Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 41 (2004) pp.

903906 c International Academic Publishers

Vol. 41, No. 6, June 15, 2004

Evolution Property of Multisoliton Excitations for a Higher-Dimensional Coupled Burgers System

ZHENG Chun-Long,1,2, and FANG Jian-Ping,1 and CHEN Li-Qun2
1 2

Department of Physics, Zhejiang Lishui Normal College, Lishui 323000, China Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China

(Received October 8, 2003)

Abstract By means of the standard truncated Painlev expansion and a special Bcklund transformation, the highere a dimensional coupled Burgers system (HDCB) is reduced to a linear equation, and an exact multisoliton excitation is derived. The evolution properties of the multisoliton excitation are investigated and some novel features or interesting behaviors are revealed. The results show that after interactions for dromion-dromion, solito-solito, and solitodromion, they are combined with some new types of localized structures, which are similar to classic particles with completely nonelastic behaviors.
PACS numbers: 05.45.Yv, 02.30.Jr, 03.65.Ge

Key words: higher-dimensional coupled Burgers system, multisoliton excitation, dromion In the previous papers,[1,2] the dromion-dromion interaction has been investigated and the result indicates that it is completely elastic. However, the nature is greatly colorful and full of dierent types of structures. Hence, the models, which are devised to explain our nature, may possess all sorts of possible information, which also implies that abundant excitations with unrevealed novel evolution properties may exist for the physical models. Along this line, we can deduce that the evolution for dromiondromion may also possess some novel properties like completely nonelastic behaviors for some models even though the interaction for dromion-dromion is completely elastic in previous models. To prove our viewpoint, we take a higher-dimensional coupled Burgers system (HDCB),[3] ut = uxx + uyy + 2uux + 2vuy , vt = vxx + vyy + 2uvx + 2vvy , (1) (2)

As is known, to solve a nonlinear physical model, we can use dierent approaches. One of the powerful methods is the truncated Painlev expansion,[4] which is widely ape plied in some signicant physical models.[59] Now according to the standard truncated Painlev expansion procee dure, we can take the following PainlevBcklund transe a formation to u and v in Eqs. (1) and (2),
1

u=
j=0 2

uj f j1 , vj f j2 ,
j=0

v=

(3)

where u1 and v2 are arbitrary seed solutions of the HDCB system. By using the leading term analysis, we obtain 1 = 1 , 2 = 1 . (4) Substituting Eqs. (3) and (4) directly into Eqs. (1) and (2) and considering the fact that the functions u1 and v1 are seed solutions of the original model yield
2

as a concrete example. Because a detailed physical background of the HDCB system has been given in Ref. [3], we neglect the corresponding description. In this short communication, starting from the standard truncated Painlev expansion and a special Bcklund e a transformation (PBT), we derive an exact multisoliton excitation rst. Then the evolution properties of the multisoliton excitation are discussed and some novel features or interesting behaviors are revealed: after their interactions for dromion-dromion, solito-solito and solito-dromion, they are combined with some new types of localized structures, which are very similar to classic particles with completely nonelastic behaviors.

P1i f i3 = 0 ,
i=0 2

P2i f i3 = 0 ,
i=0

(5)

where P1i , P2i are the functions of {uj , vj , f, j = 0} and their derivatives. Thanks to the complexity of the expression of P1i and P2i , we omit their concrete forms. Regarding the leading terms of Eqs. (5) to vanish, the functions

The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10172056, the Natural Science Foundation of Zhengjiang Province of China, and the Foundation of Zhejiang Lishui College under Grant Nos. KZ03009 and KZ03005 Correspondence author, Email: zjclzheng@yahoo.com.cn Mailing address

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Vol. 41

{uj , vj , j = 0} are determined. Inserting the above results into Eq. (3) and rewriting its form, the PainlevBcklund e a transformation becomes u = (ln f )x + u1 , v = (ln f )y + v1 , (6)

for potential U = uy rather than the physical eld u, then we can derive U = (ln f )xy . (12) As there is some arbitrariness of the function f , U obviously possesses rich structures such as the multi-solito solutions, multi-dromion, and dromion lattices solutions.[5] Now we pay our attention to the evolution behavior of the multisoliton for the (2+1)-dimensional HDCB system. In order to see the behaviors among multi-solitons more concretely and visually, we investigate some special examples by xing the arbitrary constants of function f . We rst discuss the property of dromion-dromion interaction. As is known, the dromion solution which is localized exponentially in all directions can be driven by multiple straight-line and curved-line ghost solitons. The simple selections for the functions H and G of Eq. (9) can be taken as,[1,2]
M

where u1 and v1 are arbitrary seed solutions of the HDCB system. Choosing the trivial vacuum solutions u1 = 0 and w1 = 0 as seeds, then substituting Eq. (6) into Eqs. (1) and (2), through some tedious calculations, one obtains a simple line equation, fxx + fyy ft = 0 . (7)

After obtaining the linear equation of the original system, one of eective ways is to choose an exponential form for f,
M

f =1+
i=1

exp(i ) +
j<i

Aij exp(i + j ) (8)

H =1+
i=1 N

exp[Ki (x + t) + x0i ] ,

(13)

+
k<j<i

Aij Aik Ajk exp(i + j + k ) + ,

G=1+
j=1

exp[kj (y + t) + y0j ] ,

(14)

where i = ki x + li y + i t + 0 i and M is an integer. Certainly, we may also select an appropriate variable separation hypothesis for the function f . For many integrable models,[8] it can be chosen as a modifying Horitas multisoliton form[10] for f , f = a0 + a1 H(x, t) + a2 G(y, t) + a3 H(x, t)G(y, t) , (9) where the variable separation functions H(x, t) H and G(y, t) G are only functions of {x, t} and {y, t} respectively, a0 , a1 , a2 , and a3 are arbitrary constants. Inserting the ansatz (9) into Eq. (7) yields two rather simple variable separated equations Ht Hxx = 0 , Gt Gyy = 0 . (10)

where Ki , kj , x0i , and y0j are arbitrary constants and M , N are positive integers. If selecting the constants of f as M = N = 2, k1 = l1 = k2 = l2 = 1 , 01 = 01 = 02 = 02 = 0 , (15)

According to Eqs. (9) and (10), one can straightforward obtain a general exponential solution to f ,
M

then we can derive a combined local coherent structure depicted in Fig. 1. Here we set a0 = 4.5, a1 = a2 = a3 = 1 in expression (12). From Fig. 1, we can see that after their collision, two dromions have been combined into one dromion. These novel phenomena indicate that the dromion-dromion interaction is completely nonelastic, which is very similar to the completely nonelastic collisions between two classical particles. Along with this line and taking similar analysis, when taking M = N = 2, k1 = l1 = k2 = l2 = 1 ,

f = a0 + a1
i=1 N

exp[ki (x + ki t) + 0i ]

+ a2
j=1 M

exp[lj (y + lj t) + 0j ]
N 2 2 exp[ki x + lj y + (ki + lj )t + 0i + 0j ] , (11) i=1 j=1

01 = 01 = 02 = 02 = 1 , a0 = 10 , a1 = a2 = a3 = 1 , M = N = 2, k1 = l1 = k2 = l2 = 1 , 01 = 01 = 02 = 02 = 1 , a0 = 20 , a1 = a2 = a3 = 1 , (17) (16)

+ a3

where ki , lj , 0i , and 0j are arbitrary constants, M and N are positive integers. Substituting Eq. (11) into Eq. (6), one can obtain a multisoliton excitation of the HDCB system directly. In Ref. [11], it was pointed out that the Burgers-type system possesses some special types of coherent structures

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Evolution Property of Multisoliton Excitations for a Higher-Dimensional Coupled Burgers System

905

one can nd that solito-solito interaction and dromionsolito interaction are also completely nonelastic. The

corresponding plots are depicted in Figs. 2 and 3, respectively.

Fig. 1 The evolution of dromion-dromion interaction for the potential U (12) with the conditions (11) and (15) at times: (a) t = 10; (b) t = 1; (c) t = 5; (d) t = 10, respectively.

Fig. 2 The evolution of solito-solito interaction for the excitation (12) with conditions (11) and (16) at times: (a) t = 5; (b) t = 0; (c) t = 5; (d) t = 10, respectively.

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ZHENG Chun-Long, FANG Jian-Ping, and CHEN Li-Qun

Vol. 41

Fig. 3 The evolution of dromion-solito interaction for the potential U (12) with conditions (11) and (17) at times: (a) t = 10; (b) t = 0; (c) t = 5; (d) t = 20, respectively.

In summary, by means of the standard truncated Painlev expansion and a PainlevBcklund transformation, we e e a obtain an exact multisoliton excitation of a higher-dimensional coupled Burgers system. Based on the multisoliton excitation, many localized coherent soliton structures of Eq. (12) can be constructed by selecting appropriate arbitrary constants. The evolution properties among some local structures for (2+1)-dimensional HDCB system are discussed and the results show novel properties and interesting behaviors: the interactions between dromion-dromion, solitosolito and dromion-solito may be completely nonelastic even though they are completely elastic behaviors in some previous papers. Why does the evolution property of multisoliton excitations present dierent ways? We make a brief analysis here. According to Eqs. (11) and (12), we can nd that only if f (io ) = f (ie ) (here io and ie indicate initial variable and ultimate variable respectively), then the interactions among localized excitations will present elastic behaviors. Otherwise, they are nonelastic. Thanks to the wide applications of the soliton theory, to learn more about the evolution properties of multisoliton excitations and their applications in reality is worthy of studying further.

Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Prof. J.F. Zhang for his helpful suggestions and fruitful discussions.

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