INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

IPOS CYCLE:
Information Processing Cycle: Steps followed to process data Input o Computer accepts data from some source Computers processing components perform actions on the data based on instructions from user or program Output o Computer conveys result to user. o Text, numbers, graphic, image, video, sound o Optional Permanently store result on some medium o Optional How Computers Work: All computers follow the same four basic operations. o o o o Input Processing Storage/Memory Output KEYBOARD Storage o Processing o

Input hardware - devices that allow people to put data into the computer in a form that the computer can use

SHAH ZAIB

BS (TE 1ST )

CMS ID# 17336

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING Allows the user to interact. Input devices accept data. Keyboard: an input device that converts letters, numbers, and other characters into electrical signals readable by the processor. Mouse: Select options from onscreen menu. Other Input devices? o o o o Scanners. Microphone. Webcam. Digital Camera. Brains of the computer. Carries out instructions from the program. Manipulate the data. Most computers have several processors. Central Processing Unit (CPU). Secondary processors. Processors made of silicon and copper. A tiny piece of silicon that contains millions of miniature electronic circuits.
CASE OR SYSTEM CABINET

Processing devices o o o o o o o

Processor chip:

Storage devices:
o o Primary storage (memory) RAM.. Computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed. o Secondary storage (storage) - ROM . o The area in the computer where data or information is held permanently. Storage capacity is represented in: o o o 1 byte - 1 character of data. 1 kilobyte 210 bytes/char; 1,024 characters. 1 megabyte - 220 bytes/char 1,048,576 characters. BS (TE 1ST ) CMS ID# 17336 2
Processor chip

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING o o 1 gigabyte - more than 1 billion characters. 1 terabyte - more than 1 trillion characters. Also known as RAM or memory. Represent primary storage or temporary storage. Hold data before processing and information after processing. Volatile. More RAM results in a faster system. In Mega/Giga Bytes. Also called ROM. Permanent storage of programs. Holds the computer boot directions. Typically in Kilobytes.

Random Access Memory (RAM) o o o o o o

Read Only Memory: o o o o

Hold data and programs permanently Different from RAM Magnetic storage o o Floppy and hard drive. Uses a magnet to access data. CD and DVD drives, Blue-Ray. Uses a laser to access data.

Optical storage o o

Floppy-disk drive Stores data on removable 3.5-inch-diameter diskettes. Typical Capacity 1.4MB

Zip-disk drive: Stores data on floppy-disk cartridges with 70-170 times the capacity of the standard floppy. SHAH ZAIB BS (TE 1ST ) CMS ID# 17336 3

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

ZIP DISK Hard-disk drive: o A storage device that stores billions of characters of data on a non-removable disk platter. o Capacity 40GB-500GB or even more.

FLOPPY DISK

CD (Compact Disk) drive or DVD (Digital Video Disk) drive o A storage device that uses laser technology to read data from optical disks. o o 700MB for CD. 1.4 to 17 GB for DVD. Optical disc storage. High-definition video and data storage. Same physical dimensions as standard DVDs and CDs. Currently Up to 50GB capacity.

Blue Ray o o o o

Output:
o o Sound Card: o o Coverts audio signal from digital to analog and vice versa Both Input and Output device Output hardware. Devices which translate info. processed by the computer into a form that humans can understand.

Speakers: SHAH ZAIB BS (TE 1ST ) CMS ID# 17336 4

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING o The devices that play sounds transmitted as electrical signals from the sound card.

Video card: o Converts the processors output information into a video signal that can be sent through a cable to the monitor. Monitor: o The display device that takes the electrical signals from the video card and forms an image using points of colored light on the screen. Printer: An output device that produces text and graphics on paper. COMMUNICATION: Modem: A device that sends and receives data over telephone lines to and from computers. Network Interface card (NIC): Controls the flow of data on a network link.

Motherboard connects:
o o o The main printed circuit board in the computer. Everything connects to the motherboard. Expansion slots - plugs on the motherboard for expanding the PCs capabilities via additional circuit boards.

How does everything connect?

SHAH ZAIB

BS (TE 1ST )

CMS ID# 17336

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

Put all the hardware together and:

SHAH ZAIB

BS (TE 1ST )

CMS ID# 17336

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING
What is Left? Power Inside system cabinet

SHAH ZAIB

BS (TE 1ST )

CMS ID# 17336