OSB Performance by Design TM

Oriented Strand Board

in Wood Frame Construction
Canadian Edition 2004
 ABOUT THIS MANUAL
This Manual has been developed to provide the designer, specifier, builder
and home buyer with as complete a source of information as possible on the
specification and use of oriented strand board (OSB). Now in its fourteenth
printing, it has been completely revised to reflect recent code changes, new
standards, new information and new products. It also reflects the growth of
the Structural Board Association as the leading voice of the OSB Industry.

WAIVER OF RESPONSIBILITY
Every effort has been taken to ensure that the information published in
this manual is accurate and as complete as possible. The Structural
Board Association does not, however, assume responsibility for errors or
omissions in this publication, nor for any designs or specifications based
on it. It is the specifier’s and/or user’s responsibility to obtain the
necessary approvals and inspections from the local building officials.

Performance by Design TM is a registered trademark of the Structural Board Association.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SBA committed its technical resources and engaged the services of Quaile Engineering Ltd. and
Kwik Kopy Design & Print Centre. We would also like to acknowledge the participation of several
industry reviewers who ensured the completeness of this manual. Cover photos courtesy of
Cloverdale Truss Co. Ltd. (Surrey, BC) and Weyerhaeuser Canada Ltd. (Edmonton, AB).

© Copyright 2004 Structural Board Association

TM422 03M0804 ISBN 1-896479-02-2
Printed in Canada
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Oriented Strand Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.2 Research Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

2.0 Manufacturing Process

2.1 Basic Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
2.2 Performance by Design ™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
2.3 Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
2.4 OSB and the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

3.0 OSB Products

3.1 Panel Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
3.2 OSB Conforming to CSA O325.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
3.3 OSB Conforming to CSA O437.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
3.4 U.S. Standard PS 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
3.5 Panel Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

4.0 Properties
4.1 Physical and Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
4.2 Other Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

5.0 Residential and Low Rise Commercial Installation

5.1 Floor Sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5.1.1 Fastening for Floor Sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
5.1.2 Finished Flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
5.1.3 Concrete Topping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
5.1.4 Hardwood Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
5.1.5 Ceramic Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
5.1.6 Floor Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
5.2 Floor Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
5.3 Roof Sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
5.3.1 Ventilation of Attic and Cathedral Roof Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
5.3.2 Prevention of Ice Damming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
5.3.3 Truss Uplift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
5.4 Wall Sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
5.5 Exterior Siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
5.6 Moisture During Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
5.7 Detailing and Good Construction Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
5.8 Shipping Handling and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
5.9 Maximum Loads for CSA O325 OSB Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

6.0 Other Uses for OSB

6.1 Structural Insulated Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
6.2 Wood I-Joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
6.2.1 Engineered Floor Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
6.3 Renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
6.4 Industrial Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
6.5 Engineering Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
6.6 Horizontal Diaphragms and Shearwalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
6.7 OSB Panels over Metal Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

i
Figure 1 OSB Manufacturing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Figure 2 OSB Lay-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Figure 3 Examples of Certification Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Figure 4 Floor Sheathing Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Figure 5 Floor Underlayment Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Figure 6 Roof Sheathing Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Figure 7 Wall Sheathing Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Figure 8 Exterior Siding Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Figure 9 Typical Structural Insulated Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Table 1 Basic Properties of CSA O437.0 OSB and Waferboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Table 2 Performance Requirements for CSA O325.0 and PS 2 OSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Table 3 Minimum Nail Resistance Requirements for OSB Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Table 4 Physical Properties of OSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Table 5 Fastening Schedule for OSB Sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Table 6 Nail Weight, Length and Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Table 7 Recommended Floor Sheathing for Hardwood Flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Table 8 Recommended Floor Sheathing Systems for Ceramic Tile Flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Table 9 Maximum Allowable Loads for Rated OSB Roof Sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Table 10 Factored Shear Resistance for OSB Shearwalls with S-P-F Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Table 11 Factored Shear Resistance for OSB Diaphragms with S-P-F Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Appendix A Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Appendix B SBA Member Plant Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

SBA Member Companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Associate, Allied and Research Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

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 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Oriented Strand Board

Oriented Strand Board (OSB) is a structural panel
suitable for a wide range of construction and industrial
applications. It is a mat-formed panel made of strands
sliced in the long direction from small diameter, fast
growing round wood logs and bonded with an exterior-
type binder under heat and pressure.

OSB’s predecessor random waferboard has been

commercially available since 1962. OSB became
available in 1981 and has now replaced waferboard.
However, waferboard panels are still available from one
manufacturer in Canada. OSB and waferboard
conforming to CSA Standard O437.0 is referenced by the
National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) and all
provincial codes. Grade O-2 OSB is specifically
recognized by the NBCC as being structurally equivalent
to plywood when used as roof, wall and floor sheathing.

The NBCC also references construction sheathing

conforming to CSA Standard O325.0. These panels are
performance tested for use as subfloor, roof sheathing
and wall sheathing. While any wood based material
may be used to make construction sheathing, OSB is
commonly certified to CSA O325.

The OSB industry is well established and growing

rapidly. To the end of 2003 the worldwide industry had
grown to 77 mills (40 U.S., 24 Canadian, 13 offshore)
with a combined production of 24 million cubic metres.
Additional mills are under construction and in the
planning stage in the U.S., Canada and offshore. It is
anticipated that by 2006 there will be 80 mills worldwide.

1.2 Research Program

Over the years the SBA has been a major participant in
the direction, coordination and funding of a
market driven research and development program.
Its purpose is to enhance the OSB products
manufactured by its members, as well as to optimize the
manufacturing process. This program, conducted by an
alliance of reputed research organizations and universities
in the U.S. and Canada, led to several achievements
including but not limited to: optimization of log yard
management and pressing operations, development of
OSB products with improved physical and mechanical
properties, OSB product stewardship, process modeling,
and development of OSB engineering properties.

1
 2.0 MANUFACTURING PROCESS
2.1 Basic Steps
Figure 1 illustrates the typical sequence in the
manufacturing of OSB. OSB is made from aspen,
poplar, southern yellow pine or other mixed hardwood
and softwood logs. The logs are debarked and cut to
shorter lengths before being processed in the strander.
The fines and bark become fuel for the mills energy
system.
The strander slices the logs into strands along the
direction of the grain. Strand dimensions are
predetermined for the process and have a uniform
thickness. The majority of Association mills use a
combination of strands ranging in length from 90 to
150 mm and approximately 25 mm wide.
The strands are then dried and sorted. Before forming,
the strands are mixed with wax and a waterproof
exterior-type binder (generally phenolic or isocyanate
resin binder). These waterproof and boil-proof resin
binders will provide the panel with internal strength,
rigidity and moisture resistance.
During forming the strands are oriented in layers. The
strands on the panel surface are generally aligned in the
long direction of the panel for superior bending strength
and stiffness in this direction (see Figure 2). The two or
three inner layers are usually cross-aligned to the
surface layer like plywood. In waferboard the wafers are
approximately 25 mm x 45 mm and are randomly placed
throughout the panel.
After forming the mat of strands is pressed at a high
temperature and pressure to form a rigid, dense
structural panel. OSB has considerable bending strength
that comes from the uninterrupted fibre, interweaving of
the long strands and orientation of strands in the surface
layers.
Figure 2 OSB Lay-up
(A) Random Waferboard (B) OSB with aligned face
and oriented core
The panels are then cooled, cut to size, grade stamped,
stacked in bundles and edge coated for shipping.
2.2 Performance by Design™
Oriented Strand Board structural wood panels are often
designed by the manufacturing process to meet specific
end uses required by the customer. This flexibility in
manufacturing provides superior performance with
economical cost to give excellent value to the end user.
2.3 Quality Assurance
The quality of OSB is the responsibility of the individual
producer. Each SBA mill has a program of in-plant
quality control to ensure the finished product meets or
exceeds the grade required in the applicable standard
and the mill specification. Third party quality assurance
and audit programs back up the mill programs.
The SBA suggests that its producer members adopt a
“Total Quality” concept. This starts with the cutting of
trees in the forest to the shipping of finished product from
the mill to the customer’s satisfaction. State-of-the-art
computer process control equipment, which is uniquely
designed for each plant, greatly helps the implementation
of in-mill quality control by monitoring and adjusting the
process variables on a continuous basis. Plant quality
control staff oversee the process monitoring, paying
particular attention to selection of logs by species, size
and moisture content; strand geometry and thickness;
strand moisture content after drying; consistent blending
of strands, resin binder and wax addition; uniform
forming of the mat entering the press; the press
temperature, pressure, closing speed, density and
thickness control.
(C) OSB with aligned face
and random core
2
Quality control personnel regularly inspect panel faces,
edges, dimensions after trimming and the physical
appearance of the finished panel. They also undertake
physical testing of the panels according to standard test
procedures as necessary to verify that production
conforms to the applicable standard and mill
specification. Besides company process and quality
control, manufacturers grademarking to CSA O325 or
exporting to the U.S. are required to have independent
third party inspection and testing to CSA O325.1 and /or
the U.S. Performance Standard PS 2 by an approved
certification agency, another assurance that quality is
maintained.
2.4 OSB and the Environment
Oriented Strand Board is generally manufactured from
aspen in the northern part of North America and
southern yellow pine in the south. However, other
hardwood and softwood species or combinations may
also be used. Aspen and northern hardwoods are
harvested from naturally regenerated self-sustaining
stands. Southern yellow pine is harvested from
managed private stands and includes thinnings. The
manufacturing process uses most of the log and modern
mills typically convert the remaining bark, saw trim, and
sawdust into energy.
Modern mills are scientifically designed to meet or
exceed the strict quality standard for air emissions by
using collectors, precipitators, scrubbers or regenerative
thermal oxidation units to remove particulate and volatile
organic compounds from the discharge gases released
into the atmosphere. Where log soaking ponds are
used, the water is filtered and the ponds are self
cleaning. The mills are designed to be self sufficient in
terms of heat energy with all bark, screenings, sawdust
and panel trim recycled as fuel for the dryer and the
press heating system.
Like construction plywood, OSB panels are bonded
under heat and pressure with phenol formaldehyde or
isocyanate binders that become durable, insoluble heat-
resistant polymers that resist age, moisture and chemical
degradation. Regular tests confirm formaldehyde
emissions from phenolic-bonded OSB panels are
nonexistent or negligible. However, freshly sawn OSB
may have the distinctive odour of freshly cut wood of the
same species.
SBA also provides a generic Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for OSB and waferboard, and other technical
information on the binder system. Manufacturers are
also required by WHMIS to issue statements about wood
dust.
3
 3.0 OSB PRODUCTS
3.1 Panel Sizes
Performance based OSB panels are specifically engineered
for floor, roof, and wall sheathing purposes in wood frame
construction. Panels are available in 1220x2440 mm (4’x8’)
sheets or cut to size dimensions. For industrial applications
larger sizes up to 2440x7320 mm (8’x24’) are available by
special order. Some new mills manufacture master panels
up to 3660x7320 mm (12’x24’) or other custom sizes.
3.2 OSB Conforming to CSA O325.0
CSA Standard O325.0 “Construction Sheathing” is a
performance based standard for floor, roof and wall
sheathing. Panels installed on framing are evaluated for
ability to carry loads and resist deflection under loading
and conditions simulating or exceeding those
experienced in service and during construction. This
standard permits the use of panels to be of any
thickness and made with either veneer or strands. The
components must be bonded with phenol formaldehyde
resin or an equivalent binder. The criteria for
acceptance is the ability of the panels to perform, not
how they are made. This product requires third party
certification for conformance.
CSA O325.0 specifies rigorous performance tests for
concentrated and uniform static loads under wet and dry
conditions. Impact tests are specified as well as fastener
holding capability. Physical properties of linear
expansion, thickness swelling, panel stability and bond
durability are also tested.
The ability of a product to meet the performance
requirements of a given end use is shown on the panel
by a PANEL MARK . This panel mark consists of an
end use mark followed by a span mark, eg. 1F16. The
end use markings are as follows:
Mark End Use
1F Subfloor
2F Subfloor used with panel-type underlay
1R Roof sheathing without edge support
2R Roof sheathing with edge support
W Wall sheathing
The nominal thicknesses of CSA O437.0 OSB and waferboard are as follows:
Grade O-2 (mm) 6.0 7.5 9.5
Grade O-1, R-1 (mm) 6.35 7.9 9.5
Imperial (in.) 1/4 5/16 3/8
The span mark indicates the maximum centre to centre
spacing of the supporting members in inches. The
standard marks are 16, 20, 24, 32, 40, and 48. Panels
may qualify for more than one end use. For example, a
panel may be marked 1R24/2F16/W24.
Part 9 of the NBCC uses the panel marks (not
thicknesses) to show the minimum panels permitted for
specific end uses and spans. Construction sheathing
panels are also marketed according to the panel marks.
Actual thicknesses determined during qualification
testing are in steps of 0.5 mm and for a given span mark
can vary slightly between manufacturers (a thin, strong
panel may perform better than a thick, weaker, less stiff,
panel).
3.3 OSB Conforming to CSA O437.0
CSA Standard O437.0 “OSB and Waferboard” is a
product standard that prescribes the minimum
mechanical and physical properties that the panels must
have. Conformance to this standard is done by in-mill
testing to CSA O437 by mill personnel. In-mill tests can
be verified by third party testing if desired by the user.
This standard contains three grades. Grade R-1 is
waferboard, which is being phased out. Grades O-1 and
O-2 are OSB panels. The NBCC specifies the use of
OSB based on grade and panel thickness.
The O-2 grade thicknesses are a soft conversion of
standard imperial sizes. The O-1 and R-1 thicknesses
are a hard conversion (see table below). Other panel
thicknesses including 22.0 mm, 28.5 mm and 32.0 mm
are available on special order. Panels 15.0 mm and
thicker are manufactured either square-edged or tongue
and grooved on the long edge. Most mills produce
panels with textured surface treatments for improved
traction on sloping roofs. Regular panels are either
unsanded or touch sanded, however the product may be
ordered smooth sanded on one or both sides for
industrial or decorative uses.
11.0 12.0 12.5 15.0 15.5 18.0 19.0
11.1 – 12.7 – 15.9 – 19.0
7/16 15/32 1/2 19/32 5/8 23/32 3/4
4
3.4 U.S. Standard PS 2
SBA members’ OSB production is generally intended for
use in both the United States and Canada. As a result
OSB panels are typically manufactured to meet both the
U.S. Department of Commerce Voluntary Performance
Standard PS 2 “Performance Standard for Wood Based
Structural Use Panels” and CSA Standard O325.0
“Construction Sheathing”. PS 2 was a joint development
of the U.S. and Canadian wood panel industry to
harmonize the performance standards under the
U.S./Canada Free Trade Agreement. The standard was
promulgated by the U.S. Congress in August 1992. A
second edition is due for publication in 2004.
As shown in Table 2 the performance requirements of
PS 2 and CSA O325.0 are quite similar. PS 2 has higher
strength requirements for wall sheathing and also
includes racking tests for wall and roof panels when used
as shearwalls or diaphragms.
The span ratings shown on the PS 2 OSB panel markings
consist of two numbers separated by a slash e.g. 24/16.
The left-hand number shows the maximum support
spacing for roof sheathing and the right-hand number
gives the maximum support spacing for floor sheathing in
inches. PS 2 panels for single floors (combination
subfloor and underlayment) have a single number
followed by the letters OC e.g. 20 OC. This means the
maximum support spacing is 20 inches (500 mm) on
centre and edge blocking or tongue and groove edges
are required.
3.5 Panel Marking
CSA O325.0 panels are required to be marked with the
following information (see Figure 3 for examples):
- The manufacturer’s name or logo and Mill Number
- The designation CSA O325.0
- The panel mark denoting the span rating and end use
- The nominal thickness in mm (inch equivalents may
Figure 3 Examples of Certification Marks
also be shown)
- The direction of face alignment
- The date code
- The certification agency logo
- The words Exterior Bond or Exterior Type Binder
Some panels may have more than one mark. For
instance some panels are certified to CSA O325.0 and
PS 2, in which case the panel mark will contain
information required by both standards.
CSA Standard O437.0 requires that all OSB and
waferboard panels made in conformance with this
standard be clearly marked with the following information:
- The manufacturer’s name or logo and Mill Number
- The designation CSA O437.0
- The words Exterior Bond or EXT. BOND
- The appropriate grade mark R-1, O-1, O-2
- The nominal thickness in mm
- The direction of orientation if O-1 or O-2 grade
- THIS SIDE DOWN on the back of T and G panels
Panels manufactured to CSA O437 may have edge and
end defects that can be eliminated by cutting back the
panel so that the remaining panel size meets the
requirements of the standard. These panels are marked
SHOP PANELS and are suitable for many uses in the
reduced size. SBA member mills provide 2.6 square
metres of usable panel in each shop panel.
Panels not meeting the requirements of either CSA
standard or the U.S. Standard are marked REJECT - ALL
OTHER MARKS VOID. These panels are not suitable for
building construction.
Panels manufactured for export sale are also marked with
stamps required by the importing country. In addition,
each panel must be marked with Made in Canada either
on the face or edge.
5
 4.0 PROPERTIES

4.1 Physical and Mechanical

OSB is manufactured with aligned strands in the long
direction on both panel faces. The alignment of strands
gives OSB panels improved strength in the long panel
direction. Direction of application is marked on these
panels. Waferboard panels with randomly placed wafers
have approximately equal strength and stiffness in all
directions in the plane of the panel and may be installed
in either direction across the supports.
The minimum physical and mechanical properties of
products conforming to CSA O437.0 are shown in Table 1.
Table 2 lists the performance requirements of OSB
produced to CSA O325.0 and U.S. standard PS 2 and
Table 3 contains the nail resistance requirements.

Table 1. Basic Properties of CSA O437.0 OSB and Waferboard 1

Grade O-2 Grade O-1 Grade R-13

Metric Imperial Metric Imperial Metric Imperial

Dimensional tolerances, dry, as shippe d 2

• Length and width, from stated dimensions +0, +0, +0, +0, +0, +0,
-4 mm -5/32” -4 mm -5/32” -4 mm -5/32”

• Squareness, maximum difference in diagonals 4 mm 5/32” 4 mm 5/32” 4 mm 5/32”

• Straightness, maximum deviation from straight 1.5 mm/ 1/16”/ 1.5 mm/ 1/16”/ 1.5 mm/ 1/16”/
edge edge edge edge edge edge

• Thickness2
• panel average from nominal ±0.75 mm ±0.030” ±0.75 mm ±0.030” ±0.75 mm ±0.030”
• within panel from panel average ±0.75 mm ±0.030” ±0.75 mm ±0.030” ±0.75 mm ±0.030”

Mechanical properties, dry, as shipped 4

• Modulus of rupture - parallel 29.0 MPa 4200 psi 23.4 MPa 3400 psi 17.2 MPa 2500 psi

• Modulus of rupture - perpendicular 12.4 MPa 1800 psi 9.6 MPa 1400 psi 17.2 MPa 2500 psi

• Modulus of elasticity - parallel 5500 MPa 800,000 psi 4500 MPa 650,000 psi 3100 MPa 450,000 psi

• Modulus of elasticity - perpendicular 1500 MPa 225,000 psi 1300 MPa 190,000 psi 3100 MPa 450,000 psi

• Internal bond 0.345 MPa 50 psi 0.345 MPa 50 psi 0.345 MPa 50 psi

• Lateral nail resistance (t = thickness 70t (N) 400t (lb) 70t (N) 400t (lb) 70t (N) 400t (lb)
of panel, mm or inches as appropriate)

Properties Following Moisture Exposure 4

• Modulus of rupture - parallel - after 2 hr boil 14.5 MPa 2100 psi 11.7 MPa 1700 psi 8.6 MPa 1250 psi

• Modulus of rupture - perp - after 2 hr boil 6.2 MPa 900 psi 4.8 MPa 700 psi 8.6 MPa 1250 psi

• Thickness swell, after 24 hr soak, maximum

• 12.7 mm and thinner 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
• thicker than 12.7 mm 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%

• Linear expansion, oven dry to saturated, maximum

• parallel 0.35% 0.35% 0.35% 0.35% 0.40% 0.40%
• perpendicular 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% 0.40% 0.40%

Notes:
1. Minimum requirements (maximum where stated) are based on a 5-panel average, with no single panel more than 20% below (or above as
appropriate) the stated requirement.
2. Tolerances are for rough/sized boards. Tolerances for sanded panels are ±0.40mm for variation from nominal, and ±0.25mm for within panel
variation from panel average.
3. Grade R-1 is for waferboard, which is only produced by one Canadian mill.
4. These values are not for design purposes.

6
Table 2. Performance Requirements for CSA O325.0 and PS 2 OSB

Property 3 CSA O325.0 PS 2

Metric Imperial Metric Imperial

• Thickness tolerance, panels ≤ 13/16” (20.5 mm) 1.5 mm range 1 1/16” range 1 ± 0.80 mm ± 1/32”
panels > 13/16” (20.5 mm) 1.5 mm range 1 1/16” range 1 5% of the thickness

• Length and width tolerance, from stated dimensions +0, -4 mm +0”, -5/32” +0, -3.2 mm +0”, -1/8”

• Squareness tolerance, maximum deviation

from square along diagonal 4 mm 5/32” 1.3 mm/m 1/64”/ft

• Straightness tolerance, maximum deviation from straight 1.5 mm 1/16” 1.6 mm 1/16”
(corner to corner)

• Ultimate concentrated load

• roof - static 1.78 kN 400 lb 1.78 kN 400 lb
- following impact 1.33 kN 300 lb 1.33 kN 300 lb

• subfloor - static 1.78 kN 400 lb 1.78 kN 400 lb

- following impact 1.78 kN 400 lb 1.78 kN 400 lb

• combined subfloor/underlayment to
24” spacing
- static 2.45 kN 550 lb 2.45 kN 550 lb
- following impact 1.78 kN 400 lb 1.78 kN 400 lb

• combined subfloor/underlayment
32” to 48” spacing
- static 3.12 kN 700 lb 3.12 kN 700 lb
- following impact 1.78 kN 400 lb 1.78 kN 400 lb

• Maximum deflection under 0.89 kN load varies with application varies with application

• Ultimate uniformly distributed load

• roof 7.2 kPa 150 psf 7.2 kPa 150 psf
• floor - to 32” spacing 15.8 kPa 330 psf 15.8 kPa 330 psf
- 48” spacing 10.8 kPa 225 psf 10.8 kPa 225 psf
• wall no requirements 3.6 kPa 75 psf

• Maximum deflection under uniform load2

• roof - 1.68 kPa load span/240 span/240 span/240 span/240
• floor - 4.79 kPa load 5 span/360 span/360 span/360 span/360

• Linear expansion, maximum

• one sided wetting or 0.30% along major axis 0.30% along major axis
50% to 90% relative humidity exposure 0.35% across major axis 0.35% across major axis

• 50% R.H. to vacuum pressure soak 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% 0.50%

• Thickness swell, maximum

• one sided wetting after 14 day exposure, or 25% 25% 25% 25%
R.H. exposure (Single Floor only) (Single Floor only)

• Bond durability (minimum modulus of rupture)4

• six cycle test 50% strength retention 50% strength retention
• 2 hour boil 50% strength retention N/A
• single cycle test N/A See table 6 of PS 2

Notes:
1. Tolerance is -0.5 mm to +1.0 mm if minimum thickness < nominal thickness, -0 to +1.5 mm if minimum thickness = nominal thickness.
2. Span is the centre to centre spacing of supports.
3. Requirements are minimum except where noted otherwise.
4. These values are not for design purposes.
5. In PS 2, for 1200 mm spacing, panels are performance tested at 3.83 kPa loading.

7
4.2 Other Properties
Other properties of OSB may be summarized as follows:
Workability
OSB is easy to saw, drill, nail, plane, file or sand. It
contains wood, fully cured waterproof and boil proof resin
adhesive and a small amount of wax. Use normal
carpentry tools, but carbide tipped blades are
recommended for prolonged use. Wear appropriate
safety protection and follow safe working procedures.
As wood dust has been designated as a potential
carcinogen, avoid exposure to airborne dust particles
and keep work areas free of dust build-up. A material
Safety Data Sheet is available from the SBA office
covering wood dust.
As full-size panels have a factory applied edge coating,
job cut panels likely to be exposed to the weather should
have uncoated edges protected by a field coat of paint or
by sheathing paper to reduce moisture pick-up.
Nailability
The many interleaved layers create panels with good nail
holding properties. Nails can be driven as close as 6mm
from the panel edges without risk of splitting or breaking
out. However, the Association recommends an edge
distance of 10mm for structural applications. Extensive
tests undertaken by research establishments show
fastener performance is similar for all structural wood
panels. In addition both CSA O437.0 and CSA O325.0
specify minimum nail holding capability for OSB. When
using power actuated nailers do not overdrive nails,
make sure eye protection is worn and follow safe
working procedures.
Gluability
OSB may be glued with any adhesive recommended for
wood. For strong bonds, lightly sand the surfaces in the
areas to be glued. For more information on glued joints
contact the SBA office.
Paintability
OSB may be finished with any good quality paint system
recommended for wood. For best results the surface
must be primed or sealed before painting.
For exterior applications, the best finish is a good quality
exterior wood paint system (primer and top coat) applied
according to the paint manufacturer’s directions. Solid
colour paints provide the best weather protection for the
panel surface and the strands show a pleasing texture.
A top quality acrylic latex exterior paint and companion
primer specifically designated by the manufacturer as
‘stain blocking’ or ‘stain resistant’ are recommended.
OSB also takes all kinds of stain finishes as well.
However, stains do not offer as much surface protection
from the weather as paints and the lifting of an
occasional strand may occur. Stains are more often
applied to fences, summer cottages and other
applications that accept a more rustic appearance.
Sanded panels present a marble-like appearance and
they are less textured than unsanded panels. As
varnishes, stains and paints penetrate the sanded panels
more quickly than the unsanded, two coats of primer or
sealer are recommended before application of the finish
system. When applying paint or varnish, sand the
surfaces lightly between coats; do not sand stained
surfaces.
Weight
The approximate weight of OSB panels can be
calculated from Table 4. These values are based on a
density of 640kg/m 3 (40 lb/ft3). Density may vary
depending on the manufacturer and moisture conditions
at the time of shipment.
Thermal Resistance
The thermal resistance of a material is a measure of the
resistance it offers to the passage of conducted heat at a
steady rate. It is proportional to the density and
thickness of the material. Table 4 provides thermal
resistance values for various thicknesses of OSB.
Permeability
The permeability of a wood panel is the rate that
moisture passes through the panel under stated
conditions of moisture vapour pressure. It is inversely
proportional to the density, degree of orientation and
thickness of the panel. Vapour permeance values for
OSB panels are given in Table 4.
Fire Performance
OSB has been tested to determine fire endurance and
flame spread ratings by both SBA and APA. These tests
have been undertaken by third party agencies using
recognized fire test laboratories. The test results show
that OSB panels, like plywood, may be used as exterior
sheathing on outside walls required to have a fire rating.
However, code authorities may require that stud spaces
be filled with non-combustible insulation such as rock
wool when structural wood panels are used on these
walls. Structural wood panels are permitted to be
installed between the framing and the fire-resistive
covering in walls provided the length of the fastener used
to attach the fire protection is increased by an amount at
least equal to the thickness of the wood panel.
8
Moisture Performance
OSB like all wood products reacts to changes in moisture
and humidity conditions. OSB is required by North
American Standards to maintain its strength and stiffness
performance under normal humidity conditions, also
referred to as “standard conditions”, which are
represented by a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and
65 percent relative humidity. This condition is typical of
protected construction. In addition, OSB is required to
maintain its strength and stiffness performance when
exposed to weather during long construction delays.

Table 3. Minimum Nail Resistance Requirements for OSB Panels 1,2

CSA O325.0 PS 2
Loading Application Minimum ultimate load (N) 3 Minimum ultimate load (N) 3

Dry Wet / Redry Dry Wet / Redry

Lateral roof and wall sheathing 534 400 534 400

subfloors and single floors 934 712 934 712

Withdrawal all sheathing 89 67 89 4 674

Notes:
1. Nails are 51mm for sheathing less than or equal to 12.7mm, 63mm for thicker panels.
2. Comparison studies (University of Illinois) have shown the equivalent performance of OSB and plywood in lateral and withdrawal resistance of nails.
3. These values are not for design purposes. Additional information regarding shearwalls and diaphragms is given in Tables 10 & 11.
4. Not applicable for wall sheathing.

Table 4. Physical Properties of OSB

Nominal Weight Thermal Vapour Flame Smoke

panel resistance permeance Spread Developed
thickness (mm) (N/m2) (m2 °C/w) (ng/(Pa•s•m2)) Rating 1 Index 1

9.5 60 0.08 145 148 137

11.0 69 0.09 120 148 137

12.5 79 0.11 85 148 137

15.5 97 0.13 65 148 137

18.5 116 0.16 652 148 137

Notes:
1. These numbers are average test values obtained by APA, The Engineered Wood Association on several thicknesses of OSB.
2. Panel thicknesses greater than 15.5 mm were not tested, but can be assumed to provide a permeability resistance equal to or better than that of
15.5 mm panels. Vapour permeance values are given for 50% relative humidity (R.H)., and increase slightly with increasing R.H.

9
 5.0 RESIDENTIAL AND LOW RISE COMMERCIAL INSTALLATION

The following sections present installation instructions for
OSB sheathing in residential and low rise commercial
construction. The information is based on Part 9 of the
NBCC and is generally applicable to the provincial
building codes.
combination subfloor and underlayment and do not
require an additional layer. The edges of all panels must
have tongue and groove joints or be supported with
38x38 mm blocking securely nailed between framing
members.

5.1 Floor Sheathing
Figure 4 provides the recommended installation details
for floor sheathing along with the maximum support
spacing for the various grades.
The 2F sheathing is intended to have an additional layer
of structural material such as an underlayment panel,
wood strip flooring applied at right angles to the joists, or
concrete topping. The 1F sheathing panels are used as
Panels must be installed with the direction of face grain
at right angles to the joists (OSB panels have the face
grain direction marked on the panel). They should be
laid across three or more supports keeping the side
marked “this side down” on the supports when using
T&G panels. End joints must be made over the supports
and should be staggered at least two supports. Subfloor
sheathing panels should have a 3 mm (1/8”) gap on all
sides and ends.

Figure 4 Floor Sheathing Installation

T & G panels applied across
supports, with mark This Side
Down, placed down. All panels
are to be continuous over 2 or
more spans
Subfloors: Leave a
3 mm (1/8”)
Blocking if
minimum gap.
square edge
panel

Stagger panel
end joints

Joists or Trusses
Note: In crawl spaces
provide adequate
ventilation and cover
ground with moisture
barrier.

Subfloor Requirements
CSA O437.0 OSB/Waferboard CSA O325.0 OSB
Minimum thickness Minimum Panel Mark

Maximum Nominal Combined With panel type

Joist spacing O-2 O-1/R-1 Imperial subfloor/underlayment underlayment
400 mm - 16” 15.5 mm 15.9 mm 5/8” 1F16 2F16
500 mm - 20” 15.5 mm 15.9 mm 5/8” 1F20 2F20
600 mm - 24” 18.5 mm 19.0 mm 3/4” 1F24 2F24
400 mm - 16” 12.5 mm1 12.7 mm1 1/2”

Notes:
1. Permitted with wood panel underlayment or concrete topping except when finished flooring consists of ceramic tile applied with an adhesive.
2. Panels shall have tongue and groove edges or have edges blocked by minimum 38x38 mm blocking securely nailed between framing members.
3. Some jurisdictions allow 22.5 mm (7/8”) thick O-2 grade panels on 800 mm (32”) joist spacing. These panels are marked 1F32.
4. If OSB subfloor is flooded due to ponding, it is recommended that several holes be drilled in pond area so that water will drain from floor.
5. For hardwood flooring recommendations refer to Section 5.1.4

10
5.1.1 Fastening for Floor Sheathing
Table 5 contains the recommended fastening methods for
OSB floor sheathing. Standard nail sizes and lengths are
given in Table 6. For improved performance SBA
recommends the use of wood screws rather than nails.
The performance of any floor system can be enhanced, if
in addition to the normal nailing, the sheathing panel is
glued to the supporting joists with an elastomeric
adhesive and the tongue and groove edges glued
together. The glue creates composite action between the
joists and the sheathing, which stiffens the floor and
reduces vibration. In fact, many new engineered floor joist
products such as I-joists can be installed on longer spans
when the subfloor is glued. Use elastomeric glues
conforming to CGSB Standard 71.26-M88 or ASTM
standard D3498. Special attention should be given to the
connection between the bottom plate of non-load bearing
partition walls and the subfloor panel. SBA recommends
that the subfloor be screwed to the bottom plate of the wall.

Table 5. Fastening Schedule for OSB Sheathing

Minimum
Panel thickness Fastener Length1 Number and Location 2,3,4

20 mm thick or less - 51 mm (2”) spiral nail, 150 mm (6”) oc at panel edges

- 45 mm (1-3/4”) ring 300 mm (12”) o/c along intermediate supports
thread nails or screws 5,
- or 51 mm (1-1/2) staples6

Greater than 20 mm thick - 57 mm (2-1/4”) spiral nail, 150 mm (6”) oc at panel edges
- 51 mm (2”) ring thread 300 mm (12”) o/c along intermediate supports
nails or screws 5

Notes:
1. Common nails conforming to CSA B111 “Wire Nails, Spikes and Staples” are permitted in place of spiral nails, but generally have less withdrawal
resistance. For power driven nails or staples used in all types of building construction, consult NER 272 issued by ICC–ES to ISANTA (www.icc-es.org).
2. Nails should be 10 mm (3/8”) minimum from panel edge.
3. Other equivalent fastening schedules may be used.
4. In high wind areas closer spacing may be necessary to offset wind uplift forces.
5. Flooring screws shall be not less than 3.2 mm in diameter, and should conform to ANSI B18.6.1 “Slotted and Recessed Wood Screws”.
6. Staples can be 38 mm long for OSB panels up to 10 mm thick.

Table 6. Nail Weight, Length and Gauge

Sizes of common wire nails
Length Diameter No. per
(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) pound
38 1-1/2 2.34 0.092 322
51 2 2.84 0.112 167
57 2-1/4 2.95 0.116 141
63 2-1/2 3.25 0.128 104
76 3 3.66 0.144 67
82 3-1/4 3.66 0.144 63
89 3-1/2 4.47 0.176 47
101 4 4.88 0.192 25
Sizes of ardox spiral underlay flooring nails
Length Diameter No. per
(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) pound
25 1 2.34 0.092 518
32 1-1/4 2.34 0.092 473
38 1-1/2 2.34 0.092 400
44 1-3/4 2.64 0.104 279
51 2 2.64 0.104 240
Ringed thread subflooring nails
Length Diameter No. per
(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) pound
44 1-3/4 2.64 0.104 175

11
Figure 1 OSB Manufacturing Process

Log Hauling and Sorting Jackladder

Blending Drying

Forming Line Pressing

12
 Debarking

Wet Bins
Stranding

Finishing Line Shipping 13

5.1.2 Finished Flooring over Combination
Subfloor and Underlayment
After the building is closed in and heated and just before
laying the finished floors, sweep and vacuum the panels.
Carefully check the floor surface for protruding nail heads
and make sure all panels are fully nailed. Adverse
moisture conditions may have caused some panel edge
swelling. Sand panel edges flush and ensure panels are
dry before installing the finished floor. If the sheathing
was subjected to severe moisture conditions during
construction it may be necessary to level the entire
surface with a light sanding.
Carpet and felted-synthetic-fibre flooring may be installed
on top of the panels following good practice and the
flooring manufacturers directions. For resilient floorings
and adhesive applied ceramic tile use a panel type
underlayment. SBA also recommends that underlayment
be used under wood parquet flooring.
5.1.3 Concrete Topping over OSB Subfloors
Concrete toppings are often used over panel subfloors to
increase the sound insulation properties and fire
resistance of the floor system. Light-weight gypsum
concrete manufacturers typically recommend using
19 mm of concrete poured directly over 18.0 mm (1F24)
tongue and groove subfloor with the joists spaced at 400
to 600 mm on centre. However, 19 mm of concrete over
15.0 mm (1F20) subfloor with joists at 500 mm on centre,
or 25 mm of concrete for joists at 600 mm on centre, is
often acceptable to local building officials. The subfloor
should be clean and free of contaminants before
application.
5.1.4 Hardwood Floors
The National Wood Flooring Association (NWFA), the
National Oak Flooring Manufacturers Association
(NOFMA) and major hardwood flooring manufacturers
recognize the use of 18.0 mm or thicker OSB subfloor
meeting PS 2 under hardwood flooring. Recommended
Table 7. Recommended Floor Sheathing for Hardwood Flooring
Support Minimum thickness of
spacing CSA O437.0 OSB
300 mm - 12” 18.0 mm - 23/32”
500 mm - 20” 18.0 mm - 23/32”
600 mm - 24” 22.5 mm - 7/8”
Note: 1. 18.0 mm (23/32”) thick panels are recommended for best performance.
support spacings for OSB meeting Canadian standards
are shown in Table 7. The subfloor should be glued and
nailed to the framing and the tongue and groove or panel
blocked edges should also be glued. The thick panel
provides good nail holding power and the reduced
support spacings along with the gluing will create a stiff
floor that will help reduce floor squeaks after hardwood
floor installation.
It is important that the subfloor be dry when the
hardwood is installed, otherwise buckling and squeaking
of the hardwood floor will occur when the subfloor dries
out. Should it become wet during construction it must be
dried out and the moisture content checked with a
moisture meter to assure that it is within limits acceptable
to the hardwood manufacturer.
The subfloor should be level, especially the joints
between panels. Any ridges at panel edges should be
sanded smooth before hardwood installation using a
heavy-duty floor sander and a moderately coarse grit
sandpaper. Following sanding, any areas of the floor
that squeak should be renailed.
For handling, storing and acclimatizing the hardwood
flooring, follow the recommendations of the manufacturer
or NOFMA, NWFA or MFMA. Where possible, orient the
hardwood strips perpendicular to the floor framing and
nail into the joists for best results.
Minimum panel mark for
CSA O325.0 OSB 1
1F20 or 2F20
1F24 or 2F24
1F32
14
5.1.5 Ceramic Tile
Table 8 provides the minimum recommended floor
sheathing systems for ceramic or other tiles. For good
performance it is important that the floor system be as
stiff as possible. Therefore, the use of thicker subfloor
(i.e. 18.0 mm or 1F24) or underlayment along with
reduced fastener spacing will enhance the performance
of the floor. Some jurisdictions require blocking between
the floor joists in high traffic areas when ceramic tile is
installed over OSB or plywood. Prohibit traffic on the tile
until the mortar or adhesive has set in order to avoid
cracking.

Table 8. Recommended Floor Sheathing Systems for Ceramic Tile Flooring 1,2

Minimum Subfloor
Panel Thickness 3 Underlayment Tile Installation

15.5 mm (5/8”) minimum 11.0 mm (7/16”) CBU 4,5 Dry-Set mortar or latex-portland cement mortar

15.5 mm (5/8”) none Cement mortar (32 mm) 7

15.5 mm (5/8”) 11.0 mm (7/16”) 8 Organic adhesive

15.5 mm (5/8”) 12.0 mm (15/32”)6,8 Epoxy mortar

Notes:
1. Based on ANSI Standard A108, specifications of the Tile Council of America, and NBCC.
2. Joist spacing not to exceed 400 mm (16”) oc. Joists should be blocked with solid blocking on 100 mm (4”) centres in high traffic areas.
3. Provide edge support for subfloor.
4. Bond cementitious backer units (CBUs) to subfloor with latex - Portland Cement or epoxy mortar prior to spreading mortar for setting ceramic or other tile.
5. Leave 3 mm (1/8”) space at panel ends and edges. Fill joists with mortar.
6. Leave 6 mm (1/4”) space at panel ends and edges; trim panels as necessary to maintain end spacing and panel support on framing. Fill joints with
epoxy mortar when it is spread for setting tile. With single layer subfloor use solid blocking under all panel ends and edge joints, including tongue
and groove joints.
7. Use No.15 asphalt felt or 4-mil polyethylene sheeting over subfloor. Reinforce mortar with wire mesh.
8. Underlayment or Exterior grade plywood.

5.1.6 Floor Vibration

The span tables for sawn lumber floor joists given in Part
9 of the NBCC have been developed considering floor
vibration or “bounciness”. The procedure for calculating
the vibration controlled span is given in the appendix of
the NBCC. This procedure recognizes that floor
bounciness is reduced when thicker subfloor is used and
when the subfloor is glued and nailed (or screwed) to the
joists. The Canadian Wood Council’s Span Book
includes floor joist span tables for 15.5 mm and 18.5 mm
subfloors either nailed or glued and nailed to the joists.

15
5.2 Floor Underlayment
Figure 5 provides the recommended installation details for
OSB floor underlayment along with fastener size and type.
Sanded 6 mm or greater OSB floor underlayment is
suitable for use under many finished flooring products
such as: felted-synthetic-fibre or carpet; embossed
resilient flooring; perimeter glued or loose lay resilient
flooring. For adhesive applied ceramic tile the
underlayment must be no less than 11 mm thick if the
supports are spaced more than 300 mm apart.
Before applying the underlayment thoroughly sweep or
vacuum clean the subfloor. Reset all popped nails and re-
nail any loose panels. When underlayment is applied over
panel subfloors, apply the panels immediately prior to
installation of the finished flooring. When underlayment
panels are applied over lumber board subfloors, apply
panels parallel to joists if boards are perpendicular to
joists. Underlayment panels may be applied in either
direction if boards are at an angle less than 75° to joists.
To fasten, begin nailing or stapling at contact corner of
underlayment panels and work diagonally across panels.
Make sure the panels are in firm contact with the subfloor
when driving the fasteners. Space nails at 100 mm oc on
panel edges, and 200 mm oc in the centre of the panel.
Or use staples at 75 mm oc on panel edges, and 150 mm
oc elsewhere. When gluing underlayment to subfloor use
only solvent based glues.

Figure 5 Floor Underlayment Installation

Butt edges into light

Minimum 6 mm (1/4”) space contact
around room perimeter
Offset panel joints
Offset panel 200 mm (8”) minimum
edge joints one
joist space from
subfloor panel
Space fasteners 12
joints
mm (1/2”) minimum
from panel edge

When fastening, begin at

contact corner and work
diagonally across panel

Sanded OSB
underlayment

Sanded Fastener Size & Type

OSB Nail Staple
Panel Thickness
Size/Type Shank Diameter Length Crown Width

6 mm - 1/4” 19 mm (3/4”) annular grooved 1.2 mm 22 mm 4.7 mm

flooring nails or spiral nails (0.047”) (7/8”) (3/16”)

7.5 mm - 5/16” 22 mm (7/8”) annular grooved 1.2 mm 28 mm 4.7 mm

flooring nails or spiral nails (0.047”) (1 1/8)” (3/16”)

16
5.3 Roof Sheathing
Figure 6 provides the recommended installation details for
roof sheathing along with the maximum support spacing.
Before installing the sheathing, the rafters or upper truss
chord should be checked to assure that they are aligned,
straight and even. Curved or uneven rafters or upper truss
chords affect the finished roof appearance.
The panels should be installed textured side up with their
long direction across the rafters or truss chords. Long
panel edges should be supported or joined with edge clips
where required. A 3 mm (1/8”) gap should be left at the
panel edges and ends to allow for movement due to
changes in humidity. Panels should be staggered at least
two supports and end joints must lie over supports.
Table 5 contains the recommended fastening methods for
OSB roof sheathing. The installer should stand over the
rafter or truss when nailing. Safety Alert: As roof
sheathing may be slippery when wet, covered with frost,
snow, ice, or sawdust, installers should wear rubber soled
footwear, use appropriate safety equipment and use
extreme caution when working on sloping roofs.

Figure 6 Roof Sheathing

Support panel edges at ridge
Apply panels across supports
All panels are to be continuous across two or more spans
Supports – Rafters, Trusses or Joists
Edge clips if specified

Leave a 3 mm (1/8”) minimum gap on all

Stagger panel end joints edges

Warning: Roof sheathing panels may be extremely slippery when wet, covered with frost, snow, ice or sawdust. Installers of roof sheathing should
wear rubber-soled footwear and exercise caution, especially on roof slopes exceeding 4 in 12. Based on recent studies, soles of thermoplastic
rubber provide the best traction of the sole materials tested. Place screened surface of panel face up.
Note: Panels that get wet should be allowed to surface dry before applying shingles. Protect uncoated edges from direct rain exposure.

Roof Sheathing Requirements

CSA O437.0 OSB/Waferboard 1 CSA O325.0 OSB

Minimum thickness Minimum Panel Mark

Maximum truss, Edges Edges Edges Edges

joist or rafter Supported2 Unsupported Supported2 Unsupported
spacing O-2 O-1/R-1 O-2 O-1/R-1

300 mm - 12” 7.5 mm - 5/16” 9.5 mm - 3/8” 7.5 mm - 5/16” 9.5 mm - 3/8” 2R16 1R16
3
400 mm - 16” 7.5 mm - 5/16” 9.5 mm - 3/8” 9.5 mm - 3/8” 11.1 mm - 7/16” 2R16 1R16
500 mm - 20” 9.5 mm 3 - 3/8” 11.1 mm - 7/16” 12.5 mm - 1/2” 12.7 mm - 1/2” 2R20 1R20
3
600 mm - 24” 9.5 mm - 3/8” 11.1 mm - 7/16” 12.5 mm - 1/2” 12.7 mm - 1/2” 2R24 1R24

Notes:
1. Panel thicknesses and marks apply for pitched roofs; where flat roofs are used as walking decks, the requirements for floors shall apply.
2. Panel edges supported by 38x38 mm blocking, metal H-clips at midspan between framing members, or have tongue and groove edges.
3. For enhanced performance SBA recommends using 9.5 mm in place of 7.5 mm and 11 mm in place of 9.5 mm sheathing.
4. Panels to be minimum 600 mm wide and continuous over two or more spans.

17
5.3.1 Ventilation of Attic and
Cathedral Roof Spaces
In order to minimize the impact of
moisture build-up in attic spaces, it is
essential that adequate ventilation be
installed with 50% of the ventilation at
the roof ridge and 50% at the soffit
area. The NBCC specifies that the
minimum unobstructed vent area equal
not less than 1/300 of the total
insulated ceiling area for roofs with attic
spaces. For roof slopes of less than 1
in 6 or for cathedral ceilings, the free
vent area must equal not less than
1/150 of the insulated area.

In roofs without attic spaces (ie

cathedral ceilings) the NBCC requires
that 38x38 mm cross purlins be
installed over the joists and that there
be at least a 25 mm space between the
insulation and the top of the joist for
ventilation. For higher slopes the cross
purlins may be omitted provided the
roof joists run up the slope with at least
75 mm clearance between the top of
the insulation and the top of the joist.

The roof should be dry prior to shingling and should be
shingled as soon as possible after installation of
sheathing. Use baffles to make sure that the insulation
does not block ventilation openings especially along the
eaves and between truss chords. Ensure the attic hatch
is sealed and bathroom or kitchen fan exhaust ducts are
properly vented to the outside. Inadequte ventilation can
be a cause of sheathing panel telegraphing through the
shingles on cold winter days.
5.3.2 Prevention of Ice Damming
Ice damming occurs in extreme cold climates and is due
to heat transfer from the attic space to the shingles
melting the snow during the day time period. At night,
the snow melt freezes. Repeated cycles of freeze/thaw
cause a ridge of ice trapping the snow melt as it flows
down the roof. The snow melt backs up under shingles
and soaks the sheathing. Rain storms can also threaten
the integrity of sloped roofs. The effect of ice dams and
wind driven rain can be substantial from stained walls or
ceilings to severe water damage. A continuous
underlayment of ice and water self-adhering protective
membrane or other heavy waterproofing material must
be installed from the edge of the exterior wall 900 mm up
the roof under the shingles to protect the roof sheathing
and in all other critical zones where roof leaks commonly
occur (consult with membrane manufacturer for proper
installation).
5.3.3 Truss Uplift
Truss uplift is a cause of ceiling/wall separation. The
ceiling lifts as the truss arches away from the interior
partition. Wood in prefabricated trusses shrinks as it
dries and expands when it absorbs moisture. Since the
bottom chord of the truss is buried in the attic insulation,
it is warmer and therefore drier than the rest of the truss.
The top chord is exposed to the damp attic air and will
be at a higher moisture content than the bottom chord.
As a result, the bottom chord shortens and the top chord
lengthens. This causes the truss to arch and lift the
bottom chord with the ceiling separating it from the wall.
Proper attic ventilation removes the damp air and
reduces the chance of truss uplift.

18
5.4 Wall Sheathing
Figure 7 provides the recommended installation details for
wall sheathing along with the maximum support spacing.
Wall sheathing panels may be installed vertically or
horizontally. A 3 mm (1/8”) gap should be left between
panels and around openings for windows and doors. The
required fastening for wall sheathing is shown in Table 5.
Blocking or diagonal bracing is generally not required with
OSB sheathing unless specified by the building designer.
Blocking is required at the edges of OSB shearwalls,
which are specially engineered to transfer lateral wind or
earthquake forces to the foundation in engineered
construction (see Section 6.5). Sheathing panels should
cover the upper plate and lower sill to ensure the load path
from roof to the foundation is maintained.
Part 9 of the NBCC requires that at least one layer of
sheathing membrane be applied beneath siding, stucco or
masonry veneer. Sheathing membrane may be omitted
beneath siding if the joints are formed to effectively
prevent the passage of wind and rain. However, the SBA
recommends the use of sheathing membrane under any
type of exterior cladding.
Where a stucco finish is desired the sheathing should be
covered with a double layer of sheathing membrane to
prevent moisture saturation of the panels during stucco
cure or from wind driven rain. Note that Part 9 of the
NBCC specifies a minimum panel thickness of 12.5 mm
and does not allow the use of tar-saturated felts or papers

Figure 7 Wall Sheathing Installation

Panel sheathing applied with or across supports as shown, and not
permanently exposed to the weather.
Framing

Stagger vertical joints in

horizontal applications

Support all panel

edges if panels are
used for bracing or
on shear walls

Leave a 3 mm (1/8”)
minimum gap on edges
and around openings

Wall Sheathing Requirements (Horizontal and Vertical Application)

CSA O437.0 OSB/ CSA O325.0 OSB
Maximum Waferboard Minimum Panel
Type of Exterior Finish stud spacing Minimum Thickness Mark
O-2 O-1/R-1
• Siding attached to framing members, 400 mm - 16” 6.0 mm 1/4” 6.35 mm W16 or 2R16
furring members or blocking 600 mm - 24” 7.5 mm 5/16” 7.9 mm W20 or 2R20
• Wood shingles and shakes or vertical 600 mm - 24” 7.5 mm 5/16” 7.9 mm W20 or 2R20
metal siding attached to sheathing
• Asbestos cement shingles 600 mm - 24” 9.5 mm 3/8” 9.5 mm W24 or 2R24
attached to sheathing
• Vertical lumber or stucco lath 600 mm - 24” 12.5 mm 1/2” 12.7 mm 1R24
attached to sheathing

Note:
1. Panels to be minimum 600 mm wide typically. Minimum width to be 1220 mm wide when used as bracing.
19
to be used as sheathing membrane beneath stucco.
The joints in the sheathing membrane should be lapped
a minimum of 150 mm. Framing around all openings
should be protected with two layers of sheathing
membrane. In addition, proper flashing design and good
construction techniques should insure that free water
cannot enter the space between the membrane and the
sheathing. Additional information about stucco
application over OSB is available from the SBA.
5.5 Exterior Siding
Figure 8 provides the recommended installation details
for OSB exterior siding. Prior to installation all panel
edges should be treated with a primer or sealer. During
installation a 3 mm gap should be left between panel
edges to allow expansion without buckling. All panel
edges must be supported by framing members or not
less than 38x38 mm blocking. Furring may also be used
as recommended by the NBCC for other types of
cladding.
The vertical joints between panels should be protected
against water entry with caulking or batten strips and
flashing is required at horizontal joints unless the siding
is lapped. The siding should be fastened with casing or
siding nails spaced at 150 mm along panel edges, 300
mm along intermediate supports and 10 mm minimum
from panel edges. Other equivalent fastening schedules
may be used.
Following installation OSB siding should be protected by
a good exterior quality finishing system (see Section 4.2).

Figure 8 Exterior Siding Installation

3 mm (1/8”) minimum gap OSB siding

between panels; caulk all joints

Seal all
panel edges

Support Horizontal
joints lap
40 mm (1-1/2”)
minimum or
flash

OSB Minimum
siding 3 mm (1/8”)
gap between
panels and
at door and
window
openings

25 mm (1”)
minimum lap 200 mm (8”)
at foundation minimum
25 mm (1”) above grade
minimum lap
200 mm (8”) at foundation
minimum
above grade
CAULKED APPLICATION BATTEN APPLICATION

Note: Sealing of panel edges is most conveniently performed while panels are neatly stacked.

Minimum Thickness 1,2

Stud Spacing Fastened Directly to Framing or Furring Fastened to Approved Sheathing Nail Size and Type
400 mm - 16” 9.5 mm (3/8”) 7.5 mm (5/16”) 51 mm (2”) corrosion-resistant
casing or siding nails
600 mm - 24” 12.5 mm (1/2”) 7.5 mm (5/16”)

Notes:
1. The minimum thickness of grooved or striated panels is measured from the panel back to the bottom of the groove.
2. OSB to conform to CSA O437.0, Grade O–2.

20
 5.6 Moisture during Construction
OSB structural sheathing is manufactured with an
exterior grade adhesive. Sloped OSB roofs will allow
rain water to run off. If ponding occurs on floors or other
flat surfaces SBA recommends excess water be
broomed off or several 25 mm diameter holes be drilled
in the ponding area to allow the water to drain.
5.7 Detailing and Good Construction
Practice
OSB like other wood products should be protected from
excess moisture. Ensure that sheathing paper or “house
wrap” is properly installed under stucco or brick veneer.
Provide adequate flashing over openings in brick veneer
walls so that the wall cavity will drain when moisture
penetrates the brick. In addition, provide adequate
flashing at all roof and wall openings and at changes in
horizontal and vertical direction (for example inside
corners, valleys, dormers). Properly caulk the space
where siding butts against door and window frames.
All panels should be spaced 3 mm (1/8”) on all sides to
allow for expansion due to moisture changes, and on
long floors or roofs install an expansion joint every 24 m.
Extra fastening and closer spacing is required in high
wind or seismic areas. Check with the local building
authority for these special requirements.
5.8 Shipping, Handling and Storage
OSB is a wood based product. Reasonable care is
required in warehousing and on the job site to protect
panels from mechanical damage and lengthy exposure
to adverse moisture conditions. For best results handle
panels as little as possible. Ship in the original lift loads
if possible. Use care in handling the panels to avoid
damaging corners and edges on the job site and keep
lifts out of the mud.
If storing OSB panels for long periods, store lifts indoors
or under cover with enough supports that panels remain
flat. Provide air circulation around panels by keeping
covers open and away from sides and bottoms of lift
loads.
5.9 Maximum Loads for OSB Panels
Table 9 provides the maximum allowable loads for rated
OSB roof sheathing panels. This table was developed
following extensive testing of these products in research
facilities plus many years of successful applications in
construction.
In addition, panels meeting CSA O325.0 have been
performance tested for a 1.7 kPa loading with a
deflection limit of L/240, where L is the spacing between
supports.
OSB rated floor sheathing panels meeting CSA O325.0
have been tested for a 4.8 kPa uniform load with a
deflection limit of L/360.

Table 9. Maximum Allowable Loads for CSA O325 Rated OSB Roof Sheathing
Panel Mark Thickness Maximum Span, Maximum Span, Allowable Live loads, kPa 4 ,3
(CSA 325) (mm) with Edge without Edge Spacing of Supports, centre to centre (mm)
Support 2 Support
(mm) (mm) 300 400 500 600 800 1000 1200

2R20 7.5, 9.5 500 500 5.7 2.4 1.4

4
2R24 9.5, 11.0, 12.5 600 500 8.1 4.8 2.8 1.4
1R24 11.0, 12.5 600 6005 9.1 4.8 3.1 1.9
5
2R32 12.0, 12.5 800 700 10.4 7.4 5.7 3.3 1.4
2R40 15.0, 15.5 1000 800 10.0 7.8 6.0 2.8 1.4
2R48 18.0, 18.5 1200 900 10.0 7.8 5.5 2.8 1.7
2R606 22.0, 25.0 1500 1200 10.0 7.8 5.5 3.3

Notes:
1. Values are valid when long panel dimension is across supports and for panels 600 mm or wider. For narrower panels, additional edge supports are required.
2. Tongue–and–groove edges, panel edge clips (one centered between supports, except two equally spaced between supports at 1200 mm o.c.),
limber blocking, or other.
3. Values include an allowance for 0.5 kPa dead load. If higher dead loads are used, the live load should be reduced accordingly.
4. 600 mm for 12.5 mm panels.
5. For enhanced performance, SBA recommends minimum 1R24 at 400 mm o.c. and 2R32 at 600 mm o.c.
6. Check with suppliers for availability.

21
 6.0 OTHER USES FOR OSB

6.1 Structural Insulated Panels

Structural Insulated panels (SIPS), also known as foam-
core sandwich panels, are becoming increasingly popular
for use as structural floors, walls and roofs (see Figure
9). These products
provide an alternate
Figure 9 Typical solution for owners
structural insulated panel and builders
Interior sheathing concerned with
energy efficiency and
dwindling natural
resources. These
panels are typically
manufactured in sizes
from 1220x2440 mm
(4’x8’) to 2440x7320
Foam
Core
mm (8’x24’) and
have quality certified
OSB faces with either
precast or foamed in
place rigid foam
cores. They are
Exterior sheathing manufactured
throughout the U.S.
and Canada in
modern quality controlled plants to fit a variety of home
designs and can easily be erected on prepared
foundations by trained installers. Individual manufacturers
certify capacities for the panels in accordance with an
ASTM Standard or an ICBO evaluation report. Individual
U.S. manufacturers have national and local code approval
under the National Evaluation System and Canadian
manufacturers are looking toward Canadian Construction
Materials Centre (CCMC) for evaluation. For more
information and a list of panel manufacturers, contact the
Structural Insulated Panel Association (www.sips.org).
6.2 Wood I-joists
Proprietary OSB is used extensively for the webs of
prefabricated wood I-joists. Wood I-joists can be used
for longer spans than conventional lumber, and because
they are manufactured at a low moisture content, greatly
reduce performance problems such as nail pops and
squeaky floors that sometimes occur with conventional
lumber.
Individual I-joist manufacturers certify design values for
their products under ASTM Standard D-5055 and CSA
Standard CSA O86. They also provide a wide range of
design information for use by the specifier or builder.
Wood I-joists can be cut to desired lengths either on the
job site or by order from the manufacturer. Most joists
are supplied with knockout ports for the installation of
electrical or heating systems. These knockout ports are
located within the joists so as not to effect strength
performance. SBA recommends the use of 25.0 mm
thick OSB rim boards equal in depth to the I-joist as part
of the floor system for added strength and load-carrying
capacity (refer to ICBO ES Report AC124 “Acceptance
Criteria For Wood-Based Rim Board Products”). SBA
discourages the use of nailed in place ordinary OSB wall
sheathing alone in load bearing rim joist applications.
For more information contact the SBA or members of the
Wood I-joist Manufacturers Association.
6.2.1 Engineered Floor Systems
Designers and builders are utilizing the superior load-
carrying capability of the wood I-joist along with thicker
(22.5 or 25.0 mm) OSB subfloor panels to construct an
engineered floor system that gives superior performance
in terms of deflection and vibration. This system is very
popular for long spans or under ceramic or marble tile
finished floors. For more information contact the SBA or
the I-joist manufacturer.
6.3 Renovation
OSB can be used in a variety of applications in
renovation projects. In addition to sheathing, other
applications include replacing or levelling original floors,
closing exterior openings due to relocation of doors and
windows, or modifying roofs to allow for construction of
dormers or lofts. Solid OSB panels are often used to
restrict entry to buildings being renovated or as a safety
fence around the renovation site. The versatile panels
also make excellent hidden forms for the construction of
concrete platforms or exterior concrete stairs.
6.4 Industrial Applications
OSB is commonly used in industrial applications. The
strength, workability, versatility, value and lack of
formaldehyde emissions, make them excellent
alternatives to plywood and solid wood. Panels
specifically identified or rated for roof, wall, and floor
applications in wood frame construction may be used
directly, or SBA members can customize panel
thickness, size or properties of OSB for specific

22
 applications. These advantages have been recognized
by industrial buyers particularly for crating and
packaging, materials handling and manufactured housing
applications. More and more OSB is chosen for crating,
pallets, bins, furniture frames, display racks and store
fixtures.
6.5 Engineering Design
Design values for OSB are given in the new CSA O86-01
“Engineering Design in Wood” for panels meeting CSA
O452 “Design Rated OSB” and CSA O325 “Construction
Sheathing”. Design values for shearwalls or diaphragms
are also provided for panels meeting CSA O325,
CSA O452 or CSA O437 “Strandboard and Waferboard”.
New in-grade tests have proven that CSA O325 panels
can meet the minimum strength and stiffness
requirements of CSA O437. Contact the SBA office for
further information on equivalent performance.
Additional information on Engineering Design is available
in the separate SBA publication “Design Rated OSB -
Design Manual”.
6.6 Horizontal Diaphragms and Shearwalls
OSB sheathing panels can be used to create horizontal
diaphragms and shearwalls in order to brace buildings
for wind and seismic loads. Tables 10 and 11 contain
the factored shear resistance for shearwalls and
diaphragms sheathed with OSB meeting CSA Standards
O325, O437 or O452. CSA O86 recognizes that OSB is
equivalent to plywood in diaphragms and shearwalls.
Note that proper design of shearwalls and diaphragms
include sizing the perimeter members for axial forces.
Also, the connections between the diaphragm and
shearwall must be engineered. The shearwall must also
be adequately anchored to the supporting wall or
foundation and the corners fastened down to prevent the
wall from overturning under lateral loads.

Table 10. Factored Shear Resistance (kN/m) for OSB Shearwalls with S-P-F Framing
CSA O325 Nominal Common Nail Nail
Panel Panel Nail Penetration in Spacing
Mark Thickness Diameter Framing at Panel Edges
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
150 100 75 50

2R24 9.5 2.84 31 3.48 5.28 6.83 8.95

3.25 38 3.86 5.60 7.15 9.27

1R24/2F16 11.0 3.25 38 4.19 6.12 7.86 10.20

2R32/2F16 or 1F16 12.5 3.25 38 4.57 6.63 8.56 11.20

3.66 41 5.41 8.05 10.50 13.40

2R40/2F20 15.5 3.66 41 5.92 8.95 11.70 15.30

Notes:
1. All panel edges backed with 38 mm or wider framing. Sheathing installed either vertically or horizontally. Space nails at 300 mm on centre along
intermediate framing members. Panels applied directly to framing.
2. Shear resistance values are for short term duration of load, dry service conditions and common nails only. For other loading, blocking or nail type
conditions, refer to CSA O86-01.
3. Values are for lumber with a moisture content of 15% or less prior to nailing. For unseasoned lumber, multiply the values by 0.8.
4. OSB to meet CSA standards O325, O437 or O452. Check for availability before specifying.
5. Values are for S-P-F framing lumber only. For other species of lumber, multiply the shear resistance values by the following factors:
D.Fir-L 1.25
Hem-Fir 1.12
Northern Species 0.87

23
6.7 OSB Panels over Metal Framing
The use of OSB panels over metal framing members is
possible with modern fastening methods such as self-
drilling, self-tapping screws or screw-shank nails. These
can be used to attach a wide range of panel thicknesses
to steel flanges, or lighter members such as cold-formed
steel sections. Construction adhesives recommended by
the metal framing manufacturers should be used with
hardened screw-shank nails.
Since threads extend only part way up the shank of
screws or nails, it is important to specify a fastener
length sufficient to engage the metal framing. Load-span
recommendations are the same as for wood-frame
systems described elsewhere in this manual. (Contact
SBA for additional information.)

Table 11. Factored Shear Resistance (kN/m) for OSB Diaphragms with S-P-F Framing

Common Min. CSA O325 Nominal Min. Blocked Diaphragms Unblocked Diaphragms
Nail Nail Panel Panel Nominal Nail Spacing (mm) at Boundaries (All Cases) and at Nail Spacing at 150 mm
Diameter Penetration Mark Thickness Width of Continuous Panel Edges Parallel to Load Maximum at Supported Edges
(mm) in Member (mm) Framing (Cases 3 - 4)
(mm) (mm) 150 100 64 50 Load Perp. to
Unblocked
Nail Spacing at Other Panel Edges, mm Edges All Other
150 150 100 75 Case 1 Cases 2-3-4

2.84 31 2R24 9.5 38 3.22 4.38 6.57 7.08 2.90 2.19

64 3.67 4.89 7.34 8.37 3.22 2.45

3.25 38 2R24 9.5 38 4.19 5.60 8.44 9.66 3.80 2.83

64 4.70 6.31 9.47 10.90 4.19 3.15
1R24/2F16 11.0 38 4.44 5.92 8.82 10.30 4.06 2.96
64 5.02 6.63 9.98 11.60 4.44 3.35
2R32/2F16 12.5 38 4.70 6.31 9.27 10.30 4.19 3.15
64 5.28 7.02 10.50 11.60 4.64 3.48

3.66 41 2R32/2F16 12.5 38 5.09 6.76 10.00 11.60 4.44 3.35

64 5.67 7.53 11.40 12.90 5.09 3.80
2R40/2F20 15.5 38 5.60 7.47 11.20 12.90 5.02 3.80
(or 1F20) 64 6.31 8.37 12.60 14.20 5.60 4.19
2R48/2F24 18.5 64 11.30(*) 16.40(*)
(or 1F24) 89 13.10(*) 18.80(*)

Notes:
1. Space nails at 300 mm on centre along intermediate framing members. Nails placed not less than 9 mm from panel edge. Panels applied directly to
framing.
2. Shear resistance values are for short term duration of load, dry service conditions and common nails only. For other loading or nail type conditions,
refer to CSA O86-01.
3. Values are for lumber with a moisture content of 15% or less prior to nailing. For unseasoned lumber, multiply the values by 0.8.
4. OSB to meet CSA standards O325, O437 or O452. Check for availability before specifying.
5. Values are for S-P-F framing lumber only. For other species of lumber, multiply the shear resistance values by the following factors:
D.Fir-L 1.25
Hem-Fir 1.12
Northern Species 0.87
6. (*) Two lines of fasteners required

Note: Framing is permitted in either direction for blocked diaphragms 24

 APPENDIX A - GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Deflection:
The amount a panel deflects between two supports when carrying a load. Maximum deflection for roof loads is usually
L/240 for live load only or L/180 for total load. For floor loads, maximum deflection is usually L/360 for live load plus
dead load.
Exterior bond panel:
A panel bonded with a thermosetting binder and with the quality of the adhesive bond controlled in production by means
of a specified bond durability test.
Major axis (Strength axis):
The axis with the greater stiffness and strength in bending. For OSB, the direction of alignment of the strands in the face
layers of the panel.
Minor axis:
The axis with the lesser stiffness and strength in bending. For OSB, the direction at right angles to alignment of the
strands in the face layers of the panel.
Nominal thickness:
The grademark specified thickness marked on the panel.
OSB:
An abbreviation for Oriented Strand Board; a type of mat–formed panel with oriented or aligned strands resulting in
directional properties. OSB conforms to standards such as CSA O325, O437, O452, US DOC PS 2 or other
national standards (JAS, EN).
Performance Rated (or Rated):
Panels which have been tested to meet specific loading and deflection conditions from impact, concentrated static,
uniformly distributed and racking loads for panels intended to span two or more supports.
Strand:
A specialized knife-cut wood flake of controlled thickness and a length along the grain orientation of at least twice and
usually many times its width.
Touch–Sanded:
A process that removes material from the panel surface to provide a uniform thickness. Tongue and Groove panels are
usually touch–sanded.
Thermosetting binder:
An adhesive or binder which when fully cured is not softened by heat, and will not break down in the presence of
moisture.
Wafer:
A specialized knife cut wood flake having a controlled length of at least 30mm (1 1/4”) along the grain, a controlled
thickness and a variable width.
APA - The Engineered Wood Association:
An industry association of plywood, OSB, glulam and engineered wood manufacturers. They supplied some information
found in this manual. APA provides a quality assurance program for its member companies.
HUD:
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. HUD sets standards for government financed construction
and manufactured homes.
PSI:
Professional Service Industries Inc, Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory; a compliance, assurance and inspection agency with
wood products testing facilities in Eugene, OR.
TECO:
A U.S. national inspection and testing agency with wood products testing facilities in Madison, WI, Eugene, OR, and
Shreveport, LA.

25
 APPENDIX B - SBA MEMBER PLANT LOCATIONS

2 1

Canada

U.S.A.

Brazil

4
Poland
7

France
3

26
 SBA MEMBER COMPANIES

Member Companies Address Telephone and Fax Mill Locations Map #

Numbers (Sales Office) Reference

Grant Forest Products Inc. 2233 Argentia Road 905-858-3200 Englehart, ON Canada 1
Mississauga, ON Canada L5N 2X7 905-858-3208 Timmins, ON Canada 2

ISOROY S.A. 54-56 rue d’Arcueil, SILIC 135 33-1-56-30-20-00 Châtellerault, France 3
Immeuble Amsterdam 33-1-57-02-12-71
94523 Rungis Cédex, France

Kronopol Sp. z o.o. ul. Serbska 56 48-68-363-1100 Zary, Poland 4

68-200 Zary, Poland 48-68-363-1262

Langboard Inc. P.O. Box 837, Hwy 84 East 229-263-8943 Quitman, GA U.S.A. 5
Quitman, GA U.S.A. 31643 229-263-5535

Martco Partnership P.O. Box 1110 318-445-1973 Morrow, LA U.S.A. 6

Alexandria, LA U.S.A. 71309 318-443-0159

MASISA do Brasil Ltda. Rua Visconde do Rio Branco 55-41-324-0334 Ponta Grossa, Brazil 7
1341-8 Andar 80.420-210, 55-41-219-1870
Curitiba PR, Brazil

Panneaux Tembec OSB 775, 122 Street 888-343-0735 St-Georges de Champlain, 8

Tembec Forest Products Group St-Georges de Champlain, QC 819-538-0595 QC, Canada
Canada G9T 5K7

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 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS

BASF Corporation NGM International Inc.

Borden Canada Tembec Resins Division

Canadian Willamette Industries Inc. TSI

Eugene Forest Systems Ltd. UMA Engineering Ltd.

Huntsman Polyurethanes Valspar Corporation

ALLIED MEMBERS

Specialty Wood Journal Thermapan Industries

RESEARCH MEMBERS

Ecole Supérieure du Bois - Nantes Université Laval

Louisiana State University University of Minnesota (NRRI)

Michigan Technological Institute University of New Brunswick (WSTC)

Mississippi State University University of Tennessee

Pennsylvania State University (PHRC) University of Toronto

University of British Columbia Virginia Polytechnic Institute

University of Hamburg West Virginia University

AFFILIATED WITH

Alberta Research Council North American Coalition on Green Building

American Wood Council Sustainable Forestry Certification Coalition, Canada

Canadian Wood Council Wilhelm - Klauditz Institute, Germany

COMACO, Mexico Wood Panel Bureau, Canada

European Panel Federation Wood Promotion Network, North America

Forintek Canada Corporation Wood WORKS!, Canada

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