CONTRIBUTIONS OF DIFFERENT AGENCIES IN SECONDARY EDUCATION CURRICULUM INTRODUCTION Secondary education refers to all the knowledge, skills, attitudes

and values that are deliberately impacted on the secondary school learners so as to make them useful members of the society. The term, secondary education Curriculum therefore refers to all that is planned to enable the secondary school learners to acquire and develop the desired knowledge skills and attitudes. Great contributions have been paid out towards development of secondary education curriculum. The agencies that have contributed in secondary education curriculum include; the universities, K.I.E, KNEC, secondary school learners and parents. 1. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE KENYA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION (K.I.E) The Kenya institute of education as an agency in the development of secondary education curriculum has greatly contributed with the development of the curriculum. It is responsible for the writing and publishing of textbooks that are used in secondary schools. It conducts research and prepares syllabus for all levels of education below the university level. It conducts seminars on any syllabus and teaching materials of inspectors of schools and teacher trainers. It develops and transmits programs through mass media and to support the development that are taking place in education. The Kenya Institute of education ensures that all materials used by the students could give them relevant knowledge, skills and attitudes that will enable them to face challenges of higher education as well as to be self reliant after leaving school.

2. CONTRIBUTI0NS OF THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL IN SECONDARY EDUCATION CURRICULUM The Kenya National Examination council (KNEC) is responsible for the setting of all national exams that are done by students from all different schools in the country. It is also responsible for the marking of the same exams as well as producing the marking schemes for the same exam set. It is also responsible for grading the students according to their capabilities. It carries out summative evaluation of the secondary school curriculum at the end of the each course. E.g the Kenya certificate secondary school education (KCSE). The Kenya National Examination council (KNEC) is accountable for producing good

examination results in Kenya and it also co-ordinates educational researches.

3. CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNIVIERSITITES IN SECONDARY EDUCATION CURRICULUM Universities are known to be institutions of the highest level of education or learning. They contribute to the secondary school curriculum through various ways: University professors and researchers have paid some contributions in the writing of the same textbooks and set books that are used in secondary schools. The universities are also responsible for producing personnels/graduates who contribute greatly in improving the curriculum, to enable the students to attain the required knowledge, attitudes and skills in different secondary schools throughout the country. The universities carry out research in the field of education which helps in developing the curriculum and they provide foundations in the secondary education curriculum development.

4. CONTRIBUTIONS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS Secondary school teachers have greatly contributed to the development of the secondary education curriculum in many ways. They are responsible for passing the required knowledge from different fields of study to the learners. They explain and ensure that the learner is well equipped with necessary knowledge and skills from different fields of study. The teachers also emphasize on practical skills that are part of the curriculum. They give the students time to participate in practical education, hence the students have a better chance of discovering their talents in carious fields, for example in games, art and craft, music and in other fields. Teachers also ensure that the learners follow the school time table which is part of the secondary education curriculum. The teachers also act as models on whom the learners learn from. They are therefore responsible for passing correct moral and ethical behaviours to the learners. Students copy directly from their teachers. 5. CONTRIBUTIONS OF PARENTS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION CURRICULUM The parents have also played a great role in the development of secondary education curriculum. Without the parents agreeing to send their children to secondary schools, it could be impossible to implement the curriculum. They are also responsible for shaping the students behaviors, therefore making it easier for the student and teacher relationship to develop positively and for the students to achieve necessary knowledge and skills that are required in life. Parents also assist in identifying the learners problems or difficulties in different fields of study. They notify teachers about the problems individual students may be facing therefore the teachers are able to come up with relevant solutions to those problems, the parents hence contribute to the development of the secondary education curriculum.

B.

DEVELOP A PERSONAL PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION CURRICULUM.

Education refers to the process through which desirable skills, attitudes, knowledge and values are deliberately imparted to integrate an individual in the society. Curriculum is course of subject covered by students in their race towards the finish line which may be certificate, diploma or degree. Secondary education curriculum can be perceived as a way out of poverty or the root to a successful life. Those who have performed better in secondary schools are assured of joining better institutions of higher learning like universities. They are given support by the government so that they are able to continue with their studies in different fields of their own interests. They are assured of acquiring employment after graduating from their fields of interest. With employment one is able to walk out of poverty. In can also be perceived as the determinant of what kind of job one will be doing and the kind of courses a person will choose to do, after learning secondary school. The level of knowledge one has acquired in secondary level will determine of influence the choice of courses he or she will be interested to do at higher level. For example if a person or student had failed in the science subjects, it will be hard for her or him to be selected to study those subjects in higher institutions of learning. This therefore influences the kind of job one will be doing. The society should assist the school committee to improve secondary school education curriculum in that they should provide students with learning materials. When students are provided with learning facilities they concentrate in class and they cope with the curriculum hence learning becomes enjoyable. The teachers also should provide a conducive learning environment and also should be friendly to the parents so that they work effectively hence improving secondary education. Success in learning in students entirely depends on the teacher because when students have not been taught they know nothing until they have been taught, so the teacher should weigh what they want to do in class before presenting it in class, also the teacher should be of good character and act as a role model in secondary education.

Teachers should asses the students to determine the progress and the achievement being made or have been made in two ways; one way is to observe whether the desired knowledge skills and attitudes are being acquired or developed. The other method of determining students achievement is to find out if the learning activities are being or have been carried out then the desired knowledge, skills and attitudes that they relate to have also been acquired or developed. The pupil-pupil relationship is important because pupils have their own perceptions about themselves. In most cases they have their own informal groups and cliques which determine their relationships. Formal leaders including class secretaries and prefects influence the class behavior, this translates in the way they see themselves in relation to school administration. A teacher should discern the pupil relationships and exploit them for better classroom management. It should be noted that success or failure of the pupils depends on the kind of interaction that takes place in the classroom. Secondary education is responsible for bringing change into the society. In secondary school different subjects are being taught to the students. The subjects being taught include Agricultural sciences, games, commerce and others. With the knowledge the learners acquire from agricultural sciences, they could know how to become successful farmers. Other students will use the knowledge and skills they had acquired in commerce to start small business which they could easily manage and with their managerial skills, they could easily expand the business without facing great losses in the business. With this knowledge each individual I will be a useful member in the society regardless on the kind of grade he or she may have achieved in the secondary level. Philosophy has been key in education and has contributed to our basic understanding of what education is and can be. There are four philosophies of education which influenced curriculum development; Perennialism, Progressivism, Essentialism and Reconstructionism In conclusion, great emphasy should be put in secondary education compared to any other education. This is because the kind of education offered in secondary schools has contributed a lot to the development of the society and the country as a whole.

REFERENCES Oluoch, G. P. (1982) Essentials of curriculum development: Nairobi Press. John S. Shiundu (1992), Curriculum Theory and Practice in Kenya. Nairobi Oxford University Press. Kenya institute of Education (1979) Development of Kenya Basic Education Curriculum, Nairobi K.I.E.