8 Methods of Language Teaching 1. Grammar-translation Method 2. Direct Method 3. Audio-Lingual Method 4. The Silent Way 5. Suggestopedia 6.

Community Language Learning 7. Total Physical Response Method 8. The Communicative Approach

No comparative study has consistently proved the superiority of one method over another for all teachers, all students and all settings. How a method is manifested in the classroom will depend heavily on the individual teachers interpretation of its principles. Grammar Translation Method Reading passages and follow up questions are combined. Translating literary passages. Memorizing grammar rules. Memorizing native-language equivalents. The teacher controls every activity. Native language is used freely in the class. Direct Method No translation is allowed. Visual aids, realia, and pantomime are used to clarify meaning. Students speak a great deal in the target language. Students practice new words in sentences. Listening and speaking are emphasized. Grammar is learned inductively (generalizing from examples). The teacher is a facilitator. Audio-Lingual Method Based on behaviorism (imitation). Language Learning is the acquisition of a set of correct habits. The learners repeat patterns (over learn) until they are able to produce them spontaneously. Communicative method. Dialogues; emphasize everyday speech. Emphasizes listening and speaking skills. Native language is not used. Gattengos Silent Way The learners are responsible for their own learning. (facilitated self-learning). Teaching must be subordinated to learning and thus the students are supposed to develop their own inner criteria for correctness (Language portfolio). All four skills are taught from the beginning. Cuisenaire rods. No translations, but the native language is allowed to be used. Suggestopaedia Lozanovs Method Help the students eliminate psychological barriers to learning. A great emphasis is put on the students feelings. Learning has two phases: relaxed perception of the target language (music); activation phase (playful learning: dramatization, games, songs, question-answer sessions). Accelerated learning by tapping mental powers. The teacher desuggests negative feelings and limits to learning. Learners learn in a relaxed way and choose a new identity and occupation in the target language. Dialogues, translations and notes in their native language are used. Later translation is used when unavoidable. Community Language Learning Currens Method Based on students collaboration. The syllabus is learner generated (the students choose what they want to learn.) Students are seen holistically (intellect & feelings). The students become independent through 5 specified stages. Listening and speaking are emphasized. Native language is used to enhance the feeling of security. Target language is used progressively. Total Physical Response Ashers Method Listening comprehension is emphasized. The students have to react to verbal commands. Later the students become the ones who give commands to each other and to the teacher too. Playful method, using humorous situational games. Communicative method. It was developed to reduce the stress connected with language learning. Communicative Method It stresses the need to teach communicative competence as opposed to linguistic competence. Functions are emphasized over forms.

Students work in groups actively negotiating meaning. Native language is not used.