Chapter 1 Advent of a National Hero Life Works Rizal was born on June Rizal used to play games 19,

19, 1861 in the lakeshore with his sisters and had town of Calamba Laguna boyish quarrels with them. and was baptized by Fr. Rufino Collantes on June 22, 1861. Rizal was the seventh children of Don Francisco Mercado Rizal and Doa Teodora Alonso Realonda. Rizal was a product of the mixture of races from the blood of both east and west. Chapter 2 Childhood Years in Calamba Life He grew up in a happy home ruled by good parents, bubbling w/ joy and sanctified by Gods blessings. He prays the Angelus and has a nocturnal walk in the town especially when theres a moon. He watches the birds from his garden cottage and listened to their music. He loved to go to church, to pray, to take part on the novenas and to join the religious processions. He used to meditate at the shore of Laguna de Bay on the sad condition of his oppressed people. He rides on a spirited pony w/c is bought by his father. Works He made sketches and mold in clay and wax objects. Rizal w/ his father went to Antipolo on June 6, 1868 to fulfill his mothers vows. He painted a banner in oil colors during the fiesta. He is interested in magic and performed it on stage. He had scrabbled verses on loose sheets of paper and on the textbook of his sisters. Writings Sa aking mga kababata, was the first poem in the native language written by Rizal. He also wrote his first dramatic work w/c was a Tagalog Comedy. In Memory of My town Writings

 Chapter 3 Early Education in Calamba and Bian Life Doa Teodora mother of Rizal was the first teacher who taught him to read and pray. His classmates were jealous of him because of his superiority in academic studies. Jose in Bian became depressed because of home sickness of his town Calamba. His parents employed private tutors to give him lessons at home. The old painter Juancho gave him lessons in drawing and painting. Works Rizal went to Bian to continue his studies. He spent leisure hours at the studio of Juancho an od painter until he became an apprentice of the old painter. After his studies in Bian, he collected peebles on the river fo soveigners. Writings

Chapter 4 Scholastics Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila Life He didnt celebrate his eleventh birthday because his mother was in prisoned. He paid three pesos foran extra Spanish lessons instead of playing and gossiping with other Ateneo. He experienced his first romance w/ Segunda Katigbak after his graduation. He was awarded a prize, because he became an emperor after the end of the month. He was interested in reading romantic novels Works He went to Manila to take entrance examinations in Ateneo. He carved the image of the Virgin mary on a piece of Batikuling. He also studied sculpture and painting. He took private lessons in Santa Isabel College to improve his Spanish language. He engaged extra curricular activities in Ateneo and cultivated his literary talent under the guidance of Fr. Sanchez. He visited his mother in Writings He wrote the My First Inspiration w/c dedicated to his mother. He also wrote a poems on education the Through education our Motherland receives Light and The Ultimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education. He wrote St. Eustace, the Martyr a drama based on the phrase of St. Eustace, The Martyr. His religious poems entitled To the Child Jesus and To the virgin Mary. He also wrote anecdotes

and love stories as a normal teenager did. Despite of the inprisonment of Doa Teodora, Rizal still maintains his grades in Ateneo.

Sta. Cruz to cheer up his mother in prison and telling his scholastic triumphs in Ateneo. He read fiction books and non-fiction books.

w/c prevails the heros resignation to pain and forgiveness.

Chapter 5 Medical Studies at the University Of Sto. Thomas Life Despite of academic studies in the University of Sto. Thomas and Ateneo, Rizal had ampletime of love. He also engaged in joining contest about literary works. He had fierce encounters between Filipino students and their pale skinned detractors near the Escolta in Manila. As a freshman medical student experienced Spanish brutality for he did not salute nor greetings to a guardia civil Filipino students including Rizal were discriminated by the Spanish students. Rizal participated in the school brawls to the Spanish students. Works Rizal enrolled in University of Sto. Thomas taking a course of Philosophy and letters. He studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and history of Philosophy during his first years term. He studied a vocational course titled to Expert Surveyor into the Ateneo. Rizal went on a pilgrimage to the town of Pakil, famous shrine of Birhen de los Dolores. Founded a secret society of Filipino students called Compaerismo. Writings To the Filipino Youth an award winning poem of Rizal on Artistic Literary Lyceum of Manila. The council of Gods w/c was second prize piece. He wrote a sonnet entitled A Filipinas for the album of the society of sculptors. He wrote poems entitled Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma and Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon.

 Chapter 6 In Sunny Spain Life The monthly allowance of Rizal in Madrid were late in arrival and there are times when they never arrived, causing much suffering to him. Aside from studies in University, he studied painting and sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. He spent leisure hours in reading and writing at his boarding house. From Singapore to Colombo in the steamer Djemnah, he records his impressions on his diary about the point Galle and Colombo. He led a Spartan life in Madrid, he study and prepares himself for a service to his fatherland. He rigidly budgeted his money and time and lives frugally. During the Summer twilights, he sipped coffee and fraternized with the students from Cuba, Mexico, Argentina at the Antigua Caf de Levante. Works During the voyage to Singapore, Rizal carefully observed the people and things on board the steamer. He visited the famous Chateau dIf where Dantes, hero of The Count of Monte de Cristo was imprisoned. He enjoyed promenading along Las Ramblas the famous street of Barcelona. He build a fair-sized private library consisting of books from a second hand bookstore On his visit to Paris, he improved his mind by observing closely the French way of life and spending many hours at the Museum Writings He wrote Amor Patrio a nationalistic essay his first article written on Spanish soil Los Viajes a second article of Rizal for Diariong Tagalog. They ask me for a favor a poem which personally declaimed during the New Years Eve of Madrid Filipinos. To Miss C.O. y P. a lovely poem dedicated to Consuelo Ortiga y Perez They asked me for Verses a poem which he wrote upon the request of Hispano-Philippine Circle.

 Chapter 7 Paris to Berlin Life He served as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert a famous oculist in Europe. By day, Rizal worked as an assistant in the clinic of Dr. Schweigger, eminent German ophthalmologist and at night, he attended lecture in University of Berlin. During the bleak winter of Berlin, he lived in poverty because no money arrived from Calamba and he was flat broke. Rizal as a musician played an important role in all reunions especially in the home of Pardo de Taveras and Luna Studio. On his vacation in Wilhelmsfeld, he stayed at the vicarage of a kind protestant pastor, Dr. Karl Ullmer and he was endeared by the Ullmer family. He spent his leisure hours and moments touring the country sides around Berlin observing keenly the customs, dresses, homes and occupations of the peasant. Works Outside of his working hours at Dr. Weckerts clinic, Rizal relaxed by visiting his friend. He helped Luna by posing as a model in several paintings. Rizal visited the scenics spots around Heidelberg. He became a member of Anthropological society and Geographical society of Berlin. By sheered determination and practiced, Rizal came to play a flute and became a flutist in various impromptu reunions of Filipinos in Paris. He spent a three-month summer vacation at Wilhemsfeld, a mountainous village near Heidelberg after he wrote To the Flowers of Heidelberg. Writings Alin Mang Lahi a patriotic song which asserts that any races aspire freedom. To the Flowers of Heidelberg which he wrote to abolish his home sickness. Deportation a sad danza which he composes in the Dapitan during his exile.

 Chapter 8 Noli Me Tangere Published in Berlin Life In 1886, the bleak winter it was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city. He went to Paris after completing his studies in the Central University in Madrid. Rizal and Viola Celebrated the Christmas of 1886 in Berlin a sumptuous feast and happily. Rizal was suspected as a French spy. Works He proposed the writing of novel about the Philippines by a group of Filipinos. Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid and finished about one-half of it. He spent his time in writing the Noli. He finished the last fourth of the novel in Germany. he wrote the last few chapters of the Noli in Wilhelmsfeld. He mede the final revisions of the manuscript of the Noli. They printed the Noli in Berlimer Buchdruckler action Czesselschaft. Writings Noli Me Tangere

Chapter 9 Rizals Grand Tour of Europe with Viola Life Rizal planned to visit important places in Europe together with Dr. Maximo Viola. First, they visit Dresden, Germany He meets for the first time Blumentritt. He had beautiful memories of Leitmeritz. He enjoyed the warm hospitality of Blumentritts Family After Leitmeritz, Rizal and Viola visited the historical city of Prague, Vienna, Panubian voyage to Untz, fro Lintz to Rheinfall Works Rizal this time received Pacianos remittance of 1,000 php so he was just a tourist. At this time, he had no work. Rizal desiring to commemorate his happy hours at the Blumentritt home, painted a portrait of the kind professor and give it to him. Meet some famous professor,naturalist and scholars with the recommendation of professor Blumentritt. Writings

crossing the frontier to Switzerland, Geneva. Chapter 10 First Homecoming Life Rizal made a decision to return home. He had a delightful trip to Manila Upon arrival delightful, happy homecoming. Storm broke over his novel. Gov-General Emilio requested hi to Malacanan Palace for some question. There were many attackers of Noli including Dominicans and Augustinian friars. But there were also his defenders like Rev. Vincent Garcia, a Filipino catholic priestscholar. Works He established a medical clinic. His first patient was his mother. He opened a gymnasium for young folks, where he introduced European sports Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade was assigned to body guard him. They were two good friends and have the same interest. Rizal continues to help the people of Calamba. Writings Translated the German poems of von wildernath into tagalog. Before leaving again in the Philippines. he wrote a poem for lipa entitled hymn to labor

Chapter 11 Hong Kong and Macao Life On Feb. 03, after a short stay of six months in his beloved Calamba, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro. He was sick and sad during the crossing of the China sea. He did not get of his ship when it made brief stopover at Amoy of Feb.07. for three reason, He was not feeling well, It was raining, He heard that the city was dirty Works Rizal and Basa stayed at the home of Don Juan Francisco Lecaros, A Filipino gentleman married a Portuguese lady. He was rich and spent his days cultivating plants and flowers, many of which came from the Philippines. During his two days sojourn in Macao, he visited the theater, casino, cathedral and church, pagodas, botanical garden and bazaars. Writings

 He also saw the famous grotto of camoens, Portugals national poet. In the evening of Feb.19, he witnesses a catholic procession in which the devotees were dressed in blue and purple dresses and their carrying unlighted candles. Chapter 12 Romantic Interlude in Japan Life His happiest interludes that sojourn in the land of the cherry blossom for one and half month. He felt in love with Japanese girl. He meets Juan Perez Caballero and become good friends. He meet the Filipino musicians. Despite his sorrowing heart, he enjoyed the pleasant trans Pacific voyage to the United States. He meet the semi-Filipino family, Reinaldo Turner & his wife Emma Jackson. He meets Tetcho Suehiro and become a friend of him. He was embarrassed because he did not know the Japanese language during his first day in Tokyo Works Keen observer, taking copious notes on the life, customs and culture of the people. Wrote a diary for his great love for O-Sei-San Wrote a letter to Prof. Blumentritt that describes Tokyo. Tokyo is more expensive than Paris, the walls are built in cyclopean manner, and the streets are large and wide. Writings

 Chapter 13 Rizals visit to the United States Life Works Rizal docked at san Francisco through the streamer Belgic. Rizal and other passengers where held under health quarantine. After week in quarantine, they were free and Rizal registered at Palace Hotel. Rizal stayed in San Francisco where in at the president was Gov. Cleveland. Rizal left San Francisco for Oakland by a ferry boat. In Oakland, he boarded a train for his trip across the continent and have a supper at Sacramento and slept in his couch. The next day, he took a breakfast at Reno Nevada the biggest little city in the world. In Utah states is the 3rd state he passed over. Rizal ate much and passed between two mountains through a narrow channel. The next day Rizal woke up at Colorado, the 5th state crossed over. Rizal crossed Nebragka, Omaha and passed over Missouri bridge and then Illinois. Next day morning, Chicago where Rizal found it cultivated. Approaching Canada Rizal saw Ningara Falls which he coined the greatest cascade he saw. He arrived at Albany which he coined a big city crossed over a bridge in Hudson River. Rizal reached New York and visited scenic and historic places and inspired by the memorial to George Washington which he described as the great man who I think has no equal in this country. Rizal boarded the steamer city of Rome for Liverpool leaving New York. Chapter 14 Rizal in London (1888-89) Life Rizal lived in London from May 1888 to March 1889.He chose this English city to be his new home for three reasons: 1.)To improve his knowledge of the English language, 2.)To study and annotate Morgas Succesos De Las Islas Filipinas, 3.)London Works Rizal entertained the American and European passengers with his marvelous skill with the Yo-Yo as an offensive weapon. Penned a famous letter to the young women of Malolos. Writings Wrote many articles for La Solidaridad in defense of his people against Spanish critics. Wrote a letter to his family In a letter to Blumentritt, dated September 17, 1888, Rizal said: Morgas Writings

was a safe place for him to carry on his fight against Spanish tyranny. Had a romance with Gertude Becket. The trans-Atlantic voyage of Rizal from New York to Liverpool was a peasant one. He won many friends of different nationalities on board the palatial city of Rome because of his friendly nature and his ability as a linguist. Rizal arrived at Liverpool, England, On May 24, 1888, he stayed one day in this port city, spending the night at the Adelphi hotel. On May 25, 1888, a day after docking at Liverpool, Rizal went to London. For short time, he stayed as guest at the home of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor. By the end of May, he found a modest boarding place at no.37 chalcot crescent, primrose hill. He was a boarder of the Beckett family. Rizal came to know Dr. Reinhold Rost, the librarian of ministry of foreign affairs and an authority on Malayan languages and customs. Dr. Rost was impressed by Rizals learning and charater, and he gladly recommended him to the authorities of the British museum. He called Rizal A Pearl of Man. Rizal spent much of time in the British museum, during over the pages of Morgas sucesos and other rare historical works on the Philippines.

He frequently visited Dr. Regidor and discussed with him problems pertaining to Philippines affairs. The greatest achievements of Rizals in London were the annotating of Morgas book, Sucessos de las Islas Filipinas (historical events of the Philippines Islands). He spent many days in the reading room of the British Museum during over the pages of this book and laboriously reading, the old histories of the Philippines. On Dec.11, 1888, He went to Spain, visiting Madrid and Barcelona and surveyed the political situation with regards to the agitation for Philippines reforms. He met Marcelo H.del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, two titans of the propaganda movement. He exchange d ideas with these new friends and promise to cooperate in the right for reforms. To his friend Blumentritt, Rizal sent a Christmas gift a bust of emperor Augustus which he had made. This emperor was the ruler of the roman empire when Jesus Christ born in Bethlehem. To another friend Dr. Carlos Czepelak(Polish

work is an excellent book; it can be said that Morga is a modern scholarly explorer. He does not have the super finicality and exaggeration which are found among Spaniards today. That night he wrote to Blumentritt. It is now Noche Buena (Christmas eve); it is the I like best to celebrate. It reminds me of the many good days not only of my infancy, but also of history. As the leader of these country men in Europe, Rizal wrote a letter addressed to the members of the Asociacion La Solidaridad, on January 28, 1889. In this letter, he expressed his thanks for the honor of making him honorary president and gave the following advice. First article in La Solidaridad was Las Agricultores Filipinos A pamphlet entitled La Vision Del Fray Rodriguez To the Young Women of Malolos. The articles Specimens of Tagal Folklore and the Two Eastern Fables.

 He spent Sundays in the house of Dr. Rost, with whom he had many pleasant discussions on linguistics. He also played cricket (popular English Game) and boxed with Rosts sons. Both good and bad news from home reached Rizal in London. Of the bad news, were the injustices committed by the Spanish authorities on the Filipino people and the Rizals family. One good news cheered Rizal, and that was Rev. Vicente Garcias defense of the Noli against the attacks of the friars. For about ten months, Rizal was deeply immersed in his historical studies in London. Early in September, 1888, he visited Paris for a week, in order to search for more historical materials in the Bibliotheque Nationale. He was entering trained in this gay French metropolis by Juan Luna and his wife (Paz Pardo de Tavera), who proudly showed him their little son Andres (nickname Luling). After poring over the old books and manuscript in the Bibliotheque Nationale, he returned to London. Rizal returned to London on December 24 and spent Christmas and a new years day with the Becketts. He experience a delightful Christmas eve, his first on English soil. While busy in his historical studies in London, Rizal learned that the Filipinos in

Scholar), he gave Christmas gift a bust of Julius Ceasar. In La vision del Fray Rodriguez, Rizal demonstrated two things: 1. His profound knowledge of religion and 2. His biting satire. He made sculptural works: 1. Prometheus Bound 2. The triumph of death over life 3. The triumph of science over death and, 4. A composite carving of the heads of the Beckett sisters. A composite head carving of the heads of the Beckett sisters, he gave as farewell gift to the Beckett sisters. He packed the triumph of death over life and the triumph of science over death and send to his friend, professor Blumentritt, Leitmeritz.

Barcelona were planning to establish a patriot society which would cooperate in the society, called Asociacion La Solidaridad. By unanimous vote of all the members, Rizal was chosen honorary president. This was recognition of his leadership among all Filipino patriots in Europe. Rizal congratulate Lopez Jaena and his associates in founding La Solidaridad. While busy in research studies at the British museum, Rizal received news in Fray Ridriguez unabated attack in his Noli. Rizal had a romantic interlude with the oldest of the three Beckett sistersGertude,Gettle, as she was affectionately called, was a buxom English girl with brown hair, blue eyes, and rosy cheeks. She fell in love with Rizal. Rizal, being a man of normal emotions, found exhilarating joy in Gertudes company. Their friendship drifted towards romance. On March 19, Rizal bade goodbye to the kind Beckett family and left London for Paris.

 Chapter 15 Rizals Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal Exposition of 1889 Life Rizal lived in the house of Valentine Ventura because the cost of living was very high. He transferred his residence several times, moving from one hotel to another. Finally he lived in a little room together w/ Capt. Justo Trinidad and Jose Albert. Rizal become the godfather of the daughter of Juan Luna and Paz Pardo de Tavera. Rizal was fascinated by the Universal Exposition of Paris. Rizal and the members of the Kidlat Club were amazed to see the buffalo bull show w/c featured the American Indians. Rizal was enchanted by the dignified & proud bearinf of the American Indians. Rizal feature the new society of Filipino patriots in Paris- the Indios Bravos. Rizal founded a new society in Paris, the R.D.L.M. Rizals outstanding achievement was the publication of his annotated edition of Morgas Sucesos. Rizals research studies in the British Museum and in the Bibliotheque Nationale enriched his historical knowledge. Works He published his annotated edition of Morgas book. He used most of his time in the reading room of the Bibliotheque Nationale checking up his historical annotations on Morgas book. Rizal used to dine at the homes of his friends in his spare hours. He spend 1 or 2 hours in the gymnasium and in fencing, 3 or 4 hour in the library and the rest, he used up in her writing and visiting friends. Rizal and his friends attended the opening ceremonies and saw the cutting of ribbon by President Sadi Carnot of the Third French Republic. Rizal participated in the International Art Competition. Rizal organized his paisanos into a society called Kidlat Club. They practiced with great enthusiasm the use of sword and pistol. Rizal taught Judo, an Asian art of self defense. Rizal stated the aims of a secret society, and it was the propagation of all useful knowledge-scientific, artistic, and literary, etc. Another aims was the redemption of the Malay Writings Two historical commentaries written in London, Ma-yi and Tawasili of Ibn Batuta; Filipinas dentro de Cien Aos, published in La Solidaridad in four issues. La Politica Colonia on Filipinas (Colonial Policy in the Philippines) Manila en el mes de Diciembre, 1872 (Manila in the month of December, 1872). Historia de la familia Rizal de Calamba (History of the Rizal family in Calamba). Los Pueblos del Archipelago Indico (The People of the Indian Archipelago). He wrote Por Telefono as a reply to another slanderer, Fr. Salvador.

 Rizal has magnificent project in Paris w/c also fizzled out his plan to establish a modern college in Hong Kong. His project in Hong Kong did not materialize. Rizal and Jose Albert planned to have a sumptuous Christmas dinner. Rizal visit London for 2 reasons: 1. To check up his annotated edition of Morgas Sucesos w/ the original copy in the British. 2. To see Gertrude Beckett for the last time.

race. His knowledge in foreign language enabled Rizal to read historical documents and books in the languages in w/c they were originally written. Rizal wrote other works w/c qualify him to be a real historian. He portrayed at the beginning of his article the glorious past of the Filipino people. Rizal proposed to established an International association of Filipinologist . Rizal defended his Noli from the slanderous attack of Fray Jose Rodriguez by penning a satirical booklet entitle La Vision del Fray Rodriguez. Chapter 16 In Belgian Brussels

Life Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of Belgium. Rizal left Paris because the cot of living in Paris was very high because of the Universal Exposition. Rizal did not accept the offer of Valentin Ventura to live w/ him w/o paying rents because he has a high sense of dignity and would not accept charity from any man. In Brussels, Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert. They live in a modest boarding house

Works In Brussels, Rizal was busy writing his second novel w/c was a continuation of the Noli. He had gymnastics at gymnasium and target practice and fencing at the armory. Rizal wrote articles of the La Solidaridad in defense of his oppressed people. Every two days, he goes to the gymnasium and practice fencing and shooting. He wrote to M. H. Del Pilar to remind the

Writings He wrote articles for La Solodaridad.. He wrote To La Defensa as a reply to a an anti-Filipino writing of a Spanish author Patricio dela Escosura La Verdad Para Todos defense against Spanish charges that the native local officials were ignorant and depraved. Vicente Barrantes Teatro Tagalog rizal exposes Barrantes ignorance on tagalong theatrical art. Una Profanacion a

run by the Jaceby sisters. Rizal was the first to advocate the Filipino of its orthography. Rizal received news that the Filipinos in Spain were destroying the good name of their nation by gambling. Rizal was depressed when he knew the sorrowful fights of his parents, brothers and brothers-in-law. Rizal refused to pay his rents because of the Dominican hacienda continually raised the land rents. Rizal had bad dreams during the nights because he was always thinking of unhappy family in Calamba. Rizal planned to go home because he could not stay in Brussels writing a book while his parents, relatives and friends in the distant Philippines were persecuted. The friends of Rizal warned him of the danger that awaited him at home.

Filipinos in Madrid that they did not come to Europe to gamble, but to work for their Fatherlands freedom. He wrote to Ponce , that Graciano Lopez Jaena should not go to Cuba to die for yellow fever. He wrote to M. H. del Pilar to inform that he was going to Madrid in order to supervise the handling of case. He wrote to Ponce on July 29, he announced that he was leaving Brussels at the beginning of the following month and would arrived in Madrid about the 3rd or 4th (August).

bitter attack against the friars for denying Christian burial to Mariano Herbosa in Calamba. Verdades Nuevas (New Truths) asserted that the granting of reforms in the Philippines would ruin the peaceful and maternal rule of the friars. Crueldad a brilliant defense of Blumentritt. Diferencias a reply to a biased article entitled old Truths Inconsequencias a defense of Antonio Luna. Llanto y Risas a denunciation of Spanish racial prejudice against brown Filipinos. Ingratitudes a reply to Gov. Gen. Valeriano Weler. Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala laid down the rules of the new tagalong orthography and w/ modest sincerity. He wrote a poem Music to My Life.

Chapter 17 Misfortunes in Madrid Life Early in Aug.1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid as he was waging a futile fight for justice. He learned from Saturnina's letter that their Works He tried to seek justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants including his family. In his desperation, he sought the aid of the liberal Writings Eulogy to Panganiban.

parents had been forcing ejected from their home and were then living in the house of Narcisa. After his experienced of disappointment, he received sad news that his friend, Jose Ma. Panganiban, died in Barcelona in Aug.19, 1890, after a lingering illness. Towards the end of Aug.1890, Rizal attended a social reunion in Madrid, and after drinking so many glasses, one of the guests became more locquacious, and it was Antonio Luna. He heard Luna uttered certain unsavory remarks about Nellie. An another occasions, his bitter enemy of the pen, Wenceslao E. Retana, wrote anti-Filipino newspaper in Madrid, asserting that family and friends of Rizal had not paid their rents. At Teatro Polo, Rizal loss his pocket with the image of his sweetheart, Leonor Rivera. He received a letter from Leonor, announcing her coming marriage to an Englishman and asking forgiveness. Rizal became Responsable after voting from two hostile groups: Rizalistas and Pilaristas. Rizal write a brief note thanking his compatriots for electing him as Responsable.

Spanish statesmen, but he was disappointed for these statesmen merely gave his sympathy and nothing else. He deeply expressed a sorrow for the passing of this Bicol hero, and a great eulogy to Panganiban. Rizal challenged Luna to a duel by using a sword and Filipinos were shocked. Fortunately, Luna became sober. Rizal accepted his apology and they became good friends again. Rizal challenged Retana to a duel. Only Retana's blood or his apology could vindicate the good name of Rizal's family and friends. The incident silenced Retana's pen against him, and he came to recognized and glorified Martyrdom. Rizal has nothing to do, his eyes dimmed with tears, and his heart broke. His best friend, Blumentritt, has no choice but comforting Rizal by sending a letter. He graciously declined the coveted position because he knew that some of his compatriots who supported Del Pilar despised or disliked him. He preferred to abdicate his leadership to avoid disunity and bitterness among his countrymen. He packed up his bags, paid his bills, and boarded a train leaving for Biarritz.

 Chapter 18 Biarritz Vacation and Romance with Nelly Bousted Life Rizal arrived in Biarritz on Feb. 1891 and warmly welcomed by the Beusteads because of his talents. The one-month vacation worked wonders for him. The romance of Rizal and Nelly beneath the lovely Biarritz moon did not have a happy fairy tale because he refused to give up his Catholic faith and Nelly's mother dislike him. Frustrated in romance, Rizal found consolation in writing. On March 30, 1891, Rizal proceeded to Paris by train and stayed at the home of his friends Valentine Ventura. He express in his letter to Basa to advance him the amount for a 1st class streamer ticket from Europe to Hong Kong. Since Rizal abdicating his leadership in Madrid in Jan. 1891, he retired from the Propaganda Movement, or reform crusade. Many friends of Rizal in Spain urged him to continue writing his for the patriotic periodical because his articles always attracted considerable attention in Europe countries. Rizal finished revising his 2nd novel and he informed Basa about the books. Works After sorrowing his heart and his health was improved, he writes a letter to Mariano Ponce. Years later when he was living in exile in Dapitan, he refused Fr. Pastell's accusation that he was a Protestant. Then, although Rizal could not get married with Nelly, they parted as good friends, and he was leaving Europe. While wooing Nellie and enjoying so with her, he kept on working on his 2nd novel which he began to write in Calamba in 1887. By the middle of April, 1891, he was back in Brussels, where he was happily received by Marie and Suzanne Jacoby and by Petite Suzanne. He desired to publish his 2nd novel to practical profession, and he expected to make a more vigorous campaign for his country's redemption. He notified the Propaganda authorities in Manila to cancel his monthly allowance and devote the money to some better cause. Rizal ceased writing articles for La Solidaridad because of his retirement from the Propaganda Movement. In Brussels, Rizal worked Writings

day after day revising the finished manuscript of El Filibusterismo.q He wrote a letter to from Biatritz to Mariano Ponce. He wrote a letter to his intimate friends, his love for Nellie, his intenion to propose marriage to her. He wrote a letter to Del Pilar, denying any resentment and explaining why he stopped writng for La Solidaridad. He wrote a letter to Jose Ma. Basa for sending him money for the printing of the book revising his 2nd novel. He finished manuscript of El Filibusterismo and wrote a letter to Blumentritt. Chapter 19 El Filibusterismo Published in Ghent Life Days flow swiftly for Rizal in Brussels like flying arrows. On July5, 1891, Rizal left Brussels for Ghent for the printing of his novel. Both Rizal and his friends live a very frugal life. Rizal encounters variety of hardship just to approve his novel until it turns despair. Valentine Ventura, his dare friend, the savior of his second novel. Works He was busy revising and polishing the manuscript of El Filibusterismo. He wrote many chapters in Paris and in Madrid, and finished the manuscript in Biarritz on March 29, 1891. It took him three years to finish his second novel. His 2nd novel is dedicated to the three martyrdom of Father Gomez,Burgos, and Zamora. His second novel is a political novel; it is a work of the head a book of thought; it contains bitterness, hatred, pain, violence, and sorrow. Writings On Sep.13, 1891, Rizals second novel El Filibusterismo come off the press in Ghent. Rizal had finished his third novel with a theme the habits and customs of the Filipinos. He had also other unfinished novels, the Makimasa, the Dapitan, one is written on Spanish about the life in Pili, and the life of Cristobal.

 Chapter 20 Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong Life Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong where he lived from Nov. 1891 to June 1892. Rizal left Ghent for Paris, where he stayed a few days to say goodbye to Lunas, Pardo de Tavera, Ventura and friends, Rizal arrived in Hong Kong and was welcomed by the Filipino residence. He wrote a letter to his parents asking their permission to return home. Before Christmas, he was gladdened by the arrival of his father, mother, and brother-in-law. Rizal practice medicine in Hong Kong, Works He successfully operated his mother eye. Rizal open his medicine clinic, he went to Sandakan to negotiate with the British authorities for the establishment of a Filipino colony. He wrote a letter to his friends and relatives, that he would really go home and his relatives were opposing. Writings Ang Mga Karapatan ng Tao To the Spanish Nations My Country Men A Visit to Victoria Gaol Colonization of British North Borneo by Families from the Philippines Islands The Read Hand Constiution of La Liga Filipina

Chapter 21 Second Homecoming and the La Liga Filipina Life At noon of June 26, 1892. Rizal and his sister Lucia arrives in Manila. In the afternoon he went to Malacaang Palace to seek audience with the Spanish Governor General Eulogio Despojul, but he refused the Governor for his interview and the Governor told Rizal to come back at 8 oclock. On the following day Rizal visited his friend in Tarlac, Pampanga and Malolos. On Wednesday July 6, Rizal went to Malacaang Palace resume his series of interviews with the Governor General showed him some printed leaflets which were allegedly found Lucias pillow cases. Rizal denied that accusation but Rizal was placed under arrest and escorted to Fort Santiago by Ramen Despojul, nephew of the Governor General. On July 15, Rizal was brought under heavy guard to streamer Cebu Which was sailing to Dapitan, passing Mindoro, Panay and reaching Dapitan on Sunday, the 17th day of July at 7:00 n the evening. Rizal began his exile in lonely Dapitan which would last until July 31, 1896 a period of four years. Works Writings

 After visiting his friends, he had many interviews with Governor General Despujol, on June 29, June 30 and July 3. On the evening of Sunday July 3, 1892 following his morning interview with Governor General Despujol, Rizal attended a meeting of the Patriots at the home of Chinese Filipino Mestizo, Doroteo Ongjuneo. They founded the Liga Filipina, a civic league of Filipinos, which he establish and its role in the Socio-economic life of the people. Rizal discussed the aims of the La Liga Filipina and duties of Liga. Chapter 22 Exile in Dapitan, 1892-1896 Life Rizal was tediously unexciting; it was abundantly fruitful with varied achievements. Rizals winning in the Manila gallery reveals an aspect of his lighter side. He never drank hard liquor and never smoked, but he was a lottery addict. He had a long and scholarly debate with Father Pastells on religion. Rizal revealed his anticatholic ideas which he had acquired in Europe and embitterment of his persecution by the bad friars. Rizal could not be convinced by Pastells arguments so that he lived in Dapitan beyond the pale of his Mother Church. He was involved in a quarrel w/ a French acquaintance in Dapitan, Mr. Juan Lardet, businessman. He was lining peacefully and happily at his house in Works He practiced medicine, continued his artistic and letirary works, widened his knowledge of languages, established a school for boys, projects, invented a wooden machine for making bricks and engaged in farming and commerce. He always invested at least 3 pesetas every month in lottery tickets. He wrote a letter to Blumentritt from Paris on Jan. 20, 1890. Rizal is an expert in martial arts, particularly in fencing and pistol shooting. He built his house by the seashore of Talisay, surrounded by fruit trees. He applied his knowledge of engineering by constructing a system of waterworks in order to furnish clean water to the town people. He was a community project that was the first water system, lightning system and the Writings Estudios Sobre la Lengua Tagala (Studies on the Tagalog Language). I want to do all that I can do for this town Himno A Talisay (Hymn to Talisay) The Mothers Revenge Mi Retiro (My Retreat) Josephine, Josephine El Canto del Viajero ( The Song of the Traveler).

Talisay. Rizal attended to his daily chores, forgetting the incident of the previous night. Rizal as a teacher encouraged the students to play games in order to strengthen their bodies. Rizal as a farmer in Dapitan, devoted much of his time to agriculture. Rizal as a businessman engaged w/ his partner Ramon Carreon.

beautification of Dapitan. He discovered some rare specimens which were named in his honor by the scientist. He also conducted anthropological, ethnographical, archaeological , geological and geographical studies as revealed by his voluminous correspondence with his scientist friends in Europe/ He contributed his painting skill to the sisters of Charity who were preparing the sanctuary of the Holy Virgin in their private chapel. He modeled the right fact of the image, the apple and the serpents head. He also designed the exquisite curtain, which was painted in oil by an artist sister under his direction. He drew and made sketches of persons and things that attacked him in Dapitan. Chapter 23 Last Trip Abroad (1896)

Life Rizal has a pleasant trip from Dapitan to Manila, wth delightful stopovers in Dumagute, Cebu, Iloilo, Capiz, and Romblon. Rizal was fascinated by entrance to Cebu with the considered Beautiful at the house of the Atty. Matteos, he meet an old

Works Dumaguete spreads out on the beach. There are big houses, some with galvanized iron rooting outstanding are the house of a lady, whose name I have Forgotten which is occupied by the government and another one just begun with ma Ipil

Writings

couple whom he had known post. in Madrid. In Cebu, he wrote in his diary I Did Two Operations of Strabo tony, one operation on the ears and another of tumor. Chapter 24 Last Homecoming and Trials Life Day and day, Rizal conscientiously recorded the events in his diary. Rizals diary was taken away was critically scrutinized by authorities. Rizal was successfully rescued his friends in Singapore. Rizal was quietly transferred under heavy guard from the ship of Fort Santiago. Rizal was subjected to grueling days investigation. Rizals was accused of being a principal organizer and the living soul of Filipino insurrection, the founder of societies, periodicals and books, dedicated to formenting and propagating ideas of rebellion. Rizal was accustomed to spend his Christmas the company of his beloved family or dear friends found. Works Writings Rizal was keeping track Kundiman of the daily events of his A Talisay diary. Rizal chooses Lt. Louis Taviel de Andrade was his defended in Court. Rizal wrote a manifesto to his people appealing to them to stop the necessary shedding of blood and to achieve their liberties by means of education and industry.

 Chapter 25 Martyrdom of Bagumbayan Life After the court martial, Rizal returned to his cell in Fort Santiago to prepare his rendezvous w/ destiny. At 6:00 A.M. Dec. 29, 1896 Capt. Raphael Dominguez, who was designated by Gov. Gen. Camilo Polevieja to take charge in all arrangement for Rizal. At 7:00 A.M. Rizal was moved to the prison chapel. From 12:00 A.M. to 3:30 P.M. Rizal was left alone in his cell. Rizal took his lunch after w/c he was busy writing. At 5:30 A.M. he took breakfast and wrote the letter, the first addressed to his family and the second to his older brother Paciano. About 6:30 A.M. trumphet sounded at Fort Santiago a signal to begin the death march to Bagumbayan. Rizal was dressed elegantly. Works He was busy meeting visitors, including Jesuits priests, Josephine Bracken and members of his family. Rizal to be shot at the back by a firing squad at 7:00 A.M. in Bagumbayan (Luneta). Rizal spent his last moment. His first visitors were Father Miguel Saderra Mata and Father Luis Viza Jesuits. During this time when he finished his farewell poem and hides it inside his alcohol cooking stove w/c was given to him as a gift by Paz Pardo de Tavera. Rizal heard mass, confess his sins and took holy communion. Rizal turned his back to the firing squad and face the sea. A Spanish military physician Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo asked his permission to feel his pulse w/c was amazed to find normal showing Rizal was not afraid to die. Writings