Student Engagement in Colleges and Universities

What is student engagement?

(Jimerson, Campos, & Greif, 2003)

Student engagement

BEHAVIORAL component
participation e.g., prosocial conduct, task involvement

COGNITIVE component
beliefs about self, school, teachers, other students e.g., self-efficacy, aspirations, expectations

EMOTIONAL component
identification with school feelings about school, teachers, peer e.g., affect, interest, belongingness

Student engagement

Some indicators used (behavioral; related to academic effort and achievement)

participation grades time

on task delinquency, truancy, and misbehavior

School bonding

ATTACHMENT
degree

of closeness or attachment to teachers, schools, classrooms an emotional or affective component

COMMITMENT
commitment

to conventional school goals (e.g., learning, peace) along with student perceived opportunities of education

Other terms

Belonging, affiliation, school membership

feelings

of connectedness, inclusion, and

support

The school as a community

reciprocal

relationships within the school

Motivation
provided

principally by the teachers

Why should colleges and university professors and researchers be interested in student engagement? What are some working assumptions about student engagement?
(Furlong, Whipple, St. Jean, Simental, Soliz, & Punthuna, 2003)

Why should college and university professors and researchers be interested in student engagement?

Primarily, because school engagement leads to school success in the short-term and to youth and adult development in the long-term

All youth benefit from school engagement. The intent is to support efforts to promote positive student outcomes, increase psychosocial competence and efficacy, and promote lifelong learning. (Furlong, Whipple, St. Jean, Simental, Soliz, & Punthuna, 2003) Thus, whenever possible, it is good to situate student engagement in the larger context of youth and adult development.

What variables are important to study along with student engagement?

Jimerson, Campos, & Greif, 2003 Furlong, Whipple, St. Jean, Simental, Soliz, & Punthuna, 2003

Context

According to Jimerson et al; more like aspects of engagement academic performance classroom behavior extracurricular activities interpersonal relationships school community According to Furlong et al; more like antecedents or concomitant variables the student peers classroom school environment (both structural and regulatory)

Concomitant variables
outcomes enhanced by school engagement developmental (age) socio-cultural (familial, cultural) socio-economic

Self-Related Variables

Examples
Identity Self-determination Self-efficacy Motivation Academic

self-regulation

Lack of disengagement
the absence of disengaged or disruptive behavior To lack disengagement is not the same as to be engaged

What do we know (so far) about Filipino college student engagement? Some findings
Reyes, Galang, Callueng, Calleja (2009)

The FGD Participants

College st udents from two privat e universit ies in Manila one private university in Sout hern Luzon one private university in Nort hern Luzon one st at e universit y in Mindanao

The FGD Questions

Forms of learning Activities and requirements Learning and study strategies Ex tra-curricular activities Motivation What mot ivates What discourages Promoters of/ blocks to learning Activit ies and requirements Teachers Classmates Classroooms Administration and staff Education Is education valuable and why? What can be improved?

Learning and Study Strategies

Determine priority subjects and activities

Maraming kaming mga subjects. Pagexam sa major subjects, dapat 3 days before nagrereview na. Mga minor di ko na pinagtutuunan ng pansin.

Manages time and place of study and other physical aspects

Usually nag-aaral ako yung madaling araw. Bawal mag-study nang nakahigadapat nakaupo ka lang. Mentos or mint nakakatulong at mga chocolate. Off ko cellphone ko.

Learning and Study Strategies

Memorization Skills Note- taking and organization strategies Strategies for reading, review, practice, understanding
Yung understanding sa pagbasadapat may dictionary. Dapat 5 x para ma- gets ko. Pag- uwi ko I read books and scan my notes. When the teacher gives lectures, binabasa ko agad. Nag- engineering ako para walang memorization,solving langwalang aoutline..pag- unawa lang dapat. Alam na namin kahit di imemorize.

Promoters of Learning: Activities and Requirements

Ensure understanding and acquisition of knowledge and skills

Research is better than memorizationbecause I forget what I learn from memorization Homeworks after lectures kasi na-pepressure yung mga students magaral, saka na-eenhance yung pag-aaral mo. Every meeting recitation kaya para ready ka, kailangan mag-aral ka.

Ensure that students work and study

Promoters of Learning: Activities and Requirem ents

Prepare student for fut ure profession
Interview with the governor. Also with grassroots level of society. Important kasi yung na- apply mga natutunan namin sa school. Na- feel namin na professional kami.

Can be applied
We easily grasp knowledge when we apply this knowledge in requirements because we retain it more.

Provide interact ion wit h ot hers and t he chance t o ex change insight s and ideas
Mas maganda yung interactive. Yung prof na nagtatanong sa students ng insights dun sa topic.

Blocks to Learning: Activities and Requirem ents

Minor courses and lessons unrelated to m ajor Too m any requirements
When there are too many requirements and too little time to do the requirements.

Mem orization or too sim ple tasks

Memorization of terms wasnt very helpful Di nakakatulong - project na sobrang simple kasi walang natututunan.

Promoters of Learning: Teachers

Explain well; simplifies difficult topics Nilalagay muna sa context yung abstract concepts. Provoke thinking in students Magaling din ang professor, mag-iisip ka talaga. Knowledgeable Updated siya at malawak ang kanyang kaalaman. Hindi tumitigil na matuto. Personable Magaling siyang matuto; meron siyang ways na ang gaan dalhin. Nag-a-act siya, masaya, enjoy

Blocks to Learning: Teachers

Do not ex plain well or in detail
hindi ini- explain nang mabutisulat lang sa board yung teacher.

Are boring and use t raditional methods Do not do much for st udents t o learn
You read the manual pero di ko na gets. Sometimes they dont care, basta pabasa lang yung chapters.

Do not give feedback Have a negative at titude t owards students

May pagkapsychotic siya. Sinasabihan ka niyang basura; sinabihan niya kaming lahat utak talangka

Promoters of Learning: Classmates

Motivate them to be as good as others

helpful

ang classmates for competition. You aim to become a better student. maganda yung suporta ng mga kaklase ko.

Offer friendship and give moral support

Ang

Help in understanding lessons

Compared

sa dating school ko, mas friendly dito. Kami-kami nagsasama-sama, nagtuturuan. Iba ang bonding ng mga students dito.

Blocks to Learning: Classmates

Lack of order and silence
minsan over sa ingay wala naman sense. himdrance pagmagulo at magagalit ang professor makalat ang mga students

Cheat
Gawa kami kodigo. Pagnakatalikod yung teacher, wala na. Ang ayaw ko yung hinihintay lang ang answer, specially yung sign language. After class away na..kasi mali yung answer namin.

 Pose undesirable competition Depend on you too much

Blocks to Learning: Classmates

ayaw ng competition better and cooperation

May dependent kasi e..rush hour siya magstudy..nagtatanong..instead na focus kadistorbo

Practice absenteeism and vices

Hindi nakakatulong pag may absent..inuman..check attendance lang..tapos takas..tapos inuman and tongits..instead na mag- study.

What motivates

Liking the task Fear of failing

Financial investment of family or self; opportunity to go to college

Motivation ko parents ko kasi ginagapang kami sa pag-aaral Eager akong makatapos para makatulong sa pamilya Ang motivation ko gusto ko graduate on time kasi uuwi mother ko pag graduation ko Gusto ko kaagad mag-graduate. Gusto ko kasing mag-law. Ako kasi mag-ha-handle ng business.

Providing support to family; pleasing family

Future

Value of education

Gaining knowledge, skills, and values

Marami akong matututunanpwede ko itong iapplydi ako magsisisi It helps build character. Dahil kahit sinong tao, di ka puedeng siraan kasi nasa sa iyo ang kaalaman mo.

Development of self

Stature

Success Job qualification Financial benefit for self and family

What can be im proved

Pat ience and discipline
Bawas sa vices. Kailangan mag- review sa bahay. Bawas sa gastos. Procrastination. Monitor myself better. Everytime I have a requirement, I should do it earlier.

Focus and determ ination

Not all students persevere enough to finish college. Others are just having fun. Know your priorities in life - to study.

Thinking m ore critically

Magkaroon ng critical mind. Mas gusto kong lumawak ang kaalaman ko. Gusto ko pang magtanong ng maraming bagay.

The Primacy of Personal Relationships

Learning happens amidst positive relationships.

Going

to school as an end in itself The absence of an anti-school attitude

Students have an intrinsic need for positive relationships and they derive satisfaction from them.

College is a venue for exhibiting and developing competence

By themselves, knowledge and skills are important to students. At the same time, participants value knowledge and skills needed for their target professions.

Academic achievement at the stage of filial and familial piety and gratitude

Academic achievement is a necessary preceding goal to goal of professional success and financial stability for filial and familial reasons

Some Observations
A disconnectedness between family and school life Limited repertoire of learning strategies

well

developed relatedness together with underdeveloped competence greater valuing of extrinsic aspects of learning

END