ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN SOLUTION

REPORT

By:
Dwinita Ayuningtyas ( X2 / 10) Elizabeth Irianti ( X2 / 10) M. Ariefur Rohman ( X2 / 10) Richa Wahyu A. ( X2 / 10) Tiara Faradina P. ( X2 / 10) Yanuar Alfa T.S. ( X2 / 10)

Electrical Conductivity In Solution

REPORT

Page 2

Electrical Conductivity In Solution

Worship and praise we prayed the presence of god almighty who has guided and directed us, so we can resolve this chemical report. We make this report to refine the experiment on the Electrical Conductivity In Solution weve done a few days ago. This report presented the result of experimental data we get from the experiments. Ultimately as human beings, this report does not escape from the deficiencies. Therefore, suggestions and input from our teacher is expected. Thank you to all those who helped complete this report, may be useful.

Malang, 4 Maret 2010

Author

Electrical Conductivity In Solution

Base Theory:
The solution is a homogeneous system consisting of the solute and solvent. Solvents are often used in dissolving the solute is water. Solute has two properties based on when the current behavior electricity flows. The first trait, the solute can conduct electrical current, so the solution is formed through chemical changes and are able to conduct electrical current. The solution is called electrolyte
REPORT Page 3

Electrical Conductivity In Solution

solution. Second nature, a substance that when dissolved in water can not be conduct electricity and no chemical changes, so the solution formed called non electrolyte solution. All inorganic solvents, good acid, alkaline, or salt having the properties able to conduct electrical current. While all the solutions that come from organic substances such as sugar cane, manosa, glucose, glycerin, ethanol, and urea, not able to conduct electrical current. Electrolyte solution was divided into two kinds, there are: a. Electrolyte strong, the solutions that have electrical conductivity big. Strong electrolyte solution in the perfect ionized water. If tested in a simple electrolyte tester, the lamp will light brightly. Example strong electrolyte solutions such as NaCl solution, KOH, H2SO4, and HCl. b. Electrolyte weak, the solution that has a small conductivity because not all ionized substances, or only ionize part. When tested with a simple electrolyte tester, the lamp will lights dim. Example of a weak electrolyte solution is a solution of vinegar and ammonia.
c. Non electrolyte solution will not be ionized in solution. Ionization

process influenced by the concentration. To distinguish between electrolyte solutions and non electrolyte, can use the degree dissociation (). Degrees dissociation is the fraction of molecules that actually will be dissociation . Alternatively a mole ratio of moles of substance ionized by early substance. Dissociation degrees can be expressed by the formula:

Value of can vary between 0 and 1, with the provision as follows. = 1, the perfect solution = strong electrolyte 0 <<1, solution = some weak electrolyte = 0, the solution is not dissociation = non electrolyte

Purpose
Observed electrical conductivity in solution

Equipment and Material:

REPORT Page 4

Electrical Conductivity In Solution Equipment: Baker glass 250 ml Carbon electrode Battery Lamp Switcher Sandpaper Material: Air keran NH3 C17H35COONa NaCl 0.1 M H2SO4 1 M Asam cuka 0.1 M (CH3COOH Larutan gula 1 M (C12H22O11) Etanol 0.1 M NaOH Air kapur HCl

50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml

Procedure
1. Arrange tools such as the following figure!

2. Place about 50 mL of NaOH solution in a clear beaker 3. Clean electrode with sandpaper 4. Turn on the electrolyte test tool 5. Immerse the electrode in the solution 6. Observe the lamp and electrode, write in observation table 7. Remove the electrode, clean electrode and beaker glass 8. Return the solution 9. Do the steps 1 until 7 with other solution.

REPORT

Page 5

Electrical Conductivity In Solution

Observe Data
experim ent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Solution Tap water NH3 C17H35COO Na NaCl 0.1 M H2SO4 1 M CH3COOH 0.1 M Sugar solution 1 M Etanol 0.1 M NaOH
Whitewash water

Volum e 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml

Light bulb

Bright +

Dimly + +

Doesn t

Bubble

Few Many Many Many Many

+ + + + + + + +

Few Many Many Many

HCl

Data Analysis
Based on electrical conductivity, the solution is divided into 2 groups of solvents electrolyte and non electrolyte solutions. The electrolyte solution containing atoms electrically charged (ions) moving freely, to be able to conduct electricity through the solution. Example: HCl solution HCl solution in water extract cation (H+ ) and anion (Cl- ). Occurrence of electrical transmission HCl solution due to the ion H+ capture electrons at the cathode gas with free gas Hydrogen. While the ions Cl- release electrons to the anode to produce chlorine gas. So the lamp can light Consider the following picture

REPORT

Page 6

Electrical Conductivity In Solution

Based on the experiment data, NH3, NaCl 0.1 M, H2SO4 1 M, NaOH, HCl, tap water, whitewash water, C17H35COONa, CH3COOH 0.1 M can make the lamp light and produce bubble, because it can conduct electricity, so the Substance that can conduct electricity is called substance electrolytes. But NH3, NaCl 0.1 M, H2SO4 1 M, NaOH, HCl can make lamp brightly and produce many bubble. But tap water, C17H35COONa, CH3COOH 0.1 M, whitewash water only make lamp dimly and few bubble. Why this can happen?? Conductivity ion electrolyte solution is determined by a lot or a little amount of ions formed by the ionization process. Ionization process took place as the electrolyte dissolved substances in water and producing ions, ie positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions). Ion-ion These ions will keep moving, carrying an electric charge to the electrodes. This movement cause the solution has electrical conductivity. The more ions present in the solution, the stronger conductivity Electricity. A electrolyte solution electrical conductivity strongly called a strong electrolyte solution, a
solution conductivity is weak called weak electrolyte solution.

So, NH3, NaCl 0.1 M, H2SO4 1 M, NaOH, and HCl called a strong electrolyte solution and tap water, C17H35COONa, CH3COOH 0.1 M called weak electrolyte solution. Sugar solution 1 M and Etanol 0.1 M can make lamp light or produce bubble. So we can conclude that sugar 1 M and Etanol 0.1 M cant conduct electricity, this solution called non electrolyte solution. How about C17H35COONa and Whitewash water (called weak electrolyte solution)? Why these solution can produce many bubble like a strong electrolyte solution! C17H35COONa and Whitewash water is a weak electrolyte solution and only can produce few bubble. But in this experiment produce many bubble, this can result maybe caused by baker glass is not clean or here was still some
previous experiment solution in the baker glass, human error like a eye observation error, and etc

REPORT

Page 7

Electrical Conductivity In Solution

Question
Indicate the symptoms that arise in the electrode if the lights on and not on? 2. Mention the characteristics of the electrolyte and non electrolyte solution? 3. What the solution including electrolytes and non electrolytes?
1.

Answer
1. If the light on the phenomenon that arises is that many gas bubbles around the electrode. but on the other hand, if the light is off will occur two possibilities. that will arise bubbles and bubbles do not arise 2. Characteristics of the electrolyte solution: Can conduct electricity Ionization process occurs (breaks down into ions) The lamp can light bright or dim and produce many bubble or few bubble Characteristics of the electrolyte solution: Cannot conduct electricity Ionization process does not occur Light is not lit and doesnt have bubble/ cant produce bubble
3.

Electrolyte Solution:
NH3

NaCl 0.1 M H2SO4 1 M NaOH HCl tap water

whitewash water C17H35COONa CH3COOH 0.1 M

Non electrolyte Solution: Sugar solution 1 M Etanol 0.1 M

Conclusion
1. Substance that can conduct electricity is called substance electrolytes, whereas

substances that can not deliver electric currents called non electrolyte substances 2. Conductivity ion electrolyte solution is determined by a lot or a little amount of ions formed by the ionization process. The more ions present in the solution, the stronger conductivity Electricity 3. Ionization process took place as the electrolyte dissolved substances in water and producing ions, ie positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions). These

REPORT

Page 8

Electrical Conductivity In Solution

ions will keep moving, carrying an electric charge to the electrodes. This movement cause the solution has electrical conductivity. 4. the substance must undergo reactions electrolyte ionization, whereas the substance cant be experienced non electrolyte ionization reaction
5. Comparison of the properties of electrolyte solutions and nonelectrolyte solution

Electrolyte solution
1. Can conduct electricity

non-Electrolytes solution

1. Cannot conduct electricity 2. Ionization process occurs 2. Ionization process does (breaks down into ions) not occur 3. The lamp can light bright or dim 3. Light is not lit and doesnt and produce many bubble or few have bubble/ cant produce bubble bubble Example: Example: Kitchen salt (NaCl) Sugar solution (C12H22O11) Vinegar (CH3COOH) Ethanol (C2H5OH) Etc. Etc

6. Strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and non electrolytes

Type Solution

Strong Electrolyte s

Weak Electrolyte s

Nature and Other Observation Perfect ionization Conduc t Electric power Bright Light There are many gas bubbles Partially ionized Conduct electricity Dim the Light

Example compound

HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, NaOH

Ionization reaction HCl H+ + ClNaOH Na+ + OHH2SO4 2H+ + SO42KCl K+ + Cl-

CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO HCN H+ + CNAl(OH)3 Al3+ + 3OHPage 9

REPORT

Electrical Conductivity In Solution

Non Electrolyte s

Few gas bubble Non ionized Doesnt conduct current There is no gas bubble

C6H12O6, C12H22O11, CO(NH2)2, and C2H5OH

Referensi:
http://elcom.umy.ac.id/elschool/muallimin_muhammadiyah/file .php/1/materi/Kimia/LARUTAN%20ELEKTROLIT%20DAN%20NON %20ELEKTROLIT.pdf http://darsono-sigit.um.ac.id/wpcontent/uploads/2009/05/percobaan-1.pdf
www.tetonwater.org

REPORT

Page 10

Electrical Conductivity In Solution

Thank you for your attention. If in this report there are any problems which we apologize for the moment. Because we are only human who is not perfect

Akhirul kalam Wassalamualaikum Wr.Wb.

REPORT

Page 11