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National Junior College Mathematics Department 2010
2010 / SH1 / H2 Maths / Integration and its Applications (Tutorial 3) Applications 1

National Junior College (Suggested Solutions)
2010 H2 Mathematics (Senior High 1)
Integration and its Applications (Tutorial 3) Applications

Basic Mastery Questions

1(a)
[ ] ( ) ( )
sin d cos cos cos 0 x x x
= = =

1(b) Area of region =
[ ] ( )
0
0
sin d cos cos cos 0 2 x x x
= = =

1(c) Area of region =
[ ] ( )
0
0
sin d cos cos 0 cos 2 2 x x x
= = = =

It is the same answer as in 1(b).

1(d) Area of region required = 4
The answer in 1(a) is zero since the definite integral is negative when curve is below
the x-axis and is of equal magnitude as that when curve is above the x-axis. Hence,
the two answers cancel out. When finding the area, we are interested in only the
magnitude.

2

(i) Volume obtained when rotated about the x-axis

( )( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 4 2
0 0
2
5 3
0
5 2 1 d 50 2 1 d
2 8
2 32 544
50 50 2
5 3 5 3 15
x x x x x
x x
x

= + = + +
( (
= + + = + + =
( (

(ii) Volume obtained when rotated about the y-axis

( ) ( )
5
2
5 5
2
1 1
1
2 2
d 1 d
2
5 1
5 1 8
2 2
y
x y y y y

(
= = =
(

(
| |
( | = =
|
(
\

R
2
1 y x = +
5 y =


Tutorial Questions

1.

( ) 4 y x x = -- Eqn (1)
4
1 y
x
= -- Eqn (2)

At P(1, 3) LHS of (1) = 3 ; RHS of (1) = 4 1 = 3
LHS of (2) = 3 ; RHS of (2) = 4 1 = 3

At Q(4, 0) LHS of (1) = 0 ; RHS of (1) = 4(4 4) = 0
LHS of (2) = 0 ; RHS of (2) = 1 1 = 0

Since both the points have coordinates that satisfy both equations, they are 2 points of
intersections between the 2 curves.

Area required =
( )
4 8
2 2
2 4
4 4
4 1 d 1 4 d x x x x x x
x x
| |
+ + +
|
\

=
4 8
2 2
2 4
4 4
4 1 d 1 4 d x x x x x x
x x
+ + +

=
4 8
3 3
2 2
2 4
2 4ln 4ln 2
3 3
x x
x x x x x x
( (
+ + +
( (

=
2
56
3

2.

R


Area of region R =
[ ]
3
3
2
2
2
2
3 3
1 sin d cos cos cos
2 2 2 2
x x x x

+ = = + =

Volume obtained = ( )
3 3
2 2
2 2
2
2
1 sin d 1 2sin sin d x x x x x

+ = + +

= ( )
3 3
2 2
2 2
1 3 1
1 2sin 1 cos 2 d 2sin cos 2 d
2 2 2
x x x x x x

+ + = +

=
3
2
2
2
3 1 9 3 3
2cos sin 2
2 4 4 4 2
x x x

( (
= =
( (

3.

(i) Volume obtained = ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
2
2
0
1 1 1 d x x

=
1
2 4
0
1 2 d x x x +

=
1
3 5
0
2
3 5
x x
x
(
+
(

=
2 1 7
1
3 5 15

(
+ =
(

(ii) Volume obtained = ( ) ( )
1 1
1
2
0 0
1 1 d 1 d y y y y =

=
1
2
0
1
1
2 2 2
y
y

(
(
= =
(
(

(iii) ( )
1
2 2 2
1 1 1 y x x y x y = = = (x > 0)

Translating the curve to the left by one unit, we replace x with (x + 1), and we get

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
1
2
2
2
2
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2 1 1
2 2 1
x y x y
x y y y
x y y
+ = = +
(
= + = +

=


Volume obtained = ( )
( )
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
0
2
0
2 1
2 2 1 d 2
2
y
y
y y y y
(
( = +
(

=
1 4
2
2 3 6
( | |
=
| (
\

4.

( )
2
d
3 4 2 3 4
d
x
x t t t
t
= + = + ;
3 2
d
2 8 6 8
d
y
y t t t
t
= =
( )( )
2 2
3 2 3 2
d 6 8 3 4
3 2
d 2 3 4 3 2 3 2
t t
y t t
t
x t t t
+

= = = =
+ + +
(Shown)

For curve to lie below x-axis, we need y < 0. ie.

( )
( )( )
3
2
2 8 0
4 0
2 2 0
t t
t t
t t t
<
<
+ <

2 t < (N.A.) or 0 2 t < <

Area required =
( )( )
2 2
3 4 3 2
0 0
2 8 2 3 4 d 4 3 8 16 3 32 d t t t t t t t t t + = +

=
2
5 3
4 2
0
4 3 16 3
2 16
5 3
t t
t t
(
+
(

=
( )
( )
( )
( )
5 3
4 2
4 3 2 16 3 2
2 2 16 2
5 3
+
=
256 3 256 3 8 3
32 32 32 1
15 15 15
| |
= + = +
|
|
\
(Shown)

0 t =
2 t =
2 0 2

5.

When y = 1,
1
1 1 0.5
x
x x x
x
= = =
When x = 2,
1 2
0.5
2
y

= =
(a) Area required =
2 2 2
0.5 0.5 0.5
1 1
1 1 d 2 d 2 ln x x x x
x x
| |
( = =
|
\

= ( )
1 1
2 2 ln 2 2 ln 4 ln 2 1 ln 2 3 2ln 2
2 2
| | | |
= =
| |
\ \

(b)
1 1
1
1
x
y xy x x
x y
= + = =
+

Translating the curve to the left by 2 units, we replace x with (x + 2), and we get

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2 2 2
2
2 2
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
2 2
1 1 1 1
4 1
1 2 1 4 4 1
1
1 1 1
1 4 1 4
4
1 1
1 1
y y
x x
y y y y
y y
y y y
x
y
y y y
y
x
y y
y y

+ = = = =
+ + + +
+ | | + +
= = = +
|
+
+ + + \
= + = +
+ +
+ +

Volume obtained =
( )
1
1
2
0
0.5
1 4 1
4 d 4 4ln 1
1 1
1
y y y
y y
y

(
+ = + +
(
+ +
+

=
1
2
1 1 1 1
4 4ln 2 4 4ln
2 2 2
( | |
| |
+ +
( | |
\ (
\

= ( )
15
8ln 2 15 16ln 2
2 2
(
=
(

R
1 y =
1
1 y
x
=
2 x =

6.

Area of shaded rectangle = ( )
1 1
1
n n
=
Area under the curve =
( )
1
2
1
2
1
1 1
2
1
1
d d 2 1
n
n n
n n
n
x
x x x n n
x
(
= = =
(
(

Clearly, the rectangle has underestimated the area of the curve.
Hence, we have
( )
1
2 1 n n
n
< . (Shown)

n ( )
1
2 1 n n
n
<
1 ( ) 1 2 1 0 <
2 ( )
1
2 2 1
2
<
3 ( )
1
2 3 2
3
<
4 ( )
1
2 4 3
4
<
: :
n ( )
1
2 1 n n
n
<

Summing both sides, we get
1 1 1
1 2
2 3
n
n
+ + + + < (deduced).
Consider

y
x
n
1 n +
1
y
x
=
y
x
1 n n
1
y
x
=

Area of shaded rectangle = ( )
1 1
1
n n
=
Area under the curve =
( )
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
d 2 1
n
n
n
n
x
x n n
x
+
+ (
= = +
(
(

Clearly, the rectangle has over-estimated the area of the curve.
Hence, we have
( )
1
2 1 n n
n
> + . (Shown)

n ( )
1
2 1 n n
n
> +
1
( )
1 2 2 1 >
2 ( )
1
2 3 2
2
>
3 ( )
1
2 4 3
3
>
4 ( )
1
2 5 4
4
>
: :
n ( )
1
2 1 n n
n
> +

Summing both sides, we get
1 1 1
1 2 1 2
2 3
n
n
+ + + + > + (deduced).


7.

When
1
4
t = ,
5
2
x = and 2 y = ; When
3
4
t = ,
7
2
x = and
2
3
y =
When y = 0,
1
2
t = and x = 3 ;
d
2 2 2
d
x
x t
t
= + =

Area enclosed
3 1
2 4
1 1
4 2
1 1
2 2 d 2 2 d t t
t t
| | | |
= +
| |
\ \

[ ] [ ]
3 1
2 4
1 1
4 2
3 1
2 4
1 1
4 2
2 2
4 d 4 d
2ln 4 2ln 4 , > 0
1 1 3 1
2ln 2 2ln 1 2ln 3 2ln 2
2 4 4 2
2ln 2 2 4ln 2 1 2ln3 4ln 2 3 2ln 2 2
3
2ln 2 1 2ln3 2ln 2 1 2ln 2 1 2ln 1
2
3
2ln 2 1 2ln 1 2ln 2
2
t t
t t
t t t t t
= +
= +
| | | |
= +
| |
\ \
= + + + + +
= + = +
| |
= =
|
\

3 4
2ln 2ln
2 3
=

8.

Volume generated
5
2
2
5
1
tan d 8.61
1
x
x
| |
= =
|
+
\
(3 sig. fig.)
7
2
x =
5
2
x =
1
4
t =
3
4
t =
1
2
t =
5 x = 5 x =
R


9. Exact area of R
1 1
2 2
4
3 1
4
2 2
1
1
2
9 2 d 9 4
3
x x x x x
(
= + = +
(

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 1 3 1
2 2 2 2
2 2
9 4 4 4 1 4 1
3 3
16 2 1
9 8 4
3 3 3
(
| |
= + +
| (
\
| |
= + =
|
\

Equation of C when translated 3 units in the negative y-direction is
2
3 y x
x
= + .

Volume required

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
4
1
2
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
3 1 2
2 2
1
2
3 1
2 2
2
3 d
2 2
6 9 d
4 12
4 6 9 d
12 4
6 13 d
4 13 24 4ln
2
4
1
4 4 13 4 24 4 4ln 4 4 13 24 4ln1
2 2
8 32 52 48
x x
x
x x x
x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x x
x
x x x x
| |
= +
|
\
| | | |
= + + +
| |
\ \
= + + +
= + +
(
= + +
(

(
| |
= + + + + (
|
\ (

= + +
29
4ln 4
2
11
4ln 4
2
| |
+
|
\
| |
=
|
\

10(i)

y
x
y
b
x
0.5
R
y
2


10(ii)
1
2 1
2
2
1 1 1
d 2
b
b
x
V x
x x b
= = =
( | |
|
(
\

( )
( )
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1 1 1
d 2
2
1
2
2 1
b
b
y
V y b
y b
b
y
b

= +
=
=
| | | |
| |
\ \
(
+
(

Since
x y
V V = , we have
( )
2
1
2 2 1
2 3 1 0
1 1
1, (rejected since )
2 2

b
b
b b
b b
=
+ =
= >
| |
|
\

Therefore, 1 b = .

11.
(a)
2
2
d
2 3
x
x
x x + +

2 2
2 2
2 1
2 1
2 2 2
d
2 3 2 3
2 2 2
d
2 3 ( 1) 2
2 1
ln( 2 3) tan
2 2
1
ln( 2 3) 2 tan
2
x
x
x x x x
x
x
x x x
x
x x C
x
x x C
+
=
+ + + +
+
=
+ + + +
+
= + + +
+
= + + +

(b)(i) 2sin x =
d 2cos d x =

3
2
3
sin 3 sin 2
1
= = = =

x

6
2
1
sin 1 sin 2
1
= = = =

x

3
3 2 2
1
6
4 d 4 4sin 2cos d x x
=

3 2
6
2 1 sin 2cos d

3 2
6
4cos d

3
6
2(cos2 1) d
= +


[ ]
3
6
sin 2 2
= +

3 2 3
( ) ( )
2 3 2 3
= + +

3
=
(b)(ii)
3 3
2
1 1
3
Area 4 d d x x x
x
=

3
1
3ln
3
x
(
=

( 3 ln 3 0)
3
=

3 ln 3
3
=

(iii)
3
2
1
Volume d x y =

2
3
1
3
3
d
4.0 units
y
y
| |
=
|
|
\
=

Assignment Questions

1.

(i) Area of region A ( )( )
1
4
2
1
1
1 1 d
2
y y
= +

( )
1 1
2
2
4
1
1 1 1 5
2 2 4 2 2
2 2 2 2
y
( (
= + = + = + =

(ii) Volume generated ( ) ( )
4
2
1
1 1
1 1 d
3
y
y
= +

[ ] [ ]
4
1
1
ln ln 4 ln1 ln 4
3 3 3
y

| |
= + = + = +
|
\

4 y =
y x =
2
1
y
x
=
A
Intersection point between
curve
2
1
y
x
= and y x =
is (1, 1).

2
2
1 1
y x
x y
= =
1
x
y
= (since x > 0)

2.

When x = 0,
2 2
4 2 y a y a = =
When y = 0, ( ) 4 0 a a x x a = =

(i) Area of R ( )
( )
2 3
2 3
2
2
0
0
2
4
d 2
4 12 12 3
a
a a
y y
a y ay a a a
a a a
(
= = = =
(

(ii) ( ) ( )
2 2 3 3 3
0 0
4 d 4 2 4 2 2
a a
x
V a a x x a x ax a a a ( = = = =

( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2 4 3 5
2 2
2 2
2 2
0 0
0
3 5
2 3 3
2
d d
4 2 16 6 80
2 2
16 8 8
2 2
6 80 15 15 15
a
a a
y
x
y y y y y
V a y a y a y
a a a
a a
a a a a V
a

| | (
= = + = +
| (
\
(
= + = = = (
(

Volume of solid formed ( ) ( )
2
3 3 3
16 14
2 2
15 15
y
a a V a a a = = = .

3(i) Area of all n rectangles
1 2 3 1
0
1
2 2 2 2 2
n
n n n n
n
(
= + + + + +
(

( )
( )
1
1 1 1
1 2 1
1 1 1 1
2 1 2 1
2 1
n
n n
n
n
n n
n
( | |

|
(
| |
\
= = = (
|
\
(
(

(Shown)

3(ii) Area under curve
1
1
0
0
2 2 1 1
2 d
ln 2 ln 2 ln 2 ln 2
x
x
x
(
= = = =
(

Hence,
( )
( )
1
1
1 1
ln 2 2 1
ln 2
2 1
n
n
n
n
< <
R
( )
2
4 y a a x =
y
x
a
2a
S

4(i)

When y = 0, cos 0
2
= = . Hence, 1 2sin 1
2
x
| |
= + =
|
\
or 1 2sin 3
2
x

= + = .
When x = 0,
1
1 2sin 0 sin
2 6
+ = = = . Hence,
3
cos
6 2
y
| |
= =
|
\
.
When x = 2,
1
1 2sin 2 sin
2 6
+ = = = . Hence,
3
cos
6 2
y
| |
= =
|
\
.

4(ii) Area required ( )
6
6
cos 2cos d

6
6 6
6 6
6
2
1
2 cos d cos 2 1 d sin 2
2
1 1
sin 2 sin 2
2 6 6 2 6 6
3
sin
3 3 2 3
(
= = + = +
(

| | | | | | | |
= +
| | | |
\ \ \ \
= + = +

2 x =
1 3
3
2

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National Junior College Mathematics Department 2010

2010 / SH1 / H2 Maths / Integration and its Applications (Tutorial 3) Applications 1

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