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Ethnography is the study of people in naturally occurring settings or 'fields' which aims to understand another way of life from the native point of view Ethnography is a qualitative research procedures for describing, analyzing, and interpreting a culture-sharing groups shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language that develop over time
Sometimes called as interpretive qualitative studies, ethnographies are investigations of particular communities, such as a hospital or a classroom, conducted to obtain an emic perspective and a holistic view of the community being studied.
Ethnography for elt: parlin pardede (2012)
Traditional ethnography was carried out by anthropologists among non modern people in small scale and relatively isolated societies.
Ethnographic approaches were later developed and applied to modern societies and focussed on city areas, towns or villages.
They have also been developed to look at aspects of identity such as ethnicity or social position, in the workplace, educational and social settings, such as societies, clubs and classrooms. In a classroom ethnography is conducted by assuming that cultures are being constructed by the students and teachers interactions on a daily basis. Some of these cultures are invisible because they become ordinary and routine. Ethnography can be used to make them visible and allow a look at what students and teachers are doing and learning in classrooms.
ethnography for elt: parlin pardede (2012)
Peoples behavior is studied in everyday contexts, rather than under experimental conditions created by the researcher. Data are gathered from a range of sources, but observations and informal conversations are usually the main ones. The approach to data collection is unstructured (it does not involve following through a detailed plan set up at the beginning. The focus is usually a single setting or group of relatively small scale. The analysis of the data involves interpretation of the meanings and functions of human actions and mainly takes the form of verbal descriptions and explanations.
Ethnography for elt: parlin pardede (2012)
Field Notes
Data Collection
Interviews
Recordings / Other Artifacts
ethnography for elt: parlin pardede (2012)
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Proposal Outline
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background to the Study B. Reason for Choosing the Topic C. Statement of the Problem D. The site and/or unit of analysis General profiles E. Objectives of the Study F. Research Questions G. Significance of the Study H. Scope of the Study I. Definition of Terms
Ethnography for elt: parlin pardede (2012)
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research Method (i.e. ethnography) B. Data and Data Collection Procedure C. Research Population and Sample D. Research Setting E. Data Analysis Techniques F. Data Triangulation Techniques G. Research Procedure
REFERENCES
Burns. A. (2010). Doing action research in english language teaching: A guide for practitioners. New York: Routledge Crang, M. & Cook, I. (2007). Doing ethnographies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Creswell, J. W. 2008. Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. New Jersey: Pearson Fetterman, D. (2010). Ethnography: Step-by-step (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Genzuk, M. (2003). A synthesis of ethnographic research. Center for Multilingual, Multicultural Research Digital Papers Series. Center for Multilingual, Multicultural Research, University of Southern California. Retrieved June 21, 2007, from http://wwwrcf.usc.edu/~genzuk/Ethnographic_Research.html Hammersley, M. (1990). Reading ethnographic research: A critical guide. London: Longman. Hammersley, M & Atkinson, P. (2007). Ethnography: Principles in practice (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge McKay, S. L. (2006). Researching second language classrooms. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers