Terms Crosses / Cuts 2 points of intersection, 2 real/distinct roots/ discriminant more than 0. 1 point of intersection, 2 real/equal roots/ discriminant = 0. 0 points of intersection, no real roots, discriminant < 0.

Touches / tangent Does not intersect / We can use the sum and productMathematics SA2 Overall Revision Notes of Additional meet roots to write an equation. Chapters 3 - 4 Discriminant more than or equal to Meet 0. x 2 (sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0 Quadratic Inequality

Quadratic Functions and Inequalities

Discriminant and Nature of Roots

Chapter 8: Linear Law

The graph of a linear equation Y = mX + c is a straight line with gradient m and y intercept c. There are 2 parts to solving linear law questions: Draw a straight line graph to determine gradient and y-intercept, and to find the equation of the straight line. Key Steps: 1.) Force the equation into the form of Y = mX + c.

2.) Take some experimental values of x and y and compute the corresponding values of X and Y. 3.) Use these computed values to plot the points on a graph with X and Y axis. 4.) Draw a line passing through the plotted points. Always have more space at the lower end of
graph for the line to cut the Y axis for Y-intercept. 5.) Obtain the Gradient and the Y-intercept. Note: In Y = mX + Additional c

Mathematics SA2 Overall Revision Notes

Chapters 3 - 4

Polynomials/Partial Fractions

Polynom ial

An expression that is a sum of terms in the form axn where n is non-negative and a is constant.

To find unknown constants, either equate coefficients of like powers of x or substitute values of x. Remainder Theorem If a polynomial f(x) is divided by a linear divisor (x a), the remainder is f(a). Factor Theorem

If (x a) is a factor of the polynomial f(x), f(a) = 0.

Partial Fractions

Chapter 5: The Modulus Functions

Chapter 6: Binomial Theorem

For a real number x, |x| represents n n (a + b) n = a n + a n 1b + a n 2b 2...+ b n the modulus / absolute value of x. It is 1 2 always non-negative. that cannot be factorised is to be remained in the same form. A repeated Basically, a linear factor

n n n n 1 n A B n To draw a modulus + b) 2 graph of the (1 + x) n = 1 + 2 . x + x 2 + x3 + ... + + linear factor like (ax is to be split into 2: x +x (ax + b) ( ax + b 1 ) function, first draw the function then 2 3 n 1 reflect the part of the function which n n(n 1)( n 2)...(n r + 1) is below the x axis upwards. = r! r Formulas:
x = k x = k or x = k f ( x ) = g ( x), g ( x ) 0 f ( x) = g ( x) , f ( x) = g ( x) ab = a b a a = b b Properties: 1.) Have n+1 terms 2.) Sum of powers of a and b = n.
n nr r n r r+1th term: Tr +1 = a b or Tr +1 = b r r

Chapter 7: Coordinate Geometry