Spinal cord: cervical segment

posteromedian
posteriomedian sulcus
septum
posterolateral sulcus
(for posterior radix)

GREY MATTER: Nuclei and

white Rexed laminae
matter
WHITE MATTER: Tracts and
fascicules

anterolateral sulcus
anteromedian posterior funicule
(for anterior radix)
fissure lateral funicule

posterior horn / sensory horn

anterior horn / motoric horn

white commissure anterior funicule

 Spinal cord cervical segment:
HE (Slide 80) vs. myeline staining (Slide 81)
posteromedian septum

central canal

white commissure
Slide 80: Spinal cord, HE (low magnification)
posteromedian
septum

POST.
HORN

central
Virchow-Robin canal
perivascular ependyma
spaces
+ artefact

white
commissure
anteromedian
ANT. fissure
HORN
 Anterior horn:
DEITERS neurons ( - / lower motoneurons)

Slide 80: Spinal cord, Slide 80: Spinal cord, HE (high magnif.)
HE (medium magnif.)

nucleolus

nucleus

nucleus of glial cell

Deiters s neuron:
- multipolar
- cholinergic (acetylcholine)
- it has A neurofiber (120 m/s speed spread)
- innervated by an interneuron, which regulated by the
upper motoneuron, called Betz pyramidal cell
 Anterior horn : DEITERS motoneuron
Slide 80: Spinal cord, HE (high magnification)

nucleus of
glial cell

capillares
(erythrocytes)
 Myelin staining: Deiters motoneuron
and axons can be seen indirectly
Slide 81: Spinal cord, myelin staining (high magnif.)

axon

myelin sheath

long
cross- section
section of
of neuro- neuro-
fibers fibers

White matter Grey matter

 Sensory ganglion
Types of sensory ganglions
Spinal or intervertebral ganglia
Sensory ganglia of the cranial nerves
V.: Gasser / trigeminal / semilunar ganglion
VII.: genicular ggl.
VIII.: spiral, vestibular ggl.
IX.: superior, inferior / petrosal ggl.
X.: superior / jugular, inferior / nodal ggl.
Neurontypes of the spinal ganglion
pseudounipolar neuron L (large) and SD (small dark) cells
Except: bipolar neuron spiral and vestibular ganglion
Spinal / intervertebral ganglion
Slide 76: Spinal ganglion, HE (low magnif.)

Paraneurium
(outer connective tissue
capsule)

Pseudounipolar (L and SD)

neurons
+
satellite glial cells

Neurofibers of the
posterior root
(long sect.)
Slide 76 : Spinal ganglion, HE (high magnif.)

Perikaryons of the
pseudounipolar neurons
Nuclei of
the glia cells

Neurofibers (l.s.) L
SD

Nuclei of
Schwann-cells
axon
 Spinal Ggl.:
pseudounipolar neurontypes
L (large) SD (small dark)
pseudounipol. pseudounipol.
neuron neuron
Staining heterogen homogen, dark
Content of
large small
neurofilaments
Type of myelinated, A-type unmyelinated, C-
neurofiber (fast) type (slow)
Sensibility epicritic protopathic
Main neuro- Glu SP
transmitter (glutamate) (substance-P)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Min. one periferic relay can be found!

Paravertebral ggl.
No autonomic
or
center can be
Praevertebral ggl.
found!

praeganglionic fiber Intramural ggl.

postganglionic fiber

Parts Praeganglionar (Post)ganglionar

of ANS neuron neuron
SY autonomic
center
= lateral horn Th-L spinal Paravertebral ggl.,
Sympathetic
segment Praevertebrale ggl.
NS
Brainstem, Cranial psy ggll.
PSY autonomic
Parasymp.
center NS S spinal segment
= lateral horn
Intramural ggl.
No autonomic Enteral NS -
center!
 Vegetative Ganglia

Sympathetic NS Parasympathetic NS
Paravertebral Praevertebral Cranial Intramural
Ggl. Ggl. Ggl. Ggl.
cervical ggl.
(2-3 pairs), *, coeliac ggl.,
ciliar ggl. (III.),
thoracical ggl. sup. and inf.
mesenteric ggl., pterygopalatinal many, in also the
(10-13 pairs), and enteric NS can be
lumbal ggl. aorticorenal ggl., submandibular found, belonging
(4 pairs), suprarenal ggl., ggl. to vagus nerve
sacral ggl. uterovaginal ggl., (VII.), (X.)
(4-5 pairs), etc. otic ggl. (IX.)
impar ggl.

* stellat / cervicothoracic ggl. = inf. cervicale + first thoracical ggl.

Slide 79: Vegetative ggl., Ag impregnation

Perikaryons of the
MULTIPOLAR neurons

Neurofibers
 Development of the Neurofibers (myelinated axons
or dendrites) in the CNS, and in the PNS

Schwann - cell
Redlich Obersteiner
line / zone
Schwann
- cell Schmidt Lantermann
incisure

Oligodendroglia

Oligo-
dendro-
glia

NO Schmidt Lantermann incisure!

 Nerve = bundle of periferical neurofibers:
connective tissue layers
Layers Flavour Transition
Paraneurium Round the fascicules and Epidural connective tissue
nervetruncs (if it exists)
Epineurium Round the nerve Dura mater
Round the funicule (small Arachnoidea
Perineurium
bundle of neurofibers)
Endoneurium Round the neurofiber Pia mater

BM Schwann -
cell ve
Ner
axon
ule
myelin ic
sheath fun Epineurium
Perineurium
of i ber
r
neu
Endoneurium
 Paraneurium
Epineurium

Perineurium

Fat tissue Endoneurium

artery, vein
Slide 72: Nerve, cross section, HE

Perineurium

Nucleus
of Schwann-cell

Axon

Myelin sheath

Nucleus of Fibrocyte
(in the endoneurium)
Slide 74: Nerve, cross section, Osmium

Axon

Myelin sheath

Endoneurium

Perineurium
Slide 73: Nerve, long section, HE.

Nucleus of Fibrocyte
(endoneurium)

Ranvier node nucleus

of Schwann-cell

Axon
Slide 73: Nerve, long section, HE

Nucleus of
Schwann-cell

node of Ranvier
Slide 75: Nerve, Hm., Osmium

node of Ranvier

Axon

Myelin sheath