function: keeping the own antigen environment, eliminating the

foreign substances/antigens
lymphoid tissue lymphoid organs:
primary (red bone marrow, thymus): development of
lymphocytes
secondrary(lymph node, spleen, tonsils, Peyer s patches,
appendix): mature lymphocytes can be found here
basic tissue: lymphoreticular- reticular connective tissue,
reticular fibers, reticular cells; thymus: epithelial reticular cells
main cell types: lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells,
endothelial cells
unit of the lymphoid tissue
round, oval structure, many lymphocytes
primary: dark, ruond, little lymphocytes, intrauterine
secondary: bigger (200-400 m), originating from the primary,
in the middle: light area- germinal center (centroblasts,
centrocytes, FDC), peripheral: cap zone
structure of a lymphoid follicle

cap zone

germinal center
along the course of lymphatic vessels
bean-shaped, encapsulated organs
afferent lymphatic vessels efferent lymphatic vessels
connective tissue capsule trabeculae hilus
among trabeculae: reticular connective tissue
cortex: lymphoid follicles (B dep. zone)
paracortex: no lymphoid nodules (T dep. zone)
medulla: medullary lymphoid sinuses, medullary cords
marginal sinus intermediate sinus medullary
sinus efferent lymphatic vessels (hilus)
 cortex

paracortex

trabecula

medulla

lymphoid follicle

24. lymph node (HE)

 epithelial, lymphatic, adipose form during life
2 lobes+ capsule lobules
cortex: peripheral, darker, thymocytes, macrophages,
epithelial reticulum cells
medulla: central, lighter, more epithelial reticulum
cells, Hassal-corpuscules (eosinophil,concentrically
arranged,flattened epithelial cells with keratohyalin
granules), neuroendocrine cells, myoid (Hammar)
cells
no lymph follicles
function: mature and differentiation of T lymphocytes
blood-thymus barrier: pericytes, capillary basal lamina,
basal lamina of the epithelial reticular cell, cells of the
endothelium, epithelial reticular cells
 interlobular connective tissue

medulla

cortex

25. Thymus,HE
medulla

Hassal s
corpuscles 25. Thymus,HE
intraperitoneal organ
connective tissue capsule trabeculae parenchyma (pulp)
red pulp (80%), white pulp (20%)
reticular connective tissue, reticulum cells, reticular fibers
red pulp: Billroth s cords, sinuses
white pulp: PALS (A. centralis- T dep. zone), lymhoid follicles
Malpighi (B dependent), marginal zone
open and closed circulation
 red pulp

capsules
white pulp

trabecules

26. Spleen, HE
PALS

26. Spleen, HE
lymhoid tissue in the mucosa
Waldeyer s lymphatic ring:
pharyngeal tonsils
palatine tonsils
tubal tonsils
lingual tonsils
tonsillary epithelium+ lymhoid tissue (lymphoreticular connective tissue)
tubal and pharyngeal t.: ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
lingual and palatine t.: stratified squamos nonkeratinized epithelium
epithelium crypts: lingual t.- shallow, wide// palatine t.: narrow, deep
lingual t.: seromucous glands crypts, strited muscle fibers
follicles (B dep.), interfollicular area (T dep.)
epithelium is often infiltrated with lymphocytes
 tonsillary
crypt
epithelium

lymphoid follicles

27. Palatine tonsil, HE

crypt

stratified squamous
nonkeratinized
epithelium

lymphoid follicle

27. Palatine tonsil, HE

 crypt
lymphoid tissue

tonsillary
epithelium

seromucous
glands

28. Lingual tonsil, HE

stratified muscle fibers seromucous glands

28. Lingual tonsil, HE