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T hi s G ui dance N o t es i s pr epar ed by t he
O ccu p at i o n al Saf et y an d H eal t h Br an ch
Labo ur D epar t ment
T hi s edi t i o n O ct o ber 2004
T hi s G ui dance N o t es i s i ssued fr ee o f char ge and can be o bt ai ned fr o m o ffi ces o f t he
O ccupat io nal Safet y and H ealt h Br anch, Labo ur D epar t ment . It can also be dow nlo aded fr o m
w ebsit e o f t he Labo ur D epar t ment at ht t p://w w w.labo ur.gov.hk/eng/public/o s/C /helmet .ht m.
Fo r enquir ies o n addr esses and t elepho ne number s o f t he o ffices, please visit t he w ebsit e o f
t he Labo ur D epar t ment at ht t p:/ / w w w.labo ur.go v.hk/ eng/ t ele/ o sh.ht m o r call 2559 2297.
T hi s G ui d ance N o t es m ay be fr eel y r epr o d uced ex cept fo r ad ver t i si ng, end o r sem ent
o r co m m er ci al pur po ses. Pl ease ack no w l edge t he so ur ce as G ui dance N o t es o n t he
Sel ect i o n, U se and Mai nt enance o f Safet y H el met s , publ i shed by t he Labo ur D epar t ment .
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CONTENTS
1. lntroduction ........................................................................................ 1
2. Scope .................................................................................................. 2
3. Legal Requirements........................................................................... 3
3.1 Specific Regulations ..................................................................... 3
3.2 General Duties Provisions ............................................................ 3
4. Safe System of Work ......................................................................... 4
4.1 Risk Assessment .......................................................................... 4
4.2 Selection Criteria and Procedures ................................................ 4
4.3 lmplementation of the Head Protection Programme .................... 5
4.4 Validation ...................................................................................... 5
4.5 Auditing Plan ................................................................................ 5
5. Construction of Safety Helmets and their Accessories ................. 6
5.1 Method of Protection .................................................................... 6
5.2 General Design............................................................................. 6
5.3 Constructional Features ............................................................... 8
5.4 Materials Used.............................................................................. 9
5.5 Helmet Accessories .................................................................... 10
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6. Selection of Safety Helmets............................................................ 11
6.1 Factors in Selection .................................................................... 11
6.2 lnternational/National Standards ................................................ 13
7. Use of Safety Helmets ..................................................................... 15
7.1 Provision ..................................................................................... 15
7.2 Manufacturer's lnstructions ........................................................ 15
7.3 Training....................................................................................... 15
7.4 Safe Practices ............................................................................ 16
8. Care and Maintenance of Safety Helmets...................................... 18
8.1 Storage ....................................................................................... 18
8.2 Cleaning ..................................................................................... 18
8.3 lnspection ................................................................................... 19
8.4 Lifetime and Replacement .......................................................... 19
References ............................................................................................... 20
1
1. lntroduction
H e ad i n j u r y ac c i d e n t i s o n e k i n d o f t h e m aj o r o c c u p at i o n al ac c i d e n t s i n
H o ng Ko ng, par t i cul ar l y i n t he co nst r uct i o n i nd ust r y. Ever y year m any w o r ker s
i n j u r ed o r ar e even k i l l ed as a r esu l t o f h ead i n j u r y. T h e m ai n r i sk s o f h ead
i n j u r y i n t h e w o r k p l aces ar e as f o l l o w s:
w h er e t h er e i s a p o ssi b i l i t y t h at a w o r k er m ay b e st r u ck o n h i s h ead b y a
f al l i n g o r f l y i n g o b j ec t ;
w h er e a w o r k er m ay st r i k e h i s h ead agai n st a p r o t r u d ed o b j ect o r m ay b e
st r u c k b y a sw i n gi n g o b j ec t .
To ef f ec t i vel y r ed u c e t h e r i sk s o f h ead i n j u r y, an ap p r o p r i at e t y p e o f saf et y
hel m et s sho ul d be pr o vi d ed . T he safet y hel m et sel ect ed sho ul d sat i sf y cer t ai n
p e r f o r m an c e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n c l u d i n g sh o c k ab so r p t i o n , r e si st an c e t o
p e n e t r at i o n ; an d b e ad j u st ab l e t o f i t an d m ak e c o m f o r t ab l e t o t h e u se r .
C er t ai n l y, t h e saf et y h el m et can n ever b e ef f ect i ve u n l ess i t i s p r o p er l y w o r n
f o r t he pur po se.
T h e u se o f saf et y h el m et , l i k e o t h er p er so n al p r o t ect i ve eq u i p m en t , i s al w ays
r egar d ed as t h e l ast r eso r t f o r acci d en t p r even t i o n . I n p r i n ci p l e, r ed u ci n g o r
co n t r o l l i n g t h e r i sk s o f i n j u r y at so u r ce sh o u l d b e co n si d er ed f i r st . H azar d s
o f j o b p r o cesses o r w o r k i n g en vi r o n m en t s m ay b e t h e r o o t so u r ces o f h ead
i n j u r y. A p p r o p r i at e p r even t i ve m easu r es sh o u l d b e t ak en i n o r d er t o p r even t
h ead i n j u r y. So m e p r act i cal ex am p l es ar e: p r o vi si o n o f t o e- b o ar d s t o p r even t
o b j ect s f al l i n g f r o m t h e w o r k i n g p l at f o r m , er ect i o n o f cat ch i n g f an s an d n et s
t o r ed u c e t h e l i k el i h o o d o f p eo p l e b ei n g st r u c k b y an y f al l i n g o b j ec t s, an d
cap p i n g o f p r o j ect i o n s f r o m st r u ct u r es t o p r even t acci d en t al b u m p i n g, et c.
It i s cr uci al t hat ' safet y hel m et ' i s no t a subst i t ut e fo r o t her pr event i ve m easur es
o f head i nj ur y acci d ent s. Safet y hel m et s d o no t pr event head i nj ur y acci d ent s,
but o nl y r ed uce t he sever i t y.
2
2. Scope
T h i s G u i d an c e N o t e s p r o v i d e s gu i d an c e t o al l e m p l o y e r s an d e m p l o y e e s
w h o w o r k i n , m an age o r co n t r o l w o r k p l aces i f t h er e ar e f o r eseeab l e r i sk s o f
h e ad i n j u r y.
I t sh o u l d b e n o t ed t h at saf et y h el m et s i n t h i s G u i d an ce N o t es o n l y r ef er t o
t ho se saf et y hel m et s pr i m ar i l y i nt end ed t o pr o t ect t he t o p o f t he head s f r o m
f al l i n g o b j e c t s. Saf e t y h e l m e t s o n l y r e d u c e t h e am o u n t o f f o r c e f r o m an
i m p act an d can n o t p r o vi d e co m p l et e h ead p r o t ect i o n f r o m sever e b l o w .
3
3. Legal Requirements
3.1 Specific Regulations
L e gal o b l i gat i o n i s i m p o se d o n t h e co n t r a ct o r r e sp o n si b l e f o r a co n st r u ct i o n
si t e u n d e r Re g u l a t i o n 4 8 o f t h e C o n st r u c t i o n Si t e s ( Sa f e t y ) Re g u l a t i o n s
( Su b si d i a r y l e gi sl a t i o n o f Ch a p t e r 5 9 ) t o p r o v i d e e ac h w o r k m an e m p l o y e d
o n t h e si t e w i t h a su i t ab l e saf et y h el m et an d t o en su r e t h at n o w o r k m an
r em ai n s o n t h e si t e u n l ess h e i s w ear i n g a su i t ab l e saf et y h el m et . Besi d es, n o
p er so n sh al l en t er a c o n st r u c t i o n si t e u n l ess h e i s w ear i n g a su i t ab l e saf et y
h el m et .
Si m i l ar p r o v i si o n s h av e al so b e e n l ai d d o w n o n Re g u l a t i o n s ( 1 7 ) ( 1 ) a n d
3 6 ( 1 ) o f t h e Q u a r r i e s ( Sa f e t y ) R e g u l a t i o n s ( Su b s i d i a r y l e g i s l a t i o n o f
Ch a p t e r 5 9 ) r e q u i r i n g p r o p r i e t o r s t o p r o v i d e su i t ab l e saf e t y h e l m e t s an d
w or k er s t o w ear t h e saf et y h el m et s p r o vi d ed r esp ect i vel y.
3.2 General Duties Provisions
Eve r y e m p l o ye r i s r e q u i r e d u n d e r Se c t i o n 6 o f t h e O c c u p a t i o n a l Sa f e t y a n d
H ea l t h O r d i n a n ce ( Ch a p t er 5 0 9 ) t o en su r e t h e saf et y an d h eal t h at w o r k o f
hi s em pl o yees. T her efo r e i t i s t he r espo nsi bi l i t y o f t he em pl o yer t o assess and
ev al u at e t h e r i sk s o f h ead i n j u r y asso c i at ed w i t h t h e w o r k i n g env i r o n m en t
an d act i vi t i es t o b e d o n e; an d d eci d e w h et h er saf et y h el m et s ar e n eed ed t o
b e w o r n . T h e r esp o n si b i l i t y ex t en d s t o i n cl u d e t h e p r o vi si o n o f i n f o r m at i o n ,
i n st r u c t i o n , t r ai n i n g an d su p e r v i si o n f o r al l p e r so n s e m p l o ye d b y h i m . To
ef f ec t i v el y d i sc h ar ge t h e d u t i es, t h e em p l o y er sh o u l d p r o v i d e a saf e sy st em
o f w o r k o r est ab l i sh a h ead p r o t ect i o n p r o gr am m e d o cu m en t i n g al l asp ect s
o f sel ec t i o n , u se, c ar e an d m ai n t en an c e o f saf et y h el m et s.
L e gal o b l i gat i o n i s i m p o se d o n e v e r y e m p l o ye e u n d e r Se c t i o n 8 o f t h e
O c c u p a t i o n a l Sa f e t y a n d H e a l t h O r d i n a n c e ( Ch a p t e r 5 0 9 ) t o t ak e c ar e f o r
t he safet y and heal t h o f o t her s and hi msel f; and t o co - o per at e w i t h hi s empl o yer
t o enabl e saf et y r equi r em ent s and r ul es ar e co m pl i ed w i t h. I n t hi s r espect , he
m u st f o l l o w t h e r u l es an d i n st r u ct i o n s o f h i s em p l o yer t o en su r e t h e saf et y
h e l m e t p r o v i d e d i s p r o p e r l y w o r n an d t ak e n c ar e o f . I n c ase o f d o u b t ,
ad vi ce f r o m hi s em pl o yer sho ul d be so ught . H e sho ul d no t m i suse t he hel m et
an d sh o u l d r ep o r t any d ef ec t s i m m ed i at el y.
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4. Safe System of Work
A saf e syst em o f w o r k f o r h ead p r o t ect i o n o r a h ead p r o t ect i o n p r o gr am m e
sh o u l d b e p r o v i d e d d o c u m e n t i n g al l asp e c t s o f r i sk asse ssm e n t , c o n t r o l
m e asu r e s, p r o p e r se l e c t i o n , u se , c ar e an d m ai n t e n an c e o f su i t ab l e saf e t y
h el m et s, i m p l em en t at i o n an d m o n i t o r i n g. T h i s can p r o vi d e a syst em at i c an d
ef f ec t i v e ap p r o ac h t o en su r e t h e p r o p er u se an d c ar e o f saf et y h el m et s as
w el l as t h e i m p l em en t at i o n o f co n t r o l m easu r es f o r el i m i n at i n g o r r ed u ci n g
t h e h azar d s asso c i at ed w i t h h ead i n j u r y. T h e h ead p r o t ec t i o n p r o gr am m e
sh o u l d i n cl u d e b u t i s n o t l i m i t ed t o t h e f o l l o w i n g:
4.1 Risk Assessment
Ri sk assessm en t sh o u l d b e c o n d u c t ed t o i d en t i f y t h e p o t en t i al h azar d s o f
h ead i n j u r y r el at i n g t o t h e w o r k t o b e d o n e an d t h e w o r k i n g env i r o n m en t ,
and assess t he l evel o f t he r i sk s asso ci at ed w i t h each hazar d . A f t er t he r esul t
o f r i sk assessm en t i s d o c u m en t ed , en gi n eer i n g o r ad m i n i st r at i v e c o n t r o l s
enco m passi ng ant i ci pat ed changes i n t he t ask o r pr o cess sho ul d be co nsi d er ed
and do cument ed fo r el i mi nat i o n o r r educt i o n o f t he r i sk s at so ur ce. Fur t her mo r e,
ad eq u at e ar r an gem en t s o n t h e sel ect i o n , u se, car e an d m ai n t en an ce o f saf et y
h e l m e t s sh o u l d b e i n c o r p o r at e d o n c e t h e n e e d h as b e e n i d e n t i f i e d . I t i s
i mpo r t ant t o ensur e t hat t he r o l es and r espo nsi bi l i t i es o f i ndi vi dual s ar e pr o per l y
d ef i n ed an d c l ear l y sp el l ed o u t .
4.2 Selection Criteria and Procedures
O n e o f t h e k ey el em en t s o f t h e h ead p r o t ec t i o n p r o gr am m e i s t h e p r o p er
sel ect i o n o f saf et y h el m et s. D et ai l ed p r o ced u r es f o r sel ect i n g su i t ab l e saf et y
h e l m e t s sh o u l d t h e r e f o r e b e d o c u m e n t e d . Fi r st o f al l , t h e d e si gn an d
p e r f o r m an c e c r i t e r i a ap p r o p r i at e t o t h e an t i c i p at e d h az ar d s sh o u l d b e
t ho r o ughl y ex am i ned. Speci fi cat i o ns o f safet y hel m et s sho ul d t hen be pr epar ed
ac c o r d i n gl y . T h e se l e c t i o n p r o c e d u r e s sh o u l d al so c o v e r p u r c h asi n g
ar r an gem en t an d i n sp ect i o n o f saf et y h el m et s u p o n r ecei p t .
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4.3 lmplementation of the Head Protection Programme
Em p l o yer s h ave t h e u l t i m at e r esp o n si b i l i t y an d d u t y f o r t h e ex ecu t i o n o f t h e
h e ad p r o t e c t i o n p r o gr am m e w h i c h sh o u l d al so c o v e r t h e p r o v i si o n o f
i n f o r m at i o n , i n st r u c t i o n , t r ai n i n g an d su p e r v i si o n . To e n su r e t h e e f f e c t i ve
i m p l e m e n t at i o n , an e f f e c t i v e c o m m u n i c at i n g ar r an ge m e n t sh o u l d b e
est ab l i sh ed so t h at al l m an ager s, su p er vi so r s an d w o r k er s ar e f u l l y aw ar e o f
t h e p o t e n t i al h azar d s, p r e c au t i o n s t o b e ad o p t e d an d t h e i r r o l e s t o p l ay .
Sp ec i al at t en t i o n sh o u l d b e p ai d o n t h e o p er at i o n al su p er v i si o n t o en su r e
t h at t h e saf et y h el m et s ar e u sed an d u sed p r o p er l y ; an d a r ec o r d k eep i n g
ar r an gem en t i s avai l ab l e t o m o n i t o r t h e p er f o r m an ce .
4.4 Validation
T he pr o cedur es l ai d do w n as w el l as t he r espo nsi bi l i t i es est abl i shed t hr o ugho ut
t he o r gani zat i o n f o r t he use o f saf et y hel m et s sho ul d be per i o d i cal l y r evi ew ed
t o se e h o w an d h o w go o d t h e p r o gr am m e i s p e r f o r m i n g an d w h e t h e r
ad j u st m en t o r i m p r o vem en t i s r eq u i r ed . Par t i cu l ar at t en t i o n sh o u l d b e p ai d
t o t h e c h an ge o f an y p r o c e ss w h i c h m ay r e n d e r saf e t y h e l m e t s se l e c t e d
i n ef f ect i ve an d m ay co n st i t u t e h azar d s f o r w h i ch ad d i t i o n al co n t r o l m easu r es
ar e r eq u i r ed . A s f ar as p o ssi b l e, f eed b ac k f r o m w o r k er s sh o u l d b e so u gh t
d u r i n g t h e r evi ew . T h i s w i l l cer t ai n l y i m p r o ve t h e ef fect i ven ess o f t h e syst em
an d t h e u ser s' accep t an ce o f t h e saf et y h el m et s sel ect ed .
4.5 Auditing Plan
A n au d i t i n g p l an sh o u l d b e e st ab l i sh e d t o e n su r e l o n g t e r m ad e q u ac y o f
sel ect i o n d eci si o n s an d p r o p er u se o f saf et y h el m et s. T h e au d i t i n g p r o cess
sho ul d r evi ew new o r r evi sed st and ar d s r equi r i ng pr o t ect i o n, i nj ur y st at i st i cs,
w o r k er s' accep t an ce , ch an ges i n p r o cesses an d t h e avai l ab i l i t y o f al t er n at i ve
co nt r o l m easur es.
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5. Construction of Safety Helmets and their
Accessories
5.1 Method of Protection
A saf et y h el m et p r o t ect s agai n st i m p act f r o m o ver h ead b y ab so r b i n g en er gy
t hr o ugh -
( a) p ar t i al d est r u ct i o n o r d am age o f t h e sh el l ;
( b) st r et ch i n g o f t h e h ar n ess; an d
(c) c r u sh i n g o f t h e p r o t ec t i v e p ad d i n g i f an y .
T h e r esi d u al f o r ce o f t h e i m p act i s sp r ead o ver t h e su r f ace o f t h e h ead t h u s
l essen i n g t h e c h an c e o f i n j u r y.
To ac h i eve t h e p u r p o se , st r i n gen t p er f o r m an c e/ t est r eq u i r em en t s ap p l y t o
saf et y h el m et s.
5.2 General Design
A saf e t y h e l m e t c o n si st s o f t w o p r i m ar y c o m p o n e n t s - sh e l l an d h ar n e ss
( Fi gu r es A & B) .
Figure A: Shell Figure B: Harness (inside the shell)
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T h e sh e l l i s a d o m e - sh ap e d c o v e r i n g f o r t h e h e ad an d m ad e o f h ar d an d
d ur abl e m at er i al s. T he o ut er sur f ace o f t he shel l sho ul d be sm o o t hl y f i ni shed .
I t m ay i n c l u d e:
a b r i m ( a r i m su r r o u n d i n g t h e sh e l l w h i c h m a y i n c l u d e a r a i n gu t t e r ) ; o r /
a n d
a p e ak ( a p e r m a n e n t e x t e n si o n o f t h e sh e l l a b o ve t h e e ye s) .
T h e h a r n ess i s t h e assem b l y t h at p r o vi d es a m ean s o f m ai n t ai n i n g t h e h el m et
i n p o si t i o n o n t h e u ser ' s h ead an d ab so r b i n g k i n et i c en er gy w i t h i n t h e sh el l
d u r i n g an i m p ac t .
I t b asi c al l y i n c l u d es:
a c r ad l e ( t h e a ssem b l y o f t h e p a r t s o f t h e h a r n ess i n co n t a ct w i t h t h e h ea d
t o m a i n t a i n t h e h e l m e t i n c o r r e c t w e a r i n g p o si t i o n a n d w i t h a su sp e n si o n
syst e m t o a b so r b sh o c k i n c a se o f a n i m p a c t ) ;
a h e ad b an d ( t h e p a r t o f t h e h a r n e ss su r r o u n d i n g t h e h e a d o f t h e u se r
a b o v e t h e e y e s) ; an d
a n ap e st r ap ( a n a d j u st a b l e st r a p n o r m a l l y i n t e gr a t e d w i t h t h e h e a d b a n d
t o f i t b e h i n d t h e h e a d ) .
Figure C: General design
8
I t m ay al so i n c l u d e:
a sw eat b an d ( a n i n t egr a l o r r em o va b l e st r i p o n t h e h ea d b a n d t h a t co n t a ct s
w i t h t h e u se r ' s f o r e h e a d f o r r e m o vi n g sw e a t ) ;
a ch i n st r ap ( a st r a p u n d er t h e ch i n t o f u r t h er secu r e t h e h el m et t o t h e h ea d
o f t h e u se r ) ; o r / an d
a p r o t e c t i v e p ad d i n g ( m a t e r i a l c o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h e a b so r p t i o n o f k i n e t i c
e n e r g y d u r i n g a n i m p a c t ) .
5.3 Constructional Features
Safet y h el m et s h ave t o f u l f i l cer t ai n m an d at o r y r eq u i r em en t s o f i n t er n at i o n al /
nat i o nal st and ar d s o n t he co nst r uct i o nal f eat ur es. T hese r ange f r o m t he shel l
pr o f i l e, t he r espect i ve cl ear ances bet w een t he shel l and t he har ness at var i o us
l o cat i o n s, d o w n t o m i n o r d et ai l s su ch as t h e r an ge o f ad j u st ab l e i n cr em en t s
o f h e ad b an d an d n ap e st r ap . Ex am p l e s ar e :
El l i p t i c al sh el l c o n f i gu r at i o n o n h o r i zo n t al sec t i o n s ab o v e t h e h ead b an d .
T he ver t i cal cl ear ance bet w een t he har ness and t he i nsi d e o f t he shel l shal l
i n gen er al b e n o t l ess t h an 2 5 m m an d n o t m o r e t h an 5 0 m m .
T h e h o r i zo n t al c l e ar an c e b e t w e e n t h e h e ad b an d an d t h e i n si d e o f t h e
sh el l sh al l i n gen er al b e n o t l ess t h an 5 m m an d n o t m o r e t h an 2 0 m m .
Pr o vi si o n sh al l al so b e m ad e b y ven t i l at i o n gap s b et w een t h e sh el l an d t h e
h e ad b an d .
T h e l e n gt h o f t h e h e ad b an d o r t h e n ap e st r ap sh al l b e ad j u st ab l e i n
i ncr em ent s o f no t m o r e t han 5 m m .
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5.4 Materials Used
T he m at er i al s fo r safet y hel m et s sho ul d be o f d ur abl e qual i t y havi ng co nsi d er ed
t h e ef f ec t o f agi n g an d su b j ec t ed en v i r o n m en t s su c h as su n l i gh t , h u m i d i t y ,
t em p er at u r e an d v i b r at i o n . Fo r t h o se p ar t s c o m i n g i n t o c o n t ac t w i t h t h e
w ear er ' s sk i n , t h e m at er i al s u sed sh o u l d n o t gi ve r i se t o i r r i t at i o n .
Fo r t h e sh el l , m at er i al s co m m o n l y u sed ar e:
H i gh d en si t y p o l yet h yl en e ( H D PE)
A cr yl o ni t r i l e- but ad i ene- st yr ene ( A BS)
Po l ycar b o n at e ( PC )
Fo r t h e h a r n ess, m at er i al s c o m m o n l y u sed ar e:
N y l o n
V i n y l
Fo r t h e cu sh i o n i n g el em en t s, m at er i al c o m m o n l y u sed i s:
Sp o n ge f o am
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5.5 Helmet Accessories
T her e i s a w i d e r ange o f accesso r i es w hi ch can be f i t t ed t o a saf et y hel m et t o
m ak e i t m o r e sui t abl e fo r var i abl e w o r k i ng co ndi t i o ns. Ex am pl es o f accesso r i es
ar e c h i n st r ap, f ac e sh i e l d , e ar m u f f s, an d h an d l am p ( Fi gu r e D t o G ) . C ar e
sh o u l d b e t ak en t o en su r e t h at an y ad d i t i o n o f h el m et accesso r i es an d t h ei r
at t achm ent sho ul d be co m pat i bl e t o t he hel m et . U se o f o r i gi nal m anufact ur er ' s
accesso r i es i s r eco m m en d ed . N o m o d i f i cat i o n o r ch an ge o f ex i st i n g h el m et s
sh o u l d b e car r i ed o u t t o f i t accesso r i es u n l ess ad vi ce f r o m t h e m an u f act u r er
h as b een so u gh t .
Figure D: Chin strap Figure E: Faceshield
Figure F: Earmuffs Figure G: Headlamp
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Figure H: The Cap Style
6. Selection of Safety Helmets
6.1 Factors in Selection
If t her e i s a need fo r use o f safet y hel m et s, t he nex t st ep i s t o ensur e t he safet y
h el m et p r o vi d ed i s ap p r o p r i at e t o m i n i m i ze t h e ef f ect s o f t h e h azar d s. T h e
hel m et cho sen sho ul d o ffer t he d esi r ed pr o t ect i o n and co m fo r t and no t cr eat e
an y ad d i t i o n al saf et y p r o b l em s.
D u r i n g t h e sel ec t i o n p r o c ess, t h e f o l l o w i n g f ac t o r s ar e n eed ed t o b e t ak en
i n t o acco u n t :
Potential hazards anticipated
A p ar t f r o m t h e p r i m ar y h azar d d u e t o f al l i n g o b j ec t s, ad d i t i o n al p o t en t i al
hazar ds o f head i nj ur y m ay al so ex i st i n t he w o r k pl ace. It i s t her efo r e i m po r t ant
t o ch o o se a co r r ect t yp e o r cl ass o f h el m et s w h i ch can al so o f f er p r o t ect i o n
agai n st t h o se ad d i t i o n al h azar d s an t i ci p at ed . I n co n st r u ct i o n w o r k , t h e saf et y
h el m et sh al l o f f er p r o t ec t i o n agai n st l at er al i m p ac t as w el l , b ec au se o f t h e
p r e se n c e o f c o m m o n h azar d s o f st r i k i n g agai n st p r o t r u d e d o b j e c t s ( e . g.
p r o j e c t i o n s f r o m sc af f o l d s, e t c .) o r b e i n g st r u c k b y sw i n gi n g o b j e c t s ( e .g.
c r an e h o o k s) . Fo r e l e c t r i c al w o r k , t h e saf e t y h e l m e t sh al l b e ad e q u at e l y
el ect r i cal l y i n su l at ed . Fo r an ex t r em el y co l d w o r k i n g en vi r o n m en t , t h e saf et y
h el m et sh al l b e so d esi gn ed t h at i t can st i l l o f f er t h e i n t en d ed p r o t ect i o n at
su ch an ex t r a l o w t em p er at u r e.
The style of the helmet
T h e c ap st y l e ( Fi gu r e H ) i s gen er al l y l i gh t er an d t h e p eak w i l l p r o v i d e
shad e t o t he eyes. T hi s st yl e i s m o r e sui t abl e f o r w o r k i ng i n r est r i ct ed o r
Figure l: The Hat Style
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nar r o w pl aces and fo r t he w ear i ng o f accesso r i es such as ear muf f s, w el d i ng
scr een s, et c.
T he hat st yl e ( Fi gur e I) gener al l y pr o vi d es bet t er pr o t ect i o n t o t he face and
n eck f r o m t h e w eat h er , d i r t an d w at er , et c .
W henever po ssi bl e, t he saf et y hel m et sho ul d be sel ect ed o n t he basi s t hat
i t w i l l no t hi nd er t he w o r k t o be d o ne. Fo r ex am pl e, a saf et y hel m et w i t h
l i t t l e o r n o p eak i s h el p f u l t o h av e an u n r est r i c t ed u p w ar d v i si o n f o r a
scaf f o l d er ect o r at w o r k .
T he d esi gn o f t he saf et y hel m et sel ect ed sho ul d be co m pat i bl e w i t h o t her
n ecessar y accesso r i es o r p er so n al p r o t ect i ve eq u i p m en t so t h at t h ey al l
r em ai n ef f ec t i v e.
The colour of the helmet
Saf et y h el m et s w i t h l i gh t er co l o u r w i l l p r o vi d e b et t er h eat r ef l ect i o n an d
go o d c o n sp i c u i t y . W h i t e h e l m e t s ar e t h e r e f o r e su i t ab l e f o r w o r k i n g
en vi r o n m en t s w i t h p o o r l i gh t i n g co n d i t i o n s.
In w o r k i ng pl aces w her e m ax i m um co nspi cui t y i s r equi r ed such as t unnel i ng
w o r k , t h e c o l o u r o f saf e t y h e l m e t s sh o u l d b e c o n sp i c u o u s agai n st t h e
back gr o und o r at l east par t o f t he ex t er i o r sur face o f t he hel m et sho ul d be
r et r o r ef l ect i ve, o r h ave r et r o r ef l ect i ve m at er i al ad h er ed t o i t , at al l si d es.
H o w e v e r , b e f o r e an y ap p l i c at i o n o f ad h e s i v e t ap e , ad v i c e f r o m
m an u f act u r er sh o u l d b e so u gh t t o en su r e t h at t h e ad h esi ve t ap e w i l l n o t
d egr ad e t h e sh el l m at er i al .
Appropriate accessories for the working environment
Saf et y h el m et s sel ect ed sh o u l d su i t t h e act u al w o r k i n g en vi r o n m en t . Fo r
ex am p l e, i f t h e w o r k i s t o b e d o n e at n i gh t an d t h e w o r k p l ace i s i n p o o r
l i gh t i n g co n d i t i o n s, t h e h el m et sh el l sh o u l d b e eq u i p p ed w i t h h ead l am p .
W h er e t h e j o b i n v o l v es w o r k i n w i n d y c o n d i t i o n s, r ep eat ed b en d i n g o r
c o n st an t l y l o o k i n g u p w ar d s, c h i n st r ap s sh o u l d b e p r o v i d ed an d u sed .
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Comfort and Fitness
W ear i n g c o m f o r t an d f i t n ess o f saf et y h el m et s sh o u l d al so b e c o n si d er ed
d u r i n g sel ec t i o n :
Saf et y h el m et s sh o u l d b e as c o m f o r t ab l e as p o ssi b l e . C o m f o r t c an b e
i m pr o ved by: use o f l i ght m at er i al f o r t he shel l w i t ho ut af f ect i ng t he d esi gn
st r e n gt h ; a f l e x i b l e h e ad b an d o f ad e q u at e w i d t h t o f i t t h e f o r e h e ad ; a
sw eat b an d t h at i s easy t o cl ean o r r ep l ace; an d t ex t i l e cr ad l e st r ap s, et c.
Fi t ness i s o ne o f t he i m po r t ant el em ent s fo r ensur i ng t he pr o per funct i o ni ng
o f saf et y h el m et s i n c ase o f an i m p ac t . A p r o p er l y f i t t i n g saf et y h el m et
sh o u l d h av e t h e r i gh t sh el l si ze f o r t h e w ear er an d an easi l y ad j u st ab l e
h e ad b an d , n ap e an d c h i n st r ap .
6.2 lnternational/National Standards
Safet y hel m et s sho ul d sat i sf y cer t ai n per fo r m ance/ t est r equi r em ent s, i ncl ud i ng
r esi st an ce t o p en et r at i o n , sh o ck ab so r p t i o n , el ect r i cal i n su l at i o n , r esi st an ce
t o f l am e an d var i o u s w o r k i n g t em p er at u r e, et c. Each d esi gn sh o u l d h ave i t s
o w n speci f i cat i o ns t o sui t t he w o r k i ng envi r o nm ent and t he w o r k t o be d o ne.
A su i t ab l e saf et y h el m et w i l l m ean o n e w h i ch i s co n fo r m i n g t o i n t er n at i o n al /
n at i o n al st an d ar d s. So m e o f c o m m o n l y u sed st an d ar d s ar e as f o l l o w s:
A m er i can N at i o n al St an d ar d - Fo r i n d u st r i al h ead p r o t ect i o n
( A N SI Z 8 9 . 1 )
A u st r al i an / N ew Z eal an d St an d ar d - O c c u p at i o n al p r o t ec t i v e h el m et s
( A S/ N Z S 1 8 0 1 )
C an ad i an St an d ar d - Saf et y h el m et s ( C SA Z 9 4 .1 )
Eu r o p ean St an d ar d - Sp eci f i cat i o n f o r i n d u st r i al saf et y h el m et s ( EN 3 9 7 )
I n t er n at i o n al St an d ar d - I n d u st r i al saf et y h el m et s ( I SO 3 8 7 3 )
Jap an ese I n d u st r i al St an d ar d - I n d u st r i al saf et y h el m et s ( JI S T 8 1 3 1 )
Peo p l e' s Rep u b l i c o f C h i n a N at i o n al St an d ar d - Saf et y h el m et s ( G B 2 8 1 1 )
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Si n gap o r e St an d ar d - Sp ec i f i c at i o n f o r i n d u st r i al saf et y h el m et ( SS 9 8 )
A saf et y h el m et sh o u l d b ear ap p r o p r i at e m ar k i n g i n d i c at i n g t h e c o n f o r m i t y
t o cer t ai n i nt er nat i o nal / nat i o nal st and ar d s. Fo r ex am pl e, ever y saf et y hel m et
c o m p l y i n g w i t h t h e r eq u i r em en t s o f t h e Eu r o p ean St an d ar d ( EN 3 9 7 ) sh al l
c ar r y m o u l d ed o r i m p r essed m ar k i n g gi v i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g i n f o r m at i o n :
n u m b er o f t h i s st an d ar d ;
n am e o r i d en t i f i cat i o n m ar k o f t h e m an u f act u r er ;
year an d q u ar t er o f m an u f ac t u r e;
t ype o f hel m et ( m anuf act ur er ' s d esi gnat i o n) - t hi s shal l be m ar k ed o n bo t h
t h e sh el l an d t h e h ar n ess;
si ze o r si ze r an ge( i n cen t i m et r es) - t h i s sh al l b e m ar k ed o n b o t h t h e sh el l
an d t h e h ar n ess.
I n ad d i t i o n , a l ab el / sh eet sh al l b e at t ach ed t o / acco m p an y each h el m et gi vi n g
ad d i t i o n al i n f o r m at i o n o n t h e u sage an d saf e p r ac t i c es, et c .
I n t er n at i o n al / n at i o n al st an d ar d s o n l y set o u t t h e m i n i m u m r eq u i r em en t s o f
v ar i o u s t y p es/ c l asses o f saf et y h el m et s. I t sh o u l d b e n o t ed t h at d i f f er en t
b r an d s o f saf et y h el m et s m ay n o t b e o f t h e sam e q u al i t y even t h o u gh t h ey al l
c o m p l i ed w i t h t h e sam e st an d ar d .
I n ad d i t i o n t o c o m p l y i n g w i t h i n t e r n at i o n al / n at i o n al st an d ar d s, d e si gn
feat ur es, per fo r m ance, appl i cat i o n and qual i t y m at t er s sho ul d al so be car ef ul l y
co n si d er ed f o r sel ect i n g t h e m o st su i t ab l e saf et y h el m et .
Sp e c i f i c at i o n s o f d i f f e r e n t b r an d s/ t y p e s o f saf e t y h e l m e t s av ai l ab l e i n t h e
m ar k e t s c an b e o b t ai n e d f r o m t h e p e r s o n al p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t
m an u f ac t u r er s. Em p l o y er s o r c o n t r ac t o r s ar e ad v i sed t o seek al l r el ev an t
i n f o r m at i o n f o r an al y si s b ef o r e m ak i n g t h e f i n al d ec i si o n .
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7. Use of Safety Helmets
7.1 Provision
Saf et y h el m et s sh o u l d b e p r o vi d ed f o r t h e u se o f w o r k er s i n t h e w o r k p l ace
w h er e t h er e i s a f o r eseeab l e r i sk o f h ead i n j u r y. Reco r d s f o r t h e r ecei p t o f
saf et y h el m et s sh o u l d b e k ep t .
Su f f i ci en t saf et y h el m et s sh o u l d b e avai l ab l e at t h e w o r k p l ace f o r n ecessar y
r ep l acem en t an d t h e u se o f vi si t o r s t o o .
7.2 Manufacturer's lnstructions
M an u f ac t u r er ' s i n st r u c t i o n s ar e n o r m al l y su p p l i ed w i t h eac h saf et y h el m et
i n d i c at i n g t h e m et h o d o f f i t t i n g an d ad j u st m en t , c ar e an d m ai n t en an c e, et c .
T hese i nst r uct i o ns sho ul d be br o ught t o t he at t ent i o n o f user s. Speci al at t ent i o n
sho ul d be t ak en t o t he i nspect i o n befo r e use, m ai nt enance pr o ced ur es, pr o per
st o r age t ech n i q u es i n acco r d an ce w i t h t h e m an u f act u r er ' s r eco m m en d at i o n s
an d i n st r u ct i o n s.
7.3 Training
Pr o p er t r ai n i n g sh o u l d b e p r o vi d ed t o each u ser . Reco r d s o f t r ai n i n g sh o u l d
b e k ep t . T h e sco p e o f t h e t r ai n i n g sh o u l d i n cl u d e t h e f o l l o w i n g:
T h e r i sk s o f h ead i n j u r y i n w o r k p l aces;
Pr even t i ve m easu r es f o r h ead i n j u r y;
W hy saf et y h el m et s ar e n ec essar y ;
W h en sh o u l d i t b e w o r n ;
L e gal o b l i gat i o n s;
Basi c p r i n ci p l e o n h o w t h e saf et y h el m et p r o vi d es p r o t ect i o n ;
Pr o p er m et h o d s o f w ear i n g;
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U se o f accesso r i es an d t h ei r at t ach m en t m et h o d s;
Saf e p r ac t i c es ( e.g. c h ec k b ef o r e u se) ;
C ar e an d m ai n t e n an c e ; an d
Ser v i c e l i f e an d r ep l ac em en t .
U ser s sh o u l d b e r em i n d ed t h at t h e saf et y h el m et i s o n l y t h e l ast r eso r t an d
ap p r o p r i at e p r even t i ve m easu r es sh o u l d b e t ak en i n o r d er t o p r even t h ead
i n j u r y.
7.4 Safe Practices
Saf et y hel m et s sho ul d be f r ee f r o m d ef ect s. T he saf et y hel m et s i f d am aged
m u st b e h an d e d o v e r t o a r e sp o n si b l e p e r so n f o r r e p l ac e m e n t an d
d i sc ar d ed . T h e h el m et s sh o u l d b e m ar k ed ' d ef ec t i v e' .
Saf e t y h e l m e t s sh o u l d b e c h e c k e d b e f o r e u se . A l l p ar t s o f t h e saf e t y
h e l m e t m u st b e o p e r at i o n al an d u n d am age d , i n p ar t i c u l ar t h e c o r r e c t
assem b l y o f t h e sh el l an d h ar n ess. I n case o f any d o u b t , t h e m anu f act u r er
sh o u l d b e co n su l t ed .
Saf et y h el m et s sh o u l d b e ad j u st ed t o f i t t h e si ze o f t h e u ser s' h ead s f o r
ad eq u at e p r o t ec t i o n .
A p p l y i n g p ai n t s, so l v e n t s o r ad h e si v e s m ay w e ak e n t h e sh e l l s w i t h o u t
an y v i su al d am age. W h er e n am es o r o t h er m ar k i n gs ar e t o b e ap p l i ed
o n t h e saf et y h el m et s, ad vi ce f r o m t h e m an u f act u r er sh o u l d b e so u gh t .
W h er e accesso r i es ar e b ei n g u sed , t h ey sh o u l d b e f u l l y co m p at i b l e t o t h e
saf e t y h e l m e t w o r n . U se o f o r i gi n al m an u f ac t u r e r ' s ac c e sso r i e s i s
r ec o m m en d ed .
C h i n st r ap s sh o u l d b e u sed i f a j o b i n vo l ves w o r k i n w i n d y co n d i t i o n s o r
n eed s f r eq u en t b en d i n g o r l o o k i n g u p w ar d / d o w n w ar d .
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Safet y hel m et s sho ul d be w o r n i n t he co r r ect w ay - I n sum m er t i m e, so m e
w o r k er s w ear st r aw hat s bet w een saf et y hel m et s and t hei r head s i n o r d er
t o r ed u ce t h e ex p o su r e o f su n l i gh t . Su ch p r act i ce h o w ever si gn i f i can t l y
r ed u ces t h e p r o t ect i o n o f saf et y h el m et s an d sh o u l d b e p r o h i b i t ed .
Saf et y h el m et s sh o u l d n o t b e t r an sf er r ed b y t h r o w i n g as t h e h el m et m ay
acci d en t al l y f al l o n t h e f l o o r r ecei vi n g a sever e i m p act t h at w eak en i n g i t s
st r en gt h as a r esu l t .
Saf et y h el m et s sh o u l d n o t b e u sed f o r o t h er p u r p o se t h an t h at t h ey ar e
d esi gn ed , su c h as seat s, r ec ep t ac l es an d st ep s, et c .
A f t er u se, t h e u ser s sh o u l d p l ace t h ei r saf et y h el m et s i n a saf e p l ace t h at
m ay b e p r o vi d ed b y t h e em p l o yer s o r co n t r act o r s.
T h e sh e l l an d h ar n e ss sh o u l d b e p e r i o d i c al l y c l e an e d t o r e m o ve d i r t ,
d ust , gr ease o r m ud , et c. T he sw eat band sho ul d al so be cl eaned r egul ar l y
o r r ep l ac ed .
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8. Care and Maintenance of Safety Helmets
Pr o per car e and m ai nt enance o f safet y hel m et s ar e ver y i m po r t ant i n pr o vi d i ng
t he i nt ended pr o t ect i o n t o w o r ker s o ver t hei r i nt ended ser vi ce l i fe. Pr o cedur es
f o r c ar e an d m ai n t e n an c e sh o u l d b e ad h e r e d t o i n ac c o r d an c e w i t h
m an u f ac t u r er ' s i n st r u c t i o n s. Resp o n si b i l i t i es f o r c ar e an d m ai n t en an c e o f
saf e t y h e l m e t s sh o u l d b e c l e ar l y e st ab l i sh e d w i t h i n t h e w o r k p l ac e /
o r gan i z at i o n .
C ar e an d m ai n t en an ce o f saf et y h el m et s i n cl u d e st o r age, cl ean i n g, i n sp ect i o n
an d r e p l ac e m e n t .
8.1 Storage
Safet y hel m et s sho ul d be pr o per l y st o r ed i n a safe pl ace w i t h no di r ect sunl i ght ,
no ex cessi ve heat and a no n- hum i d co nd i t i o n. Lo ng- t er m ex po sur e o f ex t r em e
envi r o nm ent al co ndi t i o ns can r educe t he st r engt h and effi ci ency o f t he hel m et s.
Fo r ex am p l e , t h e saf et y h el m et sh o u l d n o t b e k ep t o n t h e r ear - w i n d o w sh el f
o f a v eh i c l e. Su n l i gh t an d h i gh t em p er at u r e m ay c au se d egr ad at i o n an d t h e
h el m et m i gh t al so b ec o m e a h azar d o u s m i ssi l e i n an em er gen c y st o p .
A d eq u at e st o r age r o o m s, co n t ai n er s o r p egs sh o u l d b e p r o vi d ed f o r st o r i n g
safet y hel m et s t o pr o t ect agai nst co nt am i nat i o n, l o ss o r dam age. T hese st o r age
ar eas sh o u l d p r ef er r ab l y b e l o cat ed at t h e en t r an ce o f t h e w o r k p l ace so t h at
ever y p er so n can p u t o n h i s h el m et o n ce h e en t er s t h e si t e. U ser s h ave t h e
r espo nsi bi l i t y t o pl ace t hei r saf et y hel m et s i n t he saf e pl aces w hen no t i n use.
8.2 Cleaning
C l ean i n g i s t h e p r o cess f o r r em o val o f so i l i n g o r su r f ace co n t am i n at i o n su ch
as d i r t , d u st , gr ease , m u d o r b o d y o i l s, et c .
Regul ar cl eani ng sho ul d be car r i ed o ut i n acco r d ance w i t h t he m anuf act ur er ' s
i n st r u ct i o n s. G en er al cl ean i n g m et h o d u si n g so ap y w at er an d a so f t cl o t h i s
accep t ab l e. U se o f cl ean i n g so l ven t s sh o u l d b e avo i d ed as i t m ay d et er i o r at e
t h e p l ast i c o f t h e sh el l w i t h o u t an y v i su al d am age.
T he sw eat band sho ul d al so be cl eaned r egul ar l y o r r epl aced w her e necessar y.
19
8.3 lnspection
Be f o r e i ssu i n g saf e t y h e l m e t s t o w o r k e r s f o r u se , e ac h h e l m e t sh o u l d b e
i n sp ect ed t o en su r e i t i s i n go o d co n d i t i o n .
D ai l y i n sp ect i o n o f saf et y h el m et s sh o u l d b e co n d u ct ed t o en su r e t h at t h ey
ar e i n a ser vi ceabl e st at e w i t ho ut any d efect . A l l co m po nent s, shel l s, har nesses
an d ac c esso r i es sh o u l d b e c h ec k ed f o r si gn s o f d en t s, c r ac k s, p en et r at i o n ,
b r i t t l en ess o r d et er i o r at i o n w h i ch m ay r ed u ce t h e st r en gt h an d ef f i ci en cy o f
saf et y h el m et s. T h e h ar n esses sh o u l d al so b e ch eck ed f o r p r o p er f i t n ess t o
t h e sh el l s.
Per i o d i c i nspect i o n, such as quar t er l y i nspect i o n, i s r equi r ed t o d et er m i ne t he
n eed f o r d i sp o sal an d r ep l ac em en t .
8.4 Lifetime and Replacement
Saf et y h el m et s sh o u l d h ave a l i m i t ed l i f et i m e b ecau se o f m at er i al d egr ad at i o n
t hat can t ak e pl ace d ue t o sunl i ght , heat o r m at er i al sel f - d egr ad at i o n. Suppl i er s
o r m an u f ac t u r e r s sh o u l d b e c o n su l t e d f o r ac q u i r i n g t h e l i f e t i m e o f saf e t y
h el m et s.
Ser vi ce l i fe o f safet y hel m et s i s a f unct i o n o f sever al f act o r s i ncl ud i ng m at er i al s
u se d , q u al i t y c o n t r o l , u sage c o n d i t i o n s, c ar e an d m ai n t e n an c e . I t i s ve r y
d i f f i c u l t t o ac c u r at el y d et er m i n e as h el m et s ar e u sed i n v ar i o u s c o n d i t i o n s,
r an gi n g f r o m t h e ver y h ar sh t o t h e ver y l i gh t .
U n d er n o r m al ser vi ces, m o st h el m et sh el l s can p r o vi d e ad eq u at e p r o t ect i o n
f o r ab o u t 2 t o 3 year s. Pl ast i c c o m p o n en t s o f h ar n esses m ay d et er i o r at e
m o r e r ap i d l y i n ser vi ce an d so h ar n esses sh o u l d b e r ep l aced at i n t er val s n o t
l o n ger t h an 2 year s. I t sh o u l d b e n o t ed t h at si gn s o f d am age o r d et er i o r at i o n
m ay b e o b ser ved i n a m u ch sh o r t er ser vi ce l i f e . Sh o u l d su ch b e a case , t h e
saf et y h el m et sh o u l d b e i m m ed i at el y w i t h d r aw n f r o m ser vi ce an d d i scar d ed .
Safet y hel m et s canno t be r epai r ed . I t i s t her efo r e i m po r t ant t hat r epl acem ent
o f t h e saf et y h el m et i s r eq u i r ed i f i t h as b een su b j ec t ed t o a sev er e i m p ac t
r egar d l ess o f t h e ser v i c e l i f e an d w h et h er t h er e i s any p hy si c al d am age t o
t h e h e l m e t o r n o t , si n c e t h e d e si gn st r e n gt h an d e f f e c t i v e n e ss h av e b e e n
gr eat l y r ed u c ed .
20
References
a ) A m er i can N at i o n al St an d ar d - f o r I n d u st r i al H ead Pr o t ect i o n
( A N SI Z 8 9 . 1 - 1 9 9 7 )
b ) A ust r al i an St andar d - T he sel ect i o n, car e and use o f i ndust r i al safet y hel m et s
( A S 1 8 0 0 - 1 9 8 1 )
c) A u st r al i an / N ew Z eal an d St an d ar d - O c c u p at i o n al p r o t ec t i v e h el m et s
( A S/ N Z S 1 8 0 1 : 1 9 9 7 )
d ) Br i t i sh l egi sl at i o n ( H eal t h an d Saf et y) -
T he C o nst r uct i o n ( H ead Pr o t ect i o n) Regul at i o ns 1989
e) Br i t i sh l egi sl at i o n ( H eal t h an d Saf et y) -
T h e Per so n al Pr o t ect i ve Eq u i p m en t at W o r k Regu l at i o n s 1 9 9 2
f) C an ad i an St an d ar d - Saf et y h el m et s
( C SA Z 9 4 . 1 - 9 2 )
g ) Eu r o p ean C o m m i t t ee f o r St an d ar d i zat i o n -
C o unci l D i r ect i ve o n t he A ppr o x i m at i o n o f t he Law s o f t he M em ber St at es
Rel at ed t o Per so n al Pr o t ec t i v e Eq u i p m en t , 1 9 8 9 ( Ex t r ac t ) ( EEC / 8 9 / 6 8 6 )
h) Eu r o p ean St an d ar d - Sp eci f i cat i o n f o r i n d u st r i al saf et y h el m et s
( EN 3 9 7 : 1 9 9 5 )
i ) H eal t h & Saf et y Ex ecu t i ve -
A sh o r t gu i d e t o t h e Per so n al Pr o t ect i ve Eq u i p m en t at W o r k Regu l at i o n s
1 9 9 2
j ) H eal t h & Saf et y Ex ecu t i ve -
G u i d an ce o n C o n st r u ct i o n ( H ead Pr o t ect i o n ) Regu l at i o n s 1 9 8 9 , Seco n d
ed i t i o n
21
k) H eal t h & Saf et y Ex ecu t i ve -
I nf o r m at i o n sheet o n per so nal pr o t ect i ve equi pm ent ( PPE) : safet y hel m et s
l ) Int er nat i o nal St andar d - Indust r i al safet y hel met s
( ISO 3873:1977)
m) Japanese Indust r i al St andar d - Indust r i al safet y hel met s
( JIS T 8131- 2000)
n) PPE M ade Easy - by Jeffr ey O .St ul l , 1998,
G o ver n m en t I n st i t u t es, I n c ., U .S.A .
o ) Peo p l e' s Rep u b l i c o f C h i n a N at i o n al St an d ar d - Saf et y h el m et s
( G B 2 8 1 1 - 8 9 )
p ) Si n gap o r e St an d ar d - Sp ec i f i c at i o n f o r I n d u st r i al Saf et y H el m et
( SS 9 8 : 1 9 8 7 )
q ) St u d y Rep o r t o n I m p r o vi n g Saf et y i n H o n g K o n g' s C o n st r u ct i o n Si t es by
Pr o p er Sel ec t i o n an d U se o f H ar d H at s, 1 9 9 9
B y Pr o f e sso r To n gx i Yu ( T h e H o n g K o n g U n i v e r si t y o f Sc i e n c e an d
Tech n o l o gy)
r) W est er n A u st r al i a - C o d e o f Pr act i ce: Fi r st A i d , W o r k p l ace A m en i t i es an d
P. P. E.
Par t 4 : Sel ect i o n , Pr o vi si o n an d U se o f Per so n al Pr o t ect i ve Eq u i p m en t
s) W o r k bo o k o n Per so nal Pr o t ect i ve Equi pm ent -
By G r ah am Ro b er t s- Ph el p s, 1 9 9 9 , G o w er Pu b l i sh i n g L i m i t ed
25
Useful lnformation
If yo u w i sh t o enqui r e abo ut t hi s G ui dance N o t es o r r equi r e advi ce o n o ccupat i o nal
safet y and heal t h, yo u can co nt act t he O ccupat i o nal Safet y and H eal t h Br anch o f
Labo ur D epar t ment t hr o ugh:
Tel epho ne : 2559 2297 ( aut o - r eco r di ng aft er o ffi ce ho ur s)
Fax : 2915 1410
E- mai l : enqui r y@ l abo ur.go v.hk
I nfo r m at i o n o n t he ser vi ces o f fer ed by t he Labo ur D epar t m ent and o n m aj o r
l abo ur l egi sl at i o n can al so be fo und by vi si t i ng o ur H o m epage o n t he Int er net at
ht t p:/ / w w w.l abo ur.go v.hk .
Info r mat i o n o n t he ser vi ces o ffer ed by t he O ccupat i o nal Safet y & H eal t h C o unci l
can be o bt ai ned t hr o ugh ho t l i ne 2739 9000.