2/3/2012

Production and Operations Management

Production System

Lesson 3

RESOURCES

Types of Production Systems

INPUTS

PROCESS

OUTPUT

Amit Agrawal GLA University, Mathura

3 February 2012 Course by Amit Agrawal 2

Types of Production System

Types of Production or Production System

Continuous or Flow Production

Manufacturing of large quantities Of a single or very few varieties of products

Continuous or Flow Production

Intermittent Production

Job Production

Batch Production

With standard (same) set of processes and sequences. Example: Steel Refineries etc. Plants, Automobiles,

3 February 2012

Course by Amit Agrawal

3 February 2012

Course by Amit Agrawal

Continuous or Flow Production Features

Large Volume in anticipation of demand Standardized design, process and sequence Automatic Machines for each purpose Machine capacities are balanced to enhance productivity Automatic material handling equipment is used because of fixed path.
3 February 2012 Course by Amit Agrawal 5

Continuous or Flow Production Merits

Minimum Work-in-Progress inventory Almost nil waiting time Full automation can be used Minimum Cost of Material Handling Repetitive Process makes it easier
3 February 2012 Course by Amit Agrawal 6

2/3/2012

Continuous or Flow Production Demerits

Rigid (i.e. No Flexibility) Fault in one operation stop whole It is necessary to avoid collection of work at any stage Huge initial investment (in automation)
3 February 2012 Course by Amit Agrawal 7

Continuous or Flow Production Suitability

Standard Product Uniform Demand High Volume of Production Ready to bear huge initial investment
3 February 2012 Course by Amit Agrawal 8

Types of Production System

Types of Production or Production System

Intermittent Production
Basic Product Design changes from time to time Facilities are flexible enough produce wide variety of products to

Continuous or Flow Production

Intermittent Production

Job Production

Batch Production

According to Buffa Intermittent Production are those where the facilities must be flexible enough to handle a variety of products and sizes, or where the basic nature of activities imposes changes in inputs
3 February 2012 Course by Amit Agrawal 10

3 February 2012

Course by Amit Agrawal

Intermittent Production Features

Wide Variety of Products

Intermittent Production Two Types

Intermittent Production

Volume is small
Job Production Batch Production Ex. Medicines, Apparels

Flow of Production is not continuous General Purpose machines are used No single sequence changed periodically
3 February 2012

Ex. Furniture, Machinery etc.

of

operations,
11 3 February 2012 Course by Amit Agrawal 12

Course by Amit Agrawal

2/3/2012

Job Production
Manufacturing of single complete unit With the use of group of operations As per the customers order Each job is different from other Example: Furniture, Machinery etc.
3 February 2012 Course by Amit Agrawal 13

Job Production Features

Special Order Type Product is custom-made or non-standard Small Volume (often single unit) Wide range of general purpose machine are used
3 February 2012 Course by Amit Agrawal 14

Job Production Merits & Demerits

Merits:
Small investment in machinery Flexible Fault of one operation do not effect the others

Batch Production
Manufacturing is done in small or large batches At an interval By a series of Operations Each batch contain identical items Each batch is different from other batch Example: Pharmaceuticals, Apparels

Demerits
Inefficient utilization of Machines Speed of work is slow
Course by Amit Agrawal 15

3 February 2012

3 February 2012

Course by Amit Agrawal

16

Batch Production Features

Large variety of products in lots or batches Machinery and equipments are arranged as per sequence, changed as per batches Both general purpose and special purpose machines are used Can be said as a combination of flow and intermittent production
3 February 2012 Course by Amit Agrawal 17

Batch Production Merits & Demerits

Merits: Some degree of specialization is possible Capital investment is low Sequence need to be changed periodically

Demerits Generally, next operation starts previous operation get finished Leads to delays
Course by Amit Agrawal

when

3 February 2012

18