abscissa The first element in a coordinate pair.

When graphed in the coordinate plane, i t is the distance from the y-axis. Frequently called the x coordinate. absolute value The distance of a number from zero; the positive value of a number. acute angle A positive angle measuring less than 90 degrees. acute triangle A triangle with all angles measuring less than 90 degrees. addend A number which is involved in addition. Numbers being added are considered to b e the addends. addition Calculating a sum by adding two or more numbers. additive inverse The additive inverse of any number x is the number that gives zero when added to x. Example: the additive inverse of 5 is -5. adjacent angles Two angles that share both a side and a vertex. algebra A branch of mathematics in which variables are substituted for unknown values to solve a particular problem. algorithm A step-by-step procedure for carrying out computation. alternate angles Two angles that are in opposite locations when lines are cut by a transversal. altitude Length from the uppermost point of a triangle to the line opposite. angle The union of two rays with a common endpoint, called the vertex. annulus The portion of a plane bounded by two concentric circles in the plane. antiderivative An antiderivative of a function <C>f<c> is a function <C>F<c> whose derivative i s equal to <C>f<c>, i.e., <C>F'=f<c>. approximate Estimate. arc A portion of the circumference of a circle. area The number of square units covering a shape or figure. arithmetic Method of computing using addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. arithmetic sequence A sequence with the difference between two consecutive terms constant. The diffe rence is called the common difference. array A set of numbers that will follow a specific pattern. An orderly arrangement of ten in rows, columns or a matrix. associative property When performing an operation on three or more numbers, the result is unchanged b y the way the numbers are grouped. associative property of addition (a+b)+c=a+(b+c) associative property of multiplication (a*b)*c=a*(b*c) asymptote On a graph, a line which is approached by a curve but never reached. attribute A characteristic to describe an object usually within a pattern. The attribute

usually refers to the shape, size, or color. average A number that represents the characteristics of a data set, calculated by adding a group of numbers then dividing by the number of elements in that group. axiom A basic assumption about a mathematical system from which theorems can be deduce d. For example, the system could be the points and lines in the plane. Then an axiom would be that given any two distinct points in the plane, there is a uniq ue line through them. axis The horizontal and vertical lines that form the quadrants of the coordinate plan e. The horizontal axis is usually called the x-axis, the vertical axis is usual ly called the y-axis. axis of symmetry A line that passes through a figure in such a way that the part of the figure on one side of the line is a mirror reflection of the part on the other side of th e line. base 1. The bottom of a plane figure or three-dimensional figure. 2. The number that is raised to various powers to generate the principal counting units of a numbe r system. base 10 the numbering system in common use, in which each place to the left or right of the decimal represents a power of 10. bar graph A visual representation of horizontal and vertical bars or lines to represent da ta. bell curve The shape of the graph that indicates the normal distribution. benchmark Point of reference used in estimation. binomial A polynomial with two terms. Example:(2x+3) binomial distribution In probability, a binomial distribution gives the probabilities of k outcomes A (or n-k outcomes B) in n independent trials for a two-outcome experiment in whic h the possible outcomes are denoted A and B. binomial theorem In mathematics, a theorem that specifies the complete expansion of a binomial ra ised to any positive integer power. bisect To divide into two congruent parts. box-and-whiskers plot A type of graph used in data management particularly useful in showing the sprea d of the distribution of the data. broken-line graph A type of graph used in data management where the data points are joined by line segments. calculate To compute or simplify. calculator A machine used for computation. calculus The branch of mathematics involving derivatives and integrals. The study of mot ion in which changing values are studied. capacity The amount a container holds. cardinal number A whole number, used to answer the question "how many?" Cartesian coordinates

A system in which points on a plane are identified by an ordered pair of numbers , representing the distances to two or three perpendicular axes. Celsius A temperature scale in which water freezes at 0<E>o<e> and boils at 100<E>o<e>. census Information gathered from all people in a population. centiIn the metric system, a prefix meaning hundredth. central angle An angle that has its vertex at the center of a circle. center of rotation The point around which an object is rotated. Chain Rule A formula for the derivative of the composite of two functions: <C>(f o g)'=f' o g*g'<c> chord A line segment that connects two points on a curve. circle The set of points in a plane that are a fixed distance from a given point, calle d the center. circle graph A pictorial way of displaying how an entire thing, represented by the circle's i nterior, is distributed. circumference The distance around a circle. closed curve A string of connected points in which the beginning of the string joins the end of the string. coefficient A constant that multiplies a variable. collinear Points are collinear if they lie on the same line. combination A selection in which order has no importance. combine To join, or bring together. commission Earnings based on the amount of total sales. common denominator A denominator shared by two or more fractions. common factor A factor of two or more numbers. common multiple A multiple of two or more numbers. commutative property The order of numbers in a calculation does not affect the result. commutative property of addition a+b=b+a commutative property of multiplication a*b=b*a compass An instrument used for drawing circles, describing circles, or measuring distanc es. Consists of two hinged, movable legs. compatible numbers Numbers that are easy to manipulate mentally. Example: 25*4, 8+2 compensation Adjusting an estimated answer up or down to more closely approximate the value. complement The difference between a right angle and the angle. complementary angles

Two angles whose sum is 90<E>o<e>. complement set A set whose elements do not belong to a given set. complex numbers Numbers that have the form <C>a+bi<c> where <C>a<c> and <C>b<c> are real numbers and <C>i<c> satisfies the equation <C>i<E>2<e>=-1<c>. composite A natural number that is not prime. compound bar graph A bar graph that compares two or more quantities simultaneously. compound event The outcome of a probability experiment that involves more than one object. Exa mple: when you roll two dice and the result is a 5 on one and a 2 on the other, this is a compound event. compound inequality Two or more inequalities that may have a common solution. concave polygon A polygon with at least one interior angle with measure greater than 180<E>o<e>. concentric With reference to circles, having the same center. cone A three-dimensional figure with a circular base and one vertex. congruent Angles or figures that have the same size and shape. conic section The section formed by the intersection of a plane and a cone. conjecture An educated guess. consecutive Following, in succession, without interruption. consistent system A system of equations that has at least one solution. constant A fixed value that does not change. convex polygon A polygon with each interior angle measuring less than 180<E>o<e>. coordinate A number in an ordered pair that names the location of a point on the coordinate plane. The first number in the ordered pair is called the abscissa and the sec ond number is the ordinate. coordinate plane The plane determined by a horizontal number line, called the x-axis, and a verti cal number line, called the y-axis, intersecting at a point called the origin. Each point in the coordinate plane can be specified by an ordered pair of number s. coplanar Points that lie within the same plane. correlation A type of relationship between two variables. Two variables may be related as a positive correlation, a negative correlation, or illustrate no correlation. corresponding angles Angles that have the same relative positions. cosecant In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the hypotenuse to the length of the opposite side; the reciprocal of the sine. cosine In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length of the hypotenuse. cotangent In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length

of the opposite side; the reciprocal of the tangent. counting numbers The natural numbers, or the numbers used to count. counting principle If a first event has n outcomes and a second event has m outcomes, then the firs t event followed by the second event has n times m outcomes. Cramer's Rule A theorem in linear algebra, which gives the solution of a system of linear equa tions in terms of determinants. cross multiply In a proportion, to rewrite the equation so that the product of the means equals the product of the extremes. cross product A product found by multiplying the numerator of one fraction by the denominator of another fraction and the denominator of the first fraction by the numerator o f the second. cube A solid figure with six square faces. cube root A number that when cubed (taken to the power of 3) gives the original number. cubic Having the shape of a cube. When referring to volume, describing in terms of th e volume of a cube with the indicated length edge. curve The graphic representation of an algebraic equation; a connected set of points. cylinder A three-dimensional figure having two parallel bases that are congruent circles. data Gathered information. decimal number The numbers in the base 10 number system, having one or more places to the right of a decimal point. decimal point A symbol (looking exactly like a period) used to separate the whole number part (on the left) from the fractional part (on the right). degree A unit of measure for angles equal to 1/360 of a full circle. denominator The bottom part of a fraction. density Mass per unit volume of a substance. dependent events Two events in which the outcome of the second is influenced by the outcome of th e first. dependent system The equations of a system are dependent if all the solutions of one equation are also solutions of the other equation. depreciation A decrease in value. derivative A measurement of how a function changes when the values of its inputs change. determinant A function depending on <C>n<c> that associates a scalar, <C>det(A)<c>, to every <C>nn<c> square matrix <C>A<c>. diagonal A line segment connecting two nonadjacent vertices in a polygon. diagram A figure, usually a line drawing, that illustrates a geometrical theorem. diameter A line segment joining two points on a circle and passing through the center of

the circle. difference The result of subtracting two numbers. digit The ten symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The number 215 has three dig its: 2, 1, and 5. dilatation The enlargement or reduction of a plane figure. dimension A facet, aspect, or side of an object. directrix A fixed line associated with a parabola. discriminant In algebra, the discriminant of a polynomial with real or complex coefficients i s a certain expression in the coefficients of the polynomial which is equal to z ero if and only if the polynomial has a multiple root (i.e. a root with multipli city greater than one) in the complex numbers. distance Length, as between two points. distributive property a(b+c)=ab+ac divide To perform the operation of division. dividend In <F><C>a<c>/b<f>=c, <C>a<c> is the dividend. divisible Capable of being evenly divided by a number, without a remainder. division The process of dividing two numbers. divisor In <F>a/<C>b<c><f>=c, <C>b<c> is the divisor. domain The set of all first coordinates in a function. double To multiply by 2; determine twice as much. e Representation of the number (2.7182818...) used as the base for natural logarit hms. edge The line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet. element A member of a set. eliminate To remove, to get rid of. ellipse The set of all points in a plane such that the sum of the distances to two fixed points is a constant. empty set A set that contains no elements. endpoint On a ray, segment, arc, or vector, a point at which the curve begins or ends; a point which touches only one other point on the curve. equals To be the same in value (symbol: <C>=<c>). equation A mathematical statement that says that two expressions have the same value; any number sentence with an <C>=<c>. equidistant The same distance. equilateral

A figure containing all equal sides. equilateral triangle A triangle that has three equal sides. equivalent Two or more expressions that have the same value. equivalent equations Two equations with the same solutions. equivalent fractions Fractions that reduce to the same number. error of measurement The difference between an approximate measurement and the actual measure taken. estimate An approximate calculation of a value. Euler's formula A formula relating the number of vertices (V), faces (F) and edges (E) of a poly hedron. (V+F-E=2) evaluate To substitute number values into an expression. even number A natural number that is evenly divisible by 2. event In probability, a set of outcomes. expanded notation Method of writing numbers as the sum of powers of ten or as the sum of its units , tens, hundreds, etc. exponent A number that indicates the operation of repeated multiplication. exponential function A function in which the base e, the base of the natural logs, is raised to some power. expression A mathematical symbol, or combination of symbols, representing a value, or relat ion. Example:2+2=4 exterior angle of a polygon The angle outside a polygon formed by extending one of its sides. face A flat surface of a three-dimensional figure. factor One of two or more expressions that are multiplied together to get a product. factor tree A diagram representing a systematic way of determining all the prime factors of a number. factoring To break a number into its factors. Fahrenheit Temperature scale in which water boils at 212<E>o<e> and freezes at 32<E>o<e>. Fibonacci Sequence A sequence whereby each number is the sum of the two numbers preceding it. figure Two dimensional shapes are often referred to as figures. finite Not infinite. Finite has an end. flip A reflection of a two dimensional shape, a mirror image of a shape. focus Imaginary point used in parabolas, hyperbolas, and ellipses. FOIL A technique for distributing two binomials. The letters <C>FOIL<c> stand for <C> F<c>irst, <C>O<c>uter, <C>I<c>nner, <C>L<c>ast. First means multiply the terms w hich occur first in each binomial, Outer means multiply the outermost terms in t

he product, Inner means multiply the innermost terms, and Last means multiply th e terms which occur last in each binomial. formula An equation that states a rule or a fact. fraction A number used to name a part of a group or a whole. The number below the divisi on line is the denominator, and the number above the division line is the numera tor. frequency The number of times a particular item occurs in a data set. frequency table A data listing which also lists the frequencies of the data. function A set of ordered pairs where each first element is paired with one and only one second element and no element in either pair is without a partner. Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Every polynomial equation having complex coefficients and degree >= 1 has at lea st one complex root. f(x) The symbol for a function; the way one reads the symbol for a function with inde pendent variable x. GCF <C>G<c>reatest <C>C<c>ommon <C>F<c>actor; the largest number that divides two or more numbers evenly. geometric sequence A sequence with the ratio between two consecutive terms constant. This ratio is called the common ratio. geometry The study of lines, angles, shapes and their properties. Geometry is concerned with physical shapes and the dimensions of the objects. golden rectangle A rectangle where the ratio of its length to its width is <F>(1+<R>5<r>)/2<f> :1 (about 1.618:1). gradian A unit of measure for angles equal to 1/400 of a full circle. graph A visual representation of data. greatest common factor The largest number that divides two or more numbers evenly. greatest integer function The function which produces the greatest integer less than or equal to the numbe r operated upon. grouping symbols Parentheses, brackets, braces, or fraction bars used to group together terms of an expression. half Either of the two quantities or pieces created when something is divided into 2 equal pieces. height The dimension used to describe the length from lowest point to highest point; ho w tall something is. hexagon A polygon that has six angles and six sides. histogram A type of statistical graph that uses bars, where each bar represents a range of values and the data is continuous. horizontal A line with zero slope. hyperbola A curved line where the difference of the distances from imaginary points (foci)

to each point on the curve is constant. hypotenuse The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle. identity A number that when operating with it on any other number leaves the number uncha nged. identity property of addition The sum of any number and 0 is that number. identity property of multiplication The product of 1 and any number is that number. image The result of a transformation on an object. imaginary number An even root of a negative number; the square root of -1 is symbolized by i. implicit differentiation An application of the chain rule allowing one to calculate the derivative of a f unction given implicitly. improper fraction A fraction with a numerator that is greater than the denominator. inclusive Including the ends. Example: List the odd numbers from 3 to 9, inclusive: 3, 5, 7, 9 inconsistent system A system of equations is inconsistent if it does not have a solution. increase An addition. independent events Two events in which the outcome of the second is not affected by the outcome of the first. independent system The equations of a system are independent if they share only one solution - the point of intersection. indeterminate form In calculus and other branches of mathematical analysis, an indeterminate form i s an algebraic expression whose limit cannot be evaluated by substituting the li mits of the subexpressions. index The superscript at the beginning of a radical sign indicating the root to be tak en, or extracted. inequality A mathematical expression which shows that two quantities are not equal. infinity A limitless quantity. inscribed angle An angle placed inside a circle with its vertex on the circle and whose sides co ntain chords of the circle. inscribed polygon A polygon placed inside a circle so that each vertex of the polygon touches the circle. integer A whole number in the set of numbers containing zero, the natural numbers, and a ll of the negatives of the natural numbers. integral Given a function <C>f(x)<c> of a real variable <C>x<c> and an interval <C>[a,b]< c> of the real line, the integral <C><A>integral,a,b,f(x),x<a><c> is equal to th e area of a region in the xy-plane bounded by the graph of <C>f<c>, the x-axis, and the vertical lines <C>x=a<c> and <C>x=b<c>, with areas below the x-axis bein g subtracted. intercept The x-intercept of a line or curve is the point where it crosses the x-axis, and

the y-intercept of a line or curve is the point where it crosses the y-axis. intercepted arc The arc of a circle within an inscribed angle. interest Amount paid or received for the loaning of money or the borrowing of money. interior angles of a polygon Angles within a polygon formed by the intersection of two sides. interpolation A method for estimating values that lie between two known values. intersect With lines or curves, to cross or have a point in common. intersecting lines Lines that have only one point in common. intersection With sets, the operation that creates a new set containing only those elements c ommon to the original sets. interval A set of values between two endpoints. inverse Opposite. -5 is the additive inverse of 5, because their sum is zero. <F>1/3<f> is the multiplicative inverse of 3, because their product is 1. inverse operations Two operations that have the opposite effect, such as addition and subtraction. irrational number A number that cannot be expressed as the ratio of two integers. isosceles A polygon with two sides equal in length. isosceles triangle A triangle with at least two equal sides. kilometer A unit of measure that equals 1000 meters. knot A curve formed by an interlacing piece of spring by joining the ends. LCD <C>L<c>east <C>C<c>ommon <C>D<c>enominator; the smallest multiple of the denomin ators of two or more fractions. LCM <C>L<c>east <C>C<c>ommon <C>M<c>ultiple; the smallest non-zero number that is a multiple of two or more numbers. least common denominator The smallest multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions. least common multiple The smallest non-zero number that is a multiple of two or more numbers. length Measure of distance; a dimension of a solid or rectangle. l Hospital s Rule Rule that uses derivatives to help compute limits with indeterminate forms. like fractions Fractions that have the same denominator. like terms Terms that have the same variables raised to the same exponent. Example: 3x<E>2 <e> and -2x<E>2<e>. limit A number that a function approaches as the independent variable of the function approaches a given value. line A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions. linear equation An equation whose graph is a line, that is, an equation that has a degree of one . Example: y = 3x - 2

line of symmetry Line that divides a geometric figure into two congruent portions. line segment Two points on a line, and all the points between those two points. locus A path of points. log Abbreviation of logarithm. logarithm The exponent of the power to which a base number must be raised to equal a given number. Example: 2 is the logarithm of 100 to the base 10 (2=log<S>10<s>100). (10 must be raised to the power of 2 in order to equal 100) logarithmic function Rule that returns for each argument the exponent to which the base must be raise d in order to get the argument; the inverse of the exponential function. logic The study of sound reasoning. lowest terms Simplest form; when the GCF of the numerator and the denominator of a fraction i s 1. major arc The larger of 2 arcs created when a circle is intersected at two points. mantissa Nonintegral, decimal part of a logarithm. matrix A rectangular array of numbers, algebraic symbols, or mathematical functions. maximum (max) Largest. mean In a data set, the sum of all the data points, divided by the number of data poi nts; average. measure Dimension, capacity. median The middle number in a data set when the data are put in order. midpoint A point on a line segment that divides the segment into two congruent segments. minimum (min) Smallest. minor arc The smaller of two arcs made by the two point intersection of a circle. minuend In subtraction, the number which is decreased. minus Subtract; decrease by; lessen by. minute A unit of measure for angles equal to 1/60 of a degree. mixed number A number written as a whole number and a fraction. mode The number (or numbers) that occurs most frequently in a set of data. monomial A number, a variable or a product of numbers and variables. multiple A multiple of a number is the product of that number and any other whole number. Zero is a multiple of every number. multiplication The process of repeating additions of the same number. multiplicative inverse The reciprocal of a number.

multiply To compute a product; to perform a multiplication. mutually exclusive events Two or more events that cannot occur at the same time. natural logarithm A logarithm that has e as a base. natural numbers The counting numbers. negative number A real number that is less than zero. net A plane figure obtained by opening and flattening a 3-D object. norm The mean or the average - an established pattern or form. normal Perpendicular. nth root The n<E>th<e> root of a number is the number needed to multiply by itself <C>n<c > times in order to get that number. Example: the 4<E>th<e> root of 3 is 81 bec ause 3*3*3*3=81. number line A line on which every point represents a real number, usually increasing in valu e from left to right. numeral A written symbol referring to a number. numerator The top part of a fraction. numeric Referring to a number or numbers. oblique angle An angle that is neither a right, acute or obtuse angle. obtuse angle An angle whose measure is greater than 90<E>o<e>. obtuse triangle A triangle with an obtuse angle. octagon A polygon with 8 sides. odd number A whole number that is not evenly divisible by 2. odds The ratio of the probability that an event will occur compared with the probabil ity of it not occurring. operation Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are the basic arithmetic ope rations. operator The symbol that expresses the operation to be performed. opposites Two numbers that are located the same distance from 0 on the number line but in opposite directions. The sum of opposite numbers is 0. ordered pair Set of two numbers in which the order has an agreed-upon meaning, such as the Ca rtesian coordinates (x, y), where the first coordinate represents the horizontal position, and the second coordinate represents the vertical position. order of operations A set of rules for the order in which to solve mathematical problems. Start by multiplying and dividing, then adding and subtracting, always working within par entheses first. ordinal number A number used to indicate place or position within a set or group.

ordinate The second element in a coordinate pair. When graphed in the coordinate plane, it is the distance from the x-axis. Frequently called the y coordinate. origin The point (0, 0) on a coordinate plane, where the x-axis and the y-axis intersec t. outcome In probability, a possible result of an experiment. parabola Set of points equally distant from a focus and a directrix. parallel Two lines are parallel if they are in the same plane and never intersect. parallelogram A quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel. parentheses Marks of inclusion (symbols: <C>(<c> and <C>)<c>). Parentheses is the plural fo rm of parenthesis. parenthesis Marks of inclusion (symbols: <C>(<c> and <C>)<c>). pentagon A five-sided polygon. percent A fraction or ratio in which the denominator is assumed to be 100. The symbol <C >%<c> is used for percent. perfect square A whole number that is the square of an integer. Example: 16 is a perfect squar e because 4*4=16. perimeter The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon. permutation A way to arrange things in which order is important. perpendicular Two lines are perpendicular if the angle between them is 90<E>o<e>. Pi The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter (symbol: <C>`<c>), eq ualing 3.1415926... plane A flat surface that stretches into infinity. plane of symmetry A plane that divides a 3-D object into 2 parts, each a mirror image of the other . plot To draw or graph a point on a number line or on a coordinate plane. plus Symbol indicating addition (symbol: <C>+<c>). point A location in a plane or in space, having no dimensions. point-slope equation of a line An equation of the form <C>y-y<S>1<s>=m(x-x<S>1<s>)<c>, where <C>m<c> is the slo pe and <C>(x<S>1<s>, y<S>1<s>)<c> is a point on the line. polar Expressed in terms of distance (from a point called the pole) and angle (with a ray as the initial side of the angle). polygon A closed plane figure made up of several line segments that are joined together. polyhedron A three-dimensional solid that is bounded by plane polygons. polynomial An algebraic expression consisting of one or more summed terms, each term consis ting of a constant multiplier and one or more variables raised to integral power

s. polynomial equation An equation of the form P(x)=0, where P(x) is a polynomial. population In statistics, population refers to the entire group about which data are being collected. positive number A real number greater than zero. power A number that indicates the operation of repeated multiplication. prime A number whose only factors are itself and 1. prime factorization Calculation of all prime factors in a number. principal In business, the amount lent or borrowed. prism A geometric solid with two bases that are congruent, parallel polygons and all o ther faces are parallelograms. probability For an experiment, the total number of successful events divided by the total nu mber of possible events. product The result of two numbers being multiplied together. Product Rule In calculus, the product rule (also called Leibniz's law) governs the differenti ation of products of differentiable functions. It may be stated as: (<O>fogmode ,fog<o>)'=f'*g+f*g' proper fraction A fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator. proportion An equation of fractions in the form: <F>a/b<f>=<F>c/d<f> proportional A statement of equality in which each member is a fraction. protractor A device for measuring angles. pyramid A three-dimensional figure that has a polygon for a base and all of the faces ar e triangles having a common vertex. Pythagorean Theorem The theorem that relates the three sides of a right triangle: a<E>2<e>+b<E>2<e>= c<E>2<e> quadrant One of the quarters of the plane of the Cartesian coordinate system. quadratic equation A polynomial equation of the second degree. The general form is <C>ax<E>2<e>+bx+ x=0<c>, where <C>a$0<c>. quadratic formula <C>x=<F>-b\<R>b<E>2<e>-4ac<r>/2a<f><c> quadrilateral A polygon with four sides. quadruple To multiply or to be multiplied by 4. qualitative A general description of properties that cannot be written in numbers. quantity An amount; a number or expression having value. quartic A polynomial having a degree of 4. quartile

Any one of the values in a frequency distribution that divides the distribution into four parts of equal frequency. quintic A polynomial having a degree of 5. quotient The answer to a division problem. Quotient Rule In calculus, the quotient rule is a method of finding the derivative of a functi on that is the quotient of two other functions for which derivatives exist. radian In angle measure, 2` of a revolution. radical A root sign (symbol: <C><R> <r><c>). radicand The number under the inclusion bar of the radical sign. radius The distance from the center to a point on a circle; the line segment from the c enter to a point on a circle. random A number chosen without definite aim, reason, or pattern. range In statistics, the difference between the largest and the smallest numbers in a data set. rate A ratio that compares different kinds of units. ratio A pair of numbers that compares different types of units. rational expression The quotient of two polynomials. rational number A number that can be expressed as the ratio of two integers. ray Part of a line, containing one endpoint and extending to infinity in one directi on. real numbers The combined set of rational numbers and irrational numbers. reciprocal The number which, when multiplied times a particular fraction, gives a result of 1. rectangle A quadrilateral with four 90<E>o<e> angles. reference angle In trigonometry, an acute angle which may be used as a reference or to compute t he trigonometric functions of non-acute angles. reflection A transformation resulting from a flip. reflex angle An angle whose measure is between 180<E>o<e> and 360<E>o<e>. regular polygon A polygon in which all the angles are equal and all of the sides are equal. remainder The portion of the dividend that is not evenly divisible by the divisor. repeating decimal A decimal in which the digits endlessly repeat a pattern. rhombus A parallelogram with four equal sides. right angle An angle whose measure is 90<E>o<e>. right triangle A triangle that contains a right angle.

rise The vertical change between two points used to determine the slope of a line. root The root of an equation is the same as the solution to the equation. rotation A transformation in which a figure is rotated through a given angle, about a poi nt. run The horizontal change between two points used to determine the slope of a line. sample Refers to a representative portion of the population from which information is g athered. sample space For an experiment, the sample space includes all the possible outcomes. scale drawing A drawing that is a reduction or enlargement of the original. scale factor The ratio of a distance measured on a scale drawing to the corresponding distanc e measured on the actual object. scalene triangle A triangle with three unequal sides. scattergram A graph with points plotted on a coordinate plane. scientific notation A method for writing extremely large or small numbers compactly in which the num ber is shown as the product of two factors. secant Ratio of the hypotenuse to the adjacent side of a right-angled triangle. secant of circle A line that intersects a circle in two points. second A unit of measure for angles equal to 1/60 of a minute. secondary data Data obtained indirectly from sources such as a book or computer database. sector An area between an arc and two radiuses of a circle. Sometimes referred to as a wedge. segment A piece of a line with two endpoints. sequence A set of numbers, called terms, arranged in some particular order. set A well-defined group of objects. similar Two polygons are similar if their corresponding sides are proportional. simplest form (lowest terms) A fraction is in simplest form if both its numerator and denominator are whole n umbers and their only common factor is 1. simplified fraction A fraction in simplest form. sine In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle to t he length of the hypotenuse. simplifying Reducing to lowest terms. skew lines Lines that are not in the same plane and that do not intersect. slope The steepness of a line expressed as a ratio, using any two points on the line. slope-intercept

An equation of the form <C>y=mx+b<c>, where <C>m<c> is the slope and <C>b<c> is the y-intercept. solution The value of a variable that makes an equation true. sphere A three-dimensional figure with all points in space a fixed distance from a give n point, called the center. spreadsheet A computer generated arrangement of data in rows and columns. square A quadrilateral with four equal sides and four 90<E>o<e> angles. square root The square root of x is the number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the nu mber x. standard deviation A statistic that measures the dispersion of a sample. standard notation Decimal notation. statistics The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data. stem-and-leaf plot In statistics, a way of recording, organizing and displaying numerical data so t hat the original data remains intact. straight angle An angle that measures 180<E>o<e>. subset A set that forms one part of a larger set. subtraction The process of finding the difference between two numbers. sum The result of adding numbers. superset A set that consists of a collection of smaller subsets. supplementary angles Two angles are supplementary if their sum is 180<E>o<e>. surface area For a three-dimensional figure, the sum of the areas of all the faces. symmetry A correspondence of parts. system of equations A collection of two or more equations with a same set of unknowns. tangent In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to th e length of the side adjacent to the angle. term Any expression written as a product or quotient. Example: 2xy, 4m<E>2<e>, or -3 x<E>2<e>y<E>3<e>z terminating decimal A fraction whose decimal representation contains a finite number of digits. tessellate The repeated use of geometric figures to completely cover a plane without overla pping. theoretical probability Probability that is determined on the basis of reasoning, not through experiment ation. transformation A change in the position, shape, or size of a geometric figure. translation A transformation, or change in position, resulting from a slide with no turn. transversal

A line that intersects two other lines. trapezoid A quadrilateral that has exactly two sides parallel. tree diagram A diagram that shows outcomes of an experiment. trend The general drift or tendency in a set of data. triangle A three-sided polygon. trigonometry Study of triangles, the measurements of their parts and of angle functions and r elations. trinomial A polynomial consisting of 3 terms. uniform All the same. Having the same size, texture, color, design, etc. union A set containing each of the elements of the two sets which were united. unit A standard quantity used in measurement. Example: an inch is a unit of length, a centimeter is a unit of length, and a pound is a unit of weight. unit circle A circle with a diameter of one. unit price Price per unit of measure. unlike terms Terms with different variables or the same variables raised to different exponen ts. Example: 3x<E>2<e> and 4x<E>3<e> variable A letter used to represent a number value in an expression or an equation. vector Quantity that has magnitude (length) and direction. It may be represented as a directed line segment. Venn Diagram A Venn diagram is often two circles (can be other shapes) that overlap. The ove rlapping part usually contains information that is pertinent to the labels on bo th sides of the Venn diagram. vertex The point on an angle where the two sides intersect. vertical Perpendicular to horizontal; up and down as opposed to left and right. vertical angles A pair of opposite angles that is formed by intersecting lines. vertical line test A way of testing a graphed relation to determine if it is a function. vertically opposite angles Two angles formed by the intersection of two lines. They share a common vertex but no sides or interior points. volume A measurement of space, or capacity. weight A measure of how heavy something is. whole number The set of numbers that includes zero and all of the natural numbers; also calle d integer. width Measure of a (usually horizontal) distance. x-axis The horizontal axis in a Cartesian coordinate plane. x-coordinate

The abscissa. x-intercept The value of x at the point where a line or curve crosses the x-axis. y-axis The vertical axis in a Cartesian coordinate system. y-coordinate The ordinate. y-intercept The value of y at the point where a curve crosses the y-axis. zero The additive identity; the number that, when added to another number n, gives n. zero property of multiplication The product of zero and any number is zero. z-score A standard, normally distributed with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.