Useful Phrases 1. Besides 2. Furthermore Moreover 3. Likewise 4. Indeed 5.

Foremost confined (Restricted) Besides - Making an additional point; anyway FIRST USAGE -This is a word highly used in spoken English, used when adding a stronger reason in addition to the reason already given: -I didn't go to see the move yesterday because I was feeling tired, besides I didn't have enough money. SECOND USAGE -"in addition to someone or something else that you are mentioning": -Who else was at the party yesterday, besides you and Anne? -What do you do when you are free, besides playing tennis? Furthermore Aur bhi, adhic A soldier is being reprimanded:"As your commanding officer, I am ordering that, as punishment, you will peel potatoes in the kitchens, and furthermore, that you be confined (Restricted) to barracks for a period of one month." 'Furthermore has a more serious, formal sense. So: A wood burning fire gives just as much warmth as gas, and moreover, it's cheaper. Moreover= in addition 1. The Prime Minister is unwilling to admit that he can ever be mistaken. Moreover, he is totally incapable. 2. The peasants(kisan) are desperately(Badly, to a great extent) short of food. In addition, they urgently need doctors and medical supplies. 3. She borrowed my bike and never gave it back. And as well as that/ on top of that, she broke the lawnmower and then pretended she hadn't. 4. What are you trying to get a job as a secretary for? You'd never manage to work eight hours a day. Besides/ In any case, you can't type. Likewise Could you please tell me the meanings of the parts in red? 1. Where the admiral was a formidable figure, dignified and austere, his son was down-toearth, warm and friendly. The other airmen forgave him for being the son of their commander.

"There is no one on this earth with your warmth and intelligence." And Susan had held him tightly and whispered: Likewise, Im sure. "I'm very pleased to meet you." "Likewise, I'm sure" "I'm really keen to see that new film." "Likewise." "I don't really care for garlic in my food." "Likewise, it's too strong a taste for me." If you're wished a Merry Christmas, you'd usually respond with, "Same to you" or "And a Merry Christmas to you, too." If they say specifically, "I wish you a Merry Christmas" then you could respond with, "Likewise." I think so much can be conveyed in voice and manner. A "Likewise!" with a big smile and a happy voice can be just fine, while a cold "Happy Friendship day to you too, I'm sure" can be rude and impersonal. In general, though, I agree that "Likewise" is just a bit too easy to convey a real emotional connection. Indeed In truth vastav ma "Indeed" is (among other things) a way of emphasizing a superlative. "very good indeed" = "very, very good" (roughly) I think that is why it is used here. (1) It might be helpful if you remember that the word comes from two words: in + deed (something that has been done) In English, some single words were once two words. Of course,people speak fast, so they became one word. (2) As the other posters have already told you, indeed just emphasizes your statement. (a) If you say "Thank you," that is fine. (b) If you want the other person to know the depth (deepness) of your gratitude, you might say: [I want to] thank you, indeed [ = I am taking this opportunity to really, truly, actually convey my gratitude to you]. If you wish to strengthen the adjective "excellent," you can say:

The play was indeed excellent./ The play was excellent indeed. As Professor Quirk pointed out, sometimes "indeed" refers to the whole sentence: Indeed, the play was excellent. In that sentence, "indeed" does not refer only to "excellent." It is a comment on the whole sentence "The play was excellent." Tom: How was the play? Some newspapers said that the play was excellent. Martha: Oh, yes. Indeed (= the fact is), the play was excellent. If you were replying to someone, or want to show your agreement then I suppose 'indeed' might be added. It would depend on the context. A: Do you think the football match was any good? B: It was very good indeed. - No comma needed. In your example: 'It is true, indeed.' This doesn't sound right to me, perhaps if you could put it in context it would sound better. I would suggest if you swap the sentence around it would be better. 'Indeed, it is true'. That sounds natural and correct. Emphasis: A: Was your grandfather religious? B: In fact, my grandfather was a priest. Contradiction: A: Do you understand me? B: Actually,I can't understand you. Emphatic agreement: A: There sure are a lot of stupid people in your country. B: Indeed! There are a lot of stupid people in my country. (The last conversation seems quite unlikely, but it does help me make my point.) Foremost Survopari, Ranking above all others; Preceding all others in spatial position Germany is the foremost designer of amusement rides. Michelle Obama is the foremost first lady in foreign relations. The United States is the foremost producer of agricultural products. My father believes himself to be the foremost authority on politics; unfortunately, he is wrong. First and foremost, I would like to thank my family who always made these things possible. Homework should be your foremost priority. The President has foremost authority over the military. Foremost to make sure that all annual maintenance activity is completed. Foremost exponents of her craft and never fail to entrance her audiences. Foremost to improve the standard of living of 100's of indigenous families who live in oftenextreme poverty. Included are some of the foremost electronic composers in the world making music for two of the foremost electronic composers in the world making music for two of the foremost groups in the natural art world.

after afterwards = bad ma,uska bad ma, as soon as at first at last before before long =phala sa finally first... second... third in the first place in the meantime = yesh bech later meanwhile = tub tuc next soon then First, Second, Third, Finally Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly To indicate an example For example For instance In particular = visah rup sa Particularly - Specifically or especially distinguished from others Specifically To illustrate To demonstrate To indicate a cause or reason Since Because Because of Due to = ka karan For For the reason that As Inasmuch as Since,yadhapy Whereby - As a result of which, By which, "the means whereby we achieved our goal" To indicate a result or an effect Accordingly - because of the reason given Consequently =phalsarup, as result Hence = Athaa, Therefore So Therefore Thus =yesh prakar Thusly - In the way indicated, yeska alava Thence - From that fact or reason or as a result

Therefrom - From that circumstance or source Thereof - Of or concerning this or that, From that circumstance or source Corollary - A practical consequence that follows naturally, "blind jealousy is a frequent corollary of passionate love" To conclude For the aforementioned reasons For the aforementioned reasons, there is no doubt that To sum up the foregoing, Given these facts In conclusion In closing To conclude To express an opinion In all due fairness With good judgment, (one/we may) To describe or make Vivid = burning Portray Depict =to describe Exhibit illustrate expose present paint a portrait Limn - rachna ,Trace the shape of, make a portrait of, Delineate = Define Represent = demonstrate Constitute - Form or compose Embodied - (adj) Expressed by, Personified Embody - (v) Represent or express in tangible form Embodiment To prove Manifest pragut, Provide evidence for; stand as proof of Attest - Provide evidence for testify - Provide evidence for certify - Provide evidence for Endorse, indorse - Give support or one's approval to shew - Establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment establish instance - (v) Clarify by giving an example of exemplify - (v) Clarify by giving an example of To compare or contrast Whereas In comparison

In contrast However Although On the other hand Likewise Similarly But Yet Withal - Despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) Withal - Together with this Nevertheless - Despite anything to the contrary Nonetheless - Despite anything to the contrary Notwithstanding - Despite anything to the contrary Even so - Despite anything to the contrary All the same - Despite anything to the contrary To indicate time After Before Currently During Eventually Finally First, Second, etc. Formerly Immediately Initially Lastly Later Meanwhile Next Once Previously Simultaneously Soon Subsequently Subsequent - Following in time and order Hitherto, Heretofore - Used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time, The sun hasnt rose hitherto. In due time Henceforth To indicate certainty Truly Sincerely Genuinely Surely

Rightfully Absolutely Indubitably Certainly Without doubt Needless to say To indicate doubt Most likely More likely Possibly Probably Dubitable - Open to doubt or suspicion Dubious - Distressed with uncertainty or doubt To summarize Overall To summarize In summary To sum up Paraphrased Briefly In brief Summing up To put it briefly prcis - A sketchy summary, Make a summary (of) synopsis - A sketchy summary apercu - A short synopsis To provide a condition provision, proviso - A stipulated condition stipulate - Specify as a condition or requirement in a contract given if whether whenever when while To express positive words magnificent grandeur - The quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand, the quality of being exalted in character or ideals or conduct magnanimous - The quality of being exalted in character or ideals or conduct fantastic fantastical phenomenal wonderful extraordinary

marvelous superb good fine great avid - Emotionally desirable avid ambition to succeed excellent spectacular prodigious grand brilliant glorious - Bringing great happiness and thankfulness illustrious - Widely known and esteemed notable - Worthy of notice respected impressive splendid splendiferous - Having great beauty and splendor resplendent - Having great beauty and splendor, Richly and brilliantly colorful flamboyant - Elaborately or excessively ornamented, Richly and brilliantly colorful redoubtable - Having or worthy of pride formidable - Extremely impressive in strength or excellence prowess superior terrific tremendous wondrous - Extraordinarily good wonderful sublime - Inspiring awe, Lifted up or set high flair - natural talent knack - A special way of doing something outshine - Attract more attention and praise than others paramount - Having superior power and influence predominant preponderating Prevailing To show intelligence profound shrewd hardheaded (practical experience and observation) intelligence astute acumen - Shrewdness shown by keen insight insightful savvy - The cognitive condition of someone who understands cognition - The psychological result of perception, learning and reasoning

genius smart sharp keen mastermind Einstein - Someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality work of art fine art maven - Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field mavin - Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field adept - Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field whiz - Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field wizard - Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field To intensify incredibly exceedingly toppingly - extremely well extremely extraordinarily truly really very utterly - Completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers, With sublimity; in a sublime manner absolutely perfectly sublimely dramatically sheer - (adj.) Complete and without restriction or qualification; sometimes used informally as an intensifier; (adv.) Directly "he fell sheer into the water" Said Enounced, enunciated - Speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way pronounced - Speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way articulated - Express or state clearly vocalized - Express or state clearly posited - Put firmly stated expressed reported alleged - Declared but not proved averred - Report or maintain, To declare or affirm in a grave manner and formally as true affirmed, asserted wrote composed

indited - Produce a literary work penned - Produce a literary work spelt - Indicate or signify voiced, sounded - Give voice to demean - Reduce in worth or character, usually verbally Noted (said) remarked denoted - Be a sign or indication of, "Her smile denoted that she agreed" observed commented mentioned referred announced noticed Precisely - Exactly, accurately, specifically explicitly accurately expressly exactly Incisively- Perceptively, judiciously, cleverly ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Numerous - Many, frequent, plentiful Innumerable -Countless Many Various several diverse Umpteen = many umteen myriad (noun and adj.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------Praise = admire extol - (v) Praise, glorify, or honor exalt glorify laud proclaim revere idolize worship venerate Call Forth

evoke - Call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses) arouse - Call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses) elicit - Call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses) enkindle - Call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses) provoke - Call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses) inflame - Arouse or excite feelings and passions awake - Stop sleeping conjure - Evoke or call forth, with or as if by magic invoke - Evoke or call forth, with or as if by magic summon - Gather or bring together Instill - deposit gradually MAY I BORROW A .? CAN YOU LEND ME .? MAY I BORROW YOUR ..? PLEASE, LEND ME YOUR .

Good Introductions First, you need to express your positive feeling about writing the letter. Then explain how long you have known the person and what your relationship has been (supervisor, teacher, coworker). Sentences: I am delighted to be called upon as a reference for John Smart. I first became acquainted with Mr. Smart in 1992, when he joined the... Mr. Smart has asked me to write a letter of recommendation to accompany his application for PhD program in Physics at MIT. I am very pleased to do so. It has been a pleasure to be Mr. Smart's supervisor since 1990. I am happy to write this letter of recommendation for Steven Smart. In this letter I would like to express my respect and appreciation for this bright young person, who brought outstanding contribution to the work of my group. I have no hesitancy in writing a letter of recommendation for Mr. Smart. It is a pleasure to write a letter of recommendation for as Ms. Smart. I have known Ms. Smart since 1993, when she enrolled in my accounting class. I was Mr. Smart's teacher in two advanced quantum mechanics classes during winter

semester, 1995. Phrases: am honored to support him as a candidate am pleased to provide a reference for am delighted to be called upon am happy to recommend am pleased to comment on can offer only the highest recommendation for first became acquainted with first came to my attention when has worked directly under my supervision has been a pleasure to supervise have known Ms. Doe for have no hesitation in recommending have been his supervisor since her performance as a his qualifications and performance have had the opportunity to in the past two years is a pleasure to recommend was a student in two of my classes Describing Person's Qualifications Discuss the person's qualifications for the graduate study in the chosen field. Statements of past performance, accomplishments, and contributions are helpful. The more relevant the items mentioned, and the greater the detail, the better your letter will communicate your positive recommendation. General comments provide a neutral recommendation or suggest that you do not really recommend the person highly. Sentences: Since the beginning of our collaboration I know him as an energetic and goal-oriented person. Some of the main Irinas attributes are her persistence and diligence sometimes even ranging with obsession with work. He grasps new concepts quickly and accepts constructive criticism and instruction concerning his work. While she was with us she supervised the maintenance of all computer networks. This responsibility involved working with 42 separate offices.

He has proactively joined research at our institute. I would like to mention here, that John is accurate and thorough in his research, pays attention to details and has no dread of routine work. His extraordinary ability to analyze problems and outline necessary courses of action was invaluable. In a class of thirty, he completed the course with the second highest grade. That was mostly due to her assiduity and devotion to work that she was soon able to proceed with actual experiments. I would like to say that it is pleasant to work with Michael, he is reliable and intelligent person with good sense of humor. Her greatest talent is in developing innovations for new products. John always takes an active part in scientific discussions, demonstrating maturity, strong ability to defend his ideas while paying careful attention to opponents remarks. She finishes her work on schedule. When she has a concern or question about an assignment, she speaks her mind clearly and directly, giving voice to what others may feel but cannot or will not say. From our collaboration I can conclude that George has a strong motivation for scientific work. He is a focused and determined person. Phrases: a creative problem-solver always cheerful and dependable always behaves professionally broad range of skills can attest to his integrity careful attention to detail comments are well thought out and clearly articulated communicates her ideas clearly communicates effectively in writing completely loyal and trustworthy demonstrated particular strengths in follows tasks through to completion gets along well with others handles responsibility well

has a take-charge personality has a flair for organization her sensitivity and concern for others is innovative and creative is a tireless worker is mature beyond her years is intelligent and ambitious is personable and easy to work with keeps calm under pressure meticulous attention to detail one of our finest, most well-rounded undergraduates outstanding leadership abilities punctual and hard working self-motivated individual wide-range knowledge of willing to go beyond what is required willing to take on new responsibilities works efficiently and effectively works independently and effectively works well with little supervision Good Endings Close with a clear statement of your recommendation and a willingness to cooperate further. Sentences: Mr. Bright will be a great addition to your program. If I can further assist, please e-mail or call me. Jane Bright has my strong recommendation. She will be a credit to your program. I am confident that Mr. Bright will continue to be very productive. He has my highest recommendation. I give her my highest recommendation, without reservation. Please send e-mail or call me if you have further questions. I believe in Johns outstanding abilities for scientific work and strongly recommend him for further education at your university, where he can develop and apply his bright talents. It is satisfying to be able to give him my highest recommendation. I hope this information proves helpful.

I enthusiastically recommend Mr. Bright as a promising candidate. Seldom have I been able to recommend someone without reservation. It is a pleasure to do so in the case of John Bright. I will be pleased to answer any additional questions you may have. I am very interested in Mr. Bright's application and will be happy to provide further information. Phrases: every confidence in her ability to give my unqualified recommendation has always proved satisfactory has my highest recommendation have admiration and respect for have no reservations in hope this information proves helpful if I can further assist if you have further questions if you need additional information if you would like more information recommend without reservation recommend her very highly request your favorable consideration of should be given serious consideration should you have any questions will meet your expectations will be successful in any enterprise he undertakes will be a credit to your will measure up to your high standards will be a great addition to would be an asset to your program would be a valuable addition to Words to Avoid Do not include comments about race, color, religion, handicap, sex, national origin, marital status, or parental status. Yours faithfully - Bhavdeev Yours sincerly - Aapka Yours truely - Bhavdeev, Aapka

Go Away - Chale Jao Come here - Idhar aao Shut up - Chup Raho I Like (something)... I like playing football. - Mujhe football khelanaa pasand hai. Do you like listening to music? - Kya aap sangeet sunanaa pasand karte hai? I hope to win the first prize. - Mujhe pratham puraskaar milne kii aashaa hai. I don't like standing about in a cold wet wind. - Mujhe thunde aur geele hawaa ke beech khada rahena pasand nahi hai. I want something to eat. - Mai kuchh khaanaa chahta hoon. Do you want to go home? - Kya, aap ghar jaanaa chahte hain? I love you - Mujhe tumse pyar hai; Mein tumse pyar karta hun Beyond words of praise - kyaa kahanaa I really love you - Mujhe tumse such me pyar hai, Mein such me tumse pyar karta hun From the bottom of my heart - Dil kee gaharaeon se I love you with all my heart - Mujhe tumse dil se pyar hai Love - Pyar, Mohabbat True love - Sachaa Pyar Bond of friendship - DostI ka bandhan I care about you - Mujhe tumhari fikar hai That was funny - Woh Hansane wali baat thi I am (Noun/Adjective)... I am hungry and thirsty. - Mai bhukhaa aur pyaasaa hoon. I am enjoying my meal. - Mai apne khaane kaa anand le rahaa hoon. I am brave and fearless. - Mai bahadur aur nidar hoon. You are beautiful. - Aap khubsoorat hain. You are young and strong. - Aap jawaan aur balshaalii hain. You are intelligent and hard working. - Aap budhimaan aur mehnatii hain. I will never forgive him - Mein use kabhi muaf nahii karuungaa