TUTORIAL PROBLEMS ON REFRIGERATION AND HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS 1.

Refrigerant 22 enters the compressor of an ideal vapour compression refrigeration system as saturated vapor at 40C with a volumetric flow rate of 15 m3/min. The refrigerant leaves the condenser at 19C, 9 bar. Determine (a) the compressor power, in kW. (b) the refrigerating capacity, in tons. (c) the coefficient of performance.

2. A vapor-compression refrigeration system circulates Refrigerant 134a at a rate of 6 kg/min. The refrigerant enters the compressor at 10C, 1.4 bar, and exits at 7 bar. The isentropic compressor efficiency is 67%. There are no appreciable pressure drops as the refrigerant flows through the condenser and evaporator. The refrigerant leaves the condenser at 7 bar, 24C. Ignoring heat transfer between the compressor and its surroundings, determine (a) the coefficient of performance. (b) the refrigerating capacity, in tons.

3. If the minimum and maximum allowed refrigerant pressures are 1 and 10 bar, respectively, which of the following can be used as the working fluid in a vapor-compression refrigeration system that maintains a cold region at 0C, while discharging energy by heat transfer to the surrounding air at 30C: Refrigerant 22, Refrigerant 134a, ammonia, propane?

4. An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is modified to include a counterflow heat exchanger, as shown in following Figure Ammonia leaves the evaporator as saturated vapour at 1.0 bar and is heated at constant pressure to 5C before entering the compressor. Following isentropic compression to 18 bar, the refrigerant passes through the condenser, exiting at 40C, 18 bar. The liquid then passes through the heat exchanger, entering the expansion valve at 18 bar. If the mass flow rate of refrigerant is 12 kg/min, determine (a) the refrigeration capacity, in tons of refrigeration. (b) the compressor power input, in kW. (c) the coefficient of performance. Discuss possible advantages and disadvantages of this arrangement.

Fig for 4th problem

5. Air enters the compressor of an ideal Brayton refrigeration cycle at 100 kPa, 270 K. The compressor pressure ratio is 3, and the temperature at the turbine inlet is 310 K. Considering the isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine as 80 and 88% respectively, determine (a) the net work input, per unit mass of air flow, in kJ/kg. (b) the refrigeration capacity, per unit mass of air flow, in kJ/kg. (c) the coefficient of performance. (d) the coefficient of performance of a Carnot refrigeration cycle operating between thermal reservoirs at TC = 270 K and TH = 310 K, respectively. 6. The Brayton refrigeration cycle of previous problem is modified by the introduction of a regenerative heat exchanger. In the modified cycle, compressed air enters the regenerative heat exchanger at 310 K and is cooled to 280 K before entering the urbine. Determine, for the modified cycle, (a) the lowest temperature, in K. (b) the net work input per unit mass of air flow, in kJ/kg. (c) the refrigeration capacity, per unit mass of air flow, in kJ/kg. (d) the coefficient of performance.