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Deep veins Femoral vein Popliteal vein Venae commitantes of anterior tibial artery Venae commitantes of posterior tibial artery Venae commitantes of peroneal artery
Veins of the lower limbs Perforating veins Connect superficial to deep veins Blood flow is one way VALVES INSIDE ALLOW FLOW of BLOOD, superficial to deep (ONE WAY ONLY) Great saphenous vein has 5 perforators Small saphenous vein has 1 perforator
Superficial veins Great saphenous vein Small saphenous vein Dorsal venous arch
Explanation Found in dorsum for foot Origin : lateral end of the dorsal venous arch Ends : popliteal vein ( through popliteal roof) Important relations: sural nerve Origin : Medial end of the dorsal venous arch in front of the medial malleolus End : femoral vein ( joins via saphenous opening) Largest and longest superficial vein in the body Used as graft for coronary vessel bypass VARICOSE VEINS- COMMON IN women Origins : lower border of popliteus Ends : by passing behind of adductor hiatus Upward continuation of the venae commitantes of anterior and posterior tibial veins Continues as the femoral vein
Small saphenous
Great saphenous
Popliteal
Short saphenous vein Venae Commitantes of the ant & post tibial and peroneal arteries
Femoral
Origin : lower end of adductor canal End : become external iliac vein by passing behind the inguinal ligament Upward continuation of the popliteal vein Continues as the external iliac vein Major relations: y Femoral canal (medially) y Femoral artery & nerve (laterally)
Great saphenous vein Muscular veins Medial and lateral circumflex femoral veins
Factors for venous drainage of lower limbs Superficial Veins (Great Saphenous) have multiple valves which hold blood column MOST IMPORTANT VALVE--at SAPHENO-FEMORAL JUNCTION--INCOMPETENT IN VARICOSITY
VALVES IN PERFORATING VEINS & OBLIQUITY IN PIERCING DEEP FASCIA BY PERFORATING--ALLOW UNI-DIRECTIONAL BLOOD flow Superficial Veins to Deep Veins MUSCULO-VENOUS PUMP--CALF MUSCLES (SOLEUS) COMPRESS DEEP VEINS -MILKING THE BLOOD UP TOWARDS THE HEART PRESENCE OF COMPETENT VALVES PREVENT REFLUX (DEEP TO SUPERFICIAL) SUPPLEMENTED BY MUSCLES WHICH HELP PUMPING TOWARDS HEART INCOMPETENT VALVES (both SUPERFICIAL VEINS & PERORATORS)-DILATED & TORTUOUS SUPERFICIAL VEINS (VARICOSE VEINS) Increased Venous Pressure Damage Cells, Also Blood Exudes Into Soft Tissue-VARICOSE ULCERS