POSTDETECTION MACRO SC DIVERSITY SYSTEM WITH TWO MICRO DIVERSITY SYSTEMS FOR FSK DEMODULATION

Borivoje Milosevic
Technical College - VTS, Nis, Serbia

Mihajlo Stefanovic
Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Nis,Serbia

Abstract In this paper the dual SC ( Selection Combining ) diversity system is considered. The correlated Rayleigh fading is presented. Macrodiversity system consists of the two Microdiversity systems with SC combining and three branches receivers for FSK signal demodulation. The probability density function of the dual SC output signals and the joint probability density function of output signal and its first time derivative is determined. Keywords: FSK, PDF, CDF, MGF, Rayleigh channels, SC, Postdetection.

INTRODUCTION Diversity combining is one of the most practical, effective and widely employed techniques in digital communication receivers for mitigating the effect of multipath fading and improving the overall wireless systems performance. In this paper we considered characteristic of signals at the output of macro SC diversity system in the presence of Rayleigh fading. Macrodiversity combiner takes out signal which has larger input power. In this chapter, a diversity system of FSK modulated signal with two branches is observed. Each receiver has three branches. Each branch contains a narrow-band filter and an envelope detector. Signal demodulation is noncoherent. Each receiver's branch contains a narrow filter and a linear envelope detector. A square - law envelope detector can be used as well, since it is much easier to handle. On the basis of the results for signal probability density at the system output, when a linear envelope detector is used, it is possible, by simple transformation, to obtain the signal probability density at the output of the system when a square-law envelope detector is used. The probability density function is calculated at the output of Macrodiversity system and by help with that probability density, error probability, system probability,

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INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 19 20 November 2010, GABROVO

Slobodan Obradovic
Technical College - VISER, Belgrade, Serbia

Radoslav Bogdanovic
ZTP, Nis, Serbia

cumulative probability density, moment generating function and average symbol error rate, can be calculated. EXPOSITION In this paper we considered macro diversity system, figure 1, made from two micro diversity systems. Each micro diversity system is made from two receivers. Each receiver has three branches for FSK signal demodulation. Each branch contains a narrow-band filter and an envelope detector. Output signals from the first receiver envelope detector and the first micro diversity system are: x111 , x112 , x113 . Output signals from the second receiver envelope detector and the first micro diversity system are: x121 , x122 , x123 . Output signals from the first receiver envelope detector and the second micro diversity system are: x211 , x212 , x213 . Output signals from the second receiver envelope detector and the second micro diversity system are: x221 , x222 , x223 . Output signal from the first micro diversity system is: x1 .

Signal x1 is equal to x111 if

x111 > x112 , x111 > x113 , x111 > x121 , . x111 > x122 , x111 > x123

Signal x1 = x112 if
x112 > x111 ,
x112 > x113 ,

x112 > x121 , x112 > x122 ,

Signal x1 = x113 if
x113 > x111 , x113 > x112 ,

x113 > x121 , x113 > x122 , x113 > x123 .

Fig. 1. System model

Signal x1 = x121 if
x121 > x111 ,
x121 > x112 , x121 > x113 ,

Output signal from the second micro diversity system is: x2 . Signal x2 is equal to x211 if:
x211 > x212 x 211 > x 213 , x 211 > x 221 , . x 211 > x 222 , x 211 > x 223 Signal x2 = x212 if x212 > x211 ,
x212 > x213 ,

x121 > x122 , x121 > x123 .

Signal x1 = x122 if
x122 > x111 , x122 > x112 , x122 > x113 , . x122 > x121 , x122 > x123 Signal x1 = x123 if x123 > x111 , x123 > x112 , x123 > x113 , . x123 > x121 , x123 > x122

x212 > x221 , x212 > x222 ,

x212 > x223 . Signal x2 = x213 if x213 > x211 , x213 > x212 , x213 > x221 , x213 > x222 , x213 > x223 .

Based on the expression above we can say:

x1 = m ax( x111 , x112 , x113 , x121 , x122 , x123 ) .

Signal x2 = x221 if
x221 > x211 ,
x 221 > x 212 , x 221 > x 213

x221 > x222

x221 > x223 .

Signal x2 = x222 if
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x222 > x211 ,

x 222 > x 212 , x 222 > x 213 ,

p x111 ( x111 ) = =

x 222 > x 221 , x 222 > x 223 Signal x2 = x223 if x223 > x211 , x223 > x212 , x 223 > x 213 , x 223 > x 221 , x 223 > x 222

n 1

x111
2 1

2 x111 + A 2 (1+Cn ) 2 2 21

e
A2 21

x A(1 + Cn ) I 0 111 2 1
(ln 1 1 ) 2 2 2

d e
0 1

dA 2 1 ................................(4)
2

Based on the expression above we can say:

x2 = m ax( x211 , x212 , x213 , x221 , x222 , x223 ) .

Signal probability density of x112 x113 are Rayleigh:

2 x px112 ( x112 ) = 112 e 2 1 12
2 x113 2 x112

and

Signals x1 and x2 are connected to the inputs of the macro diversity combiner. Signal at the output of the macro diversity combiner is x. Macro diversity combiner is selective [1,4,5,6,19,28,51,124,125],. Signal at the output x is equal to the signal x1 if P > P2 . 1 Otherwise, if P < P2 then the signal at the 1 output of the macro diversity combiner x is equal to x2 . P and P are total power of 1 2 the first and second micro diversity systems. Conditional density probability x111 is:

2 x px113 ( x113 ) = 113 e 2 1 ...........................(5) 2 1

Signal probability density of x121 is:

px121 ( x121 ) =

x121
2 1

2 x121 + A 2 (1+Cn ) 2 2 21

e
A2

x A(1 + Cn ) I 0 121 2 1 e
(ln 1 1 ) 2 2 2

x111 px111 ( x111 / A, n) = 2 e 1

2 x111 + A 2 (1+ Cn ) 2

12

x111 A(1 Cn) A 21 I0 0d1 1 e 12

1 2 1
2

dA

................................(1) Impulse number probability of the impulse noise is:

P ( n) =

.............................(6) Signal probability density of x122

x123 are Rayleigh:
2 x px122 ( x122 ) = 122 e 2 1 12
2 x122

and

n!

e .........................................(2)

Density probability of amplitude A is:

p A ( A) =

A 1 2 d e 2 1 e 2 . 2 2 1 .................................(3)

(ln )

px123 ( x123 ) =

x123 e 12

2 x123

2 12

...........................(7)

Signal probability density of x211 is:

By averaging, signal probability density is obtained x111 :

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p x211 ( x211 ) = =

x211 e 2 2

2 x211 + A 2 (1+Cn ) 2 2 2 2

x A(1 + Cn ) I 0 211 2 2 e
(ln 2 2 ) 2
2 2 2

+ p x112 ( x1 ) Fx111 ( x1 ) Fx113 ( x1 ) Fx121 ( x1 ) Fx122 ( x1 ) Fx123 ( x1 )

+ p x113 ( x1 ) Fx111 ( x1 ) Fx112 ( x1 ) Fx121 ( x1 ) Fx122 ( x1 ) Fx123 ( x1 )

d2

A e 2

A2 2 2

1 2 2
2

dA

+ p x121 ( x1 ) Fx111 ( x1 ) Fx112 ( x1 ) Fx113 ( x1 ) Fx122 ( x1 ) Fx123 ( x1 )

+ p x122 ( x1 ) Fx111 ( x1 ) Fx112 ( x1 ) Fx113 ( x1 ) Fx121 ( x1 ) Fx123 ( x1 )
+ p x123 ( x1 ) Fx111 ( x1 ) Fx112 ( x1 ) Fx113 ( x1 ) Fx121 ( x1 ) Fx122 ( x1 )

.............................(8) Signal probability density of x212 x213 are Rayleigh: and

.............................(12) Signal probability density at the output from the second micro diversity system x2 is:

x px 212 ( x212 ) = 212 e 2 2 x px 213 ( x213 ) = 213 e 2 2

2 x 212 2 2 2

2 x 213 2 2 2

..........................(9)

p x 2 ( x2 ) = px 211 ( x2 ) Fx 212 ( x2 ) Fx 213 ( x2 ) Fx 221 ( x2 ) Fx 222 ( x2 ) F

+ p x 212 ( x2 ) Fx 211 ( x2 ) Fx 213 ( x2 ) Fx 221 ( x2 ) Fx 222 ( x2 ) Fx 223 ( x2 )

Signal probability density of x221 is:

p x221 ( x221 ) = =

+ p x 213 ( x2 ) Fx 211 ( x2 ) Fx 212 ( x2 ) Fx 221 ( x2 ) Fx 222 ( x2 ) Fx 223 ( x2 )

+ p x 221 ( x2 ) Fx 211 ( x2 ) Fx 212 ( x2 ) Fx 213 ( x2 ) Fx 222 ( x2 ) Fx 223 ( x2 )

2 x221 + A 2 (1+Cn ) 2 2 2 2

x221 e 2 2

x A(1 + Cn ) I 0 221 2 2 e
(ln 2 2 ) 2
2 2 2

+ p x 222 ( x2 ) Fx 211 ( x2 ) Fx 212 ( x2 ) Fx 213 ( x2 ) Fx 221 ( x2 ) Fx 223 ( x2 )

d2

A e 2

A2 2 2

+ p x 223 ( x2 ) Fx 211 ( x2 ) Fx 212 ( x2 ) Fx 213 ( x2 ) Fx 221 ( x2 ) Fx 222 ( x2 )

1 2 2
2

dA

.............................(13) If macro diversity combiner selects according to the extent of signal amplitude at the outputs of the micro diversity combiner and if there is no slow fading, then the signal probability density of x is:
p x ( x ) = px1 ( x) Fx 2 ( x) + p x 2 ( x ) Fx1 ( x ) ...(14)

.............................(10) Signal probability density of x222 x223 are Rayleigh:

2 x px 222 ( x222 ) = 222 e 2 2 2 2
2 x 222

and

Cummulative power probability density of

P and P is: 1 2

px 223 ( x223 ) =

x223 e 2 2

2 x 223 2 2 2

.................(11)
p P1P2 ( P P2 ) = 1 e

1
2 2 3 (1 r 2 ) P P2 1
2 23 (1r 2 )

(ln P 1 ) 2 2 r (ln P 1 )(ln P2 2 ) +(ln P2 2 ) 2 1 1

.....

Signal probability density at the output from the first micro diversity system x1 is:

..(15) combiner selects

p x1 ( x1 ) = p x111 ( x1 ) Fx112 ( x1 ) Fx113 ( x1 ) Fx121 ( x1 ) Fx122 ( x1IfFx123 ( x1 ) + diversity ) macro

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according to the signal power at the inputs of the micro diversity combiners, then the signal probability density at its output is equal:
p x ( x) = d 1 P + d 1 P
0

Central moment of the n-th order is:

( x x ) n = ( x x ) n p x ( x )dx ..............(23) 0

Based on the calculated moments could be determined signal characteristic function and P 1 can determine the optimal receivers 1 = dP1 dP2 p x1 ( x / P1 ) 2 2 0 0 2 3 (1 r ) P1 P2 parameters set. Of all of these moments in practice is most commonly used the second (ln P 1 ) 2 2 r (ln P 1 )(ln P2 2 ) +(ln P2 2 ) 2 1 1 central moment or variance of the signal. 2 2 23 (1r ) e + Starting with the moment generating function ( MGF ) of the SC output, signal-to-noise 1 + dP1 dP2 p x2 ( x / P2 ) ratio ( SNR ), we can derive closed-form 2 2 0 P 1 23 (1 r ) P1 P2 expressions for the average combined SNR, outage probability, and average error 2 (ln P 1 ) 2 r (ln P 1 )(ln P2 2 ) +(ln P2 2 ) 2 1 1 2 2 probability of a wide variety of modulation 23 (1r ) e schemes operating over diversity paths. ..........................(16)
P 1

dP dP p
0 0 2

P 1

p P P2 ( P P2 ) p x1 ( x / P ) + 1 1 1 ( P P2 ) p x2 ( x / P2 ) = 1

P P2 1

Average signal value at the output x is:

x = xp x ( x ) dx .....................................(17) 0

Mean square value of the signal at the output x:

x 2 = x 2 p x ( x ) dx .................................(18) 0

CONCLUSION Using some reasonable approximations we have analyzed the performance of the dual SC ( Selection Combining ) diversity system, while the performer is noncoherent FSK demodulation of binary frequency modulated signal. Hopefully, this work will be a basis for further research on this very promising diversity noncoherent technique. REFERENCE
[1] W. Tsao, S.C. Yang: Performance Analysis of Optical FSK Phase Diversity Receivers in the Presence of Thermal Noise. Journal of Optical Communications 10 (1989) 3, pp. 97-100. [2] H.W. Tsao, Y.H. Lee: Performance Analysis of Optical Phase Diversity FSK Receiver Using Delay-and-Multiplying Diskriminator. Journal of Optical Communications 13 (1992) 1, pp. 8-16. [3] Mihajlo Stefanovi, Stefan Pani, Aleksandar Mosi, Marko Petkovi, Duan Stefanovi, Selektivno kombinovanje kanala sa korelisanim - fedingom, TELFOR 2008, Bg, Serbia. [4] A. Annamalai, C. Tellambura, and V. K. Bhargava, Equal-gain diversity receiver performance in wireless channels, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 48, pp. 17321745, Oct. 2000. [5] M. K. Simon and M.-S. Alouini, Digital Communication over Fading Channels. 1st ed., New York: John Wiley, 2000.

The mean value of the cubic signal at the output x is:

x 3 = x 3 p x ( x) dx .................................(19) 0

Moment of the n-th signal order at the output x is:

x n = x n p x ( x ) dx .................................(20) 0

Central moment of the second order is:

( x x ) 2 = ( x x ) 2 p x ( x )dx ..............(21) 0

Central moment of the third order is:

( x x )3 = ( x x )3 p x ( x )dx ..............(22) 0

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[6] J. Luo, J. R. Zeidler, and S. McLaughlin, Performance analysis of compact antenna arrays with MRC in correlated Nakagami fading channels, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 50, pp. 267277, Jan. 2001. [7] Borivoje Milosevic, Vasko Todosijevic, Radoslav Bodganovic, The statistics characteristics on output signals of MRC or EGC diversity sistems in the presence of the fading, UNITECH 2008, Bulgaria. [8] Mihajlo Stefanovi, Daniela Milovi, Dragana Krsti-Indji and Petar Spalevi, Influence of Interchannel Interference on Optical Phase Diversity FSK Systems, Facta Univ. Ser.: Elec. Energ., vol. 11, No. 3, 1998, pp. 285-290 [9] Dragana Krsti, Mihajlo Stefanovi, Petar Spalevi Diversity System with L Brunches for the Demodulation of n-FSK Signals, XLI International Scientific Conference on Information, Communication and Energy

Systems and Technologies- ICEST 2006, jun 2006, Sofia, Bulgaria [10] M. Alouini and M. Simon, Performance of Coherent Receivers with Hybrid SC/MRC over Nakagami-m Fading Channels, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 48, pp. 1155-1164, July 1999. [11] Annamalai and Tellambura, Error Rates of Hybrid SC/MRC Diversity Systems on Nakagami-m Channels, Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, pp. 227-231, Sept. 2000. [12] A. Annamalai and C. Tellambura, Performance Evaluation of Generalized Selection Diversity Systems over Nakagamim Fading Channels, to appear in the International Journal on Wireless Communicationsand Mobile Computing, Wiley, 2002.

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