2-454

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

Diffusivities of Pairs of Gases and Vapors (1 atm) Dv in cm2/s Temp., C 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 25 500 0 0 450 0 30 0 25 0 0 0 0 15 45 90 0 15 0 126 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 38 15 0 0 25 500 Air 0.1064 .109 .0589 .072 .040 .0543 .058 .0419 .046 .0610 .075 .0421 .077 .0298 .066 .058 .0612 .0703 .088 .0727 .0821 .0853 .0468 .0705 .0457 .0529 .0424 .067 .0679 .050 .0513 .138 A H2 0.416 .361 .235 O2 N2 CO2 0.0716 .0422 N2O CH4 C2H6 C2H4 n-C4H10 i-C4H10 Ref. 8 6, 16 8 5 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 8 18 8, 15 8 8 8 8 8 5 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 13 8 8 8 19 1, 9 18 8 8 18 16, 17 5 6 10 8 8 8 10 3 6 3 8 3 8 3 8 20 7, 8 8 5 8 8 8 8 8 8 4, 8 8 8 8 8 19 3 8 8 2 18

TABLE 2-324 Substance Acetic acid Acetone n-Amyl alcohol sec-Amyl alcohol Amyl butyrate Amyl formate i-Amyl formate Amyl isobutyrate Amyl propionate Aniline Anthracene Argon Benzene Benzidine Benzyl chloride n-Butyl acetate i-Butyl acetate n-Butyl alcohol

.171 .1914

.0347

0.194 .306 0.0797 .0528

.2364 .2716 .2771 .185 .191 .203 .173 .264 .271 .17 .550 .139 .163 .9

.0425 .0476 .0483 .0327 .0364 .0366 .0308 .0476 .0471

i-Butyl alcohol Butyl amine i-Butyl amine i-Butyl butyrate i-Butyl formate i-Butyl isobutyrate i-Butyl proprionate i-Butyl valerate Butyric acid i-Butyric acid Cadmium Caproic acid i-Caproic acid Carbon dioxide

0.096 .0996*

0.153 .00215 0.116

Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chloropicrin m-Chlorotoluene o-Chlorotoluene p-Chlorotoluene Cyanogen chloride Cyclohexane n-Decane Diethylamine 2,3-Dimethyl butane Diphenyl n-Dodecane Ethane Ethanol Ether (diethyl) Ethyl acetate Ethyl alcohol Ethyl benzene Ethyl n-butyrate Ethyl i-butyrate Ethylene Ethyl formate Ethyl propionate Ethyl valerate Eugenol Formic acid Helium n-Heptane n-Hexane Hexyl alcohol Hydrogen

.0892

.369 .651 .293

.185 1.0 0.0636

.063 .137

.075 .091 .088 .054 .059 .051 .111 0.0719 .086 .306 .0884 .0657 .0610 .308 .459 .377 .298 .273 .375 .224 .229 .486 .337 .236 .205 .510 .641 .705 .066 .0663 .0499 .611 .290 .200 .0753 .697 4.2 .0757 .674 .0351 .550 .646 .535 .625 0.459 .537 0.486 .726 0.272 0.277 .0813 .0686 .0546 .0487 .0685 .0407 .0413 .0573 .0450 .0367 .0874 .301 .0753 .0751 .0841 .319 .0744 .0760

.0778 .0715 .089 .102 .0658 .0579 .0591 .0840 .068 .0512 .0377 .1308

TRANSPORT PROPERTIES
TABLE 2-324 Substance Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen peroxide Iodine Mercury Mesitylene Methane Methyl acetate Methyl alcohol Methyl butyrate Methyl i-butyrate Methyl cyclopentane Methyl formate Methyl propionate Methyl valerate Naphthalene Nitrogen Nitrous oxide n-Octane Oxygen Phosgene Propionic acid Propyl acetate n-Propyl alcohol i-Propyl alcohol n-Propyl benzene i-Propyl benzene n-Propyl bromide i-Propyl bromide Propyl butyrate Propyl formate n-Propyl iodide i-Propyl iodide n-Propyl isobutyrate i-Propyl isobutyrate Propyl propionate Propyl valerate Safrol i-Safrol Sulfur hexafluoride Toluene Trimethyl carbinol 2,2,4-Trimethyl pentane 2,2,3-Trimethyl heptane n-Valeric acid i-Valeric acid Water Diffusivities of Pairs of Gases and Vapors (1 atm) (Concluded) Dv in cm2/s Temp., C 0 60 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 30 0 30 90 0 0 0 450 0.050 0.0544 0.220 Air 0.173 .188 .07 .112 .056 .084 .132 .0633 .0639 0.0731 .0872 .0735 0.0569 .0513 A H2 O2 N2 CO2 N2O CH4 C2H6 C2H4 n-C4H10 i-C4H10

2-455

Ref. 10 11 8, 12, 14 8, 12, 13 8 18 8 8 8 8 3 8 8 8 8 8 2 8 8 3 8 10 8 8 8 8 5 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 2 4, 8 5 8 3 3 8 8 8, 20 18

0.53 1.1 .333 .506 .242 .257 .318 .295 0.181 0.535

0.070 .13 0.0567 .0879 .0446 .0451 0.0742 0.0758 .0528

0.165 .096 0.0705 0.0710 0.181 .139 .0588 .0577

0.148

0.163

0.0960

0.0908

.0505 0.0642 .178 .095 .0829 .067 .085 .0818 .101 .0481 .0489 .085 .0902 .0530 .0712 .079 .0802 .0549 .059 .057 .0466 .0434 .0455 .076 .088 .087 0.071 .271 .697 .330 .315

.206 .281 .212 .212 .189 .418

.0364 .0490 .0388 .0395 .0341

0.0618

.288 .270 .212 .75

0.0688

0.0705 0.0684 .0376 .138

1.3

*320 mmHg. 40 atm. Also at other temperatures. Strong function of concentration. References 1 Amdur, Irvine, Mason, and Ross, J. Chem. Phys., 20, 436 (1952). 2 Boyd, Stein, Steingrimsson, and Rumpel, J. Chem. Phys., 19, 548 (1951). 3 Cummings and Ubbelohde, J. Chem. Soc. (London), 1953, p. 3751. 4 Fairbanks and Wilke, Ind. Eng. Chem., 42, 471 (1950). 5 Gilliland, Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, 681 (1934). 6 Gorynnova and Kuvskinskii, Zhur. Tekh. Fiz., 18, 1421 (1948). 7 Hansen, Dissertation, Jena, 1907. 8 International Critical Tables, vol. 5, p. 62. 9 Jeffries and Drickamer, J. Chem. Phys., 22, 436 (1954). 10 Klotz and Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 69, 2557 (1947). 11 McMurtrie and Keyes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 70, 3755 (1948). 12 Mullaly and Jacques, Phil. Mag., 48, 6, 1105 (1924). 13 Spier, Physica, 6 (1939): 453; 7, 381 (1940). 14 Topley and Whytlaw-Gray, Phil. Mag., 4, 873 (1927). 15 Trautz and Ludwig, Ann. Physik, 5, 5, 887 (1930). 16 Trautz and Muller, Ann. Physik, 22, 353 (1935). 17 Trautz and Ries, Ann. Physik, 8, 163 (1931). 18 Walker and Westenberg, J. Chem. Phys., 32, 136 (1960). 19 Westenberg and Walker, J. Chem. Phys., 26, 1753 (1957). 20 Winkelmann, Wied. Ann., 22, 152 (1884); 23, 203 (1884); 26, 105 (1885); 33, 445 (1888); 36, 92 (1889).

2-456

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA McGraw-Hill, New York, 1964; and Bretsznajder, Prediction of Transport and Other Physical Properties of Fluids, Pergamon, New York, 1971, may be found useful. The most exhaustive recent compilation for gases is by Mason and Marrero, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1 (1972). Unfortunately, the Mason and Marrero work cites only equations and equation constants and not direct tabulations. For these, the LandoltBrnstein series is suggested.

In this table are a representative selection of diffusion coefficients. The subsection Prediction and Correlation of Physical Properties should be consulted for estimation techniques. As general references, the works by Hirschfelder, Curtiss, and Bird, Molecular Theory of Gases and Liquids, Wiley, New York, 1964; Chapman and Cowling, The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases, Cambridge, New York, 1970; Reid and Sherwood, The Properties of Gases and Liquids,
TABLE 2-325 Diffusivities in Liquids (25 C)

Dilute solutions and 1 atm unless otherwise noted; use DL/T = constant to estimate effect of temperature; * indicates that reference gives effect of concentration. DL 105, sq cm/sec 1.25 0.68 1.19 3.31 2.11 1.49 0.13 2.26 1.24 1.66 1.78, 2.11 1.06 1.19 1.7, 2.0, 2.3 0.87 1.0 1.53 1.72 2.49 1.40 2.47 0.96 0.86 2.62 1.38 0.91 0.043 1.49 2.7 4.1 1.3 2.30 2.90 0.53 1.08 3.62 2.20 0.94 0.96 0.63 4.0 1.96 3.57 2.42 3.00 3.63 3.0 3.5 3.10 2.06 2.04 1.49 0.776 1.02 1.50 3.17 0.961 2.30 2.57 0.735 0.68 0.77 Estimated possible, error, %1 5 5 3

Solute Acetal* Acetamide* Acetamide* Acetic acid Acetic acid Acetic acid Acetic acid Acetic acid Acetic acid* Acetonitrile Acetylene Allyl alcohol* Allyl alcohol Ammonia* i-Amyl alcohol* i-Amyl alcohol Benzene Benzene (50 mole %) Benzene (50 mole %) Benzene (50 mole %) Benzene (50 mole %) Benzene (50 mole %) Benzene (50 mole %) Benzoic acid Benzoic acid Benzoic acid Benzoic acid Benzoic acid Bromine Bromine Bromine Bromobenzene Bromoform* Bromoform Bromoform Bromoform* Bromoform Bromoform n-Butanol Caffeine Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide (50 mole %, 200 atm.) Carbon disulfide (50 mole %, 200 atm.) Carbon disulfide (50 mole %, 218 atm.) Carbon disulfide (50 mole %, 200 atm.) Carbon disulfide (50 mole %, 100 atm.) Carbon disulfide (50 mole %, 50 atm.) Carbon disulfide (50 mole %, 200 atm.) Carbon disulfide (50 mole %) Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride* Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride* Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride Chloral* Chloral hydrate

Solvent Ethanol Ethanol Water Acetone Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Ethylene glycol Toluene Water Water Water Ethanol Water Water Ethanol Water Carbon tetrachloride n-Decane 2,4-Dimethyl pentane n-Dodecane n-Heptane n-Hexadecane n-Octadecane Acetone Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Ethylene glycol Toluene Benzene Carbon disulfide Water Benzene Acetone i-Amyl alcohol Ethanol Ethyl ether Methanol n-Propanol Water Water Ethanol Water n-Butanol i-Butanol Chlorobenzene 2,4-Dimethyl pentane n-Heptane Methyl cyclohexane n-Octane Toluene Benzene Cyclohexane Decalin Dioxane Ethanol n-Heptane Kerosene Methanol i-Octane Tetralin Ethanol Water

Ref. 11 11 11 4 1, 4 4 4 4 11 11 1, 24 11 11 1, 11 11 11, 25 7 26 26 26 26 26 26 4 4 4 4 4 11 11 11 25 11 11 11 11 23 11 1, 11, 18, 25 11 11 1, 3, 5, 20, 24, 28 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 7, 9 9, 10* 9 9 9, 10* 9 9 9 9 9 11 11

3 5 5 6 5 8

5 6 6 1

3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 7

TRANSPORT PROPERTIES
TABLE 2-325 Diffusivities in Liquids (25 C) (Continued)

2-457

Dilute solutions and 1 atm unless otherwise noted; use DL /T = constant to estimate effect of temperature; * indicates that reference gives effect of concentration. DL 105, sq cm/sec 1.44 2.66 2.50 1.38 2.41 1.12 0.76 2.41 1.0 1.18 2.73 0.85 1.44 0.88 1.28 0.94 2.8 3.77 2.28 1.89 0.094 2.65 1.37 0.69 0.12 0.56 0.94 1.58 1.00 0.92 1.29 0.67 3.10 5.85 (4.4) 1.61 0.53 0.88, 1.12 1.13 1.25 1.98 1.25 3.2 1.45 2.30 1.80 1.07 1.30 2.2 3.61 0.93 3.4, 2.5 4.15 1.49 1.74 2.1 2.76 2.0 0.96 2.1 1.82 1.09 0.49 0.48 0.65 1.6 0.60 2.98 1.00 1.9 1.8 1.61 Estimated possible, error, %1 4 6 3

Solute Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chloroform Cinnamic acid Cinnamic acid Cinnamic acid Cinnamic acid 1,1-Dichloropropanol Dicyanodiamide* Diethyl ether Diethyl ether 2,4-Dimethyl pentane (50 mole %) 2,4-Dimethyl pentane (50 mole %) Ethanol* Ethyl acetate Ethylene dichloride Formic acid Formic acid Formic acid Formic acid Formic acid Formic acid Glucose Glycerol Glycerol Glycerol* n-Heptane (50 mole %) n-Heptane (50 mole %) n-Heptane (50 mole %) n-Heptane (50 mole %) Hexamethylene tetramine Hydrogen chloride* Hydrogen Hydrogen sulfide Hydroquinone* Hydroquinone* Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine* Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodine Iodobenzene Lactose* Maltose* Mannitol* Methanol Nicotine* Nitric acid* Nitrobenzene Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Oxalic acid*

Solvent Water Benzene Benzene Ethanol Acetone Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Toluene Water Water Benzene Water n-Dodecane n-Hexadecane Water Ethyl benzoate Benzene Acetone Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Ethylene glycol Toluene Water Water i-Amyl alcohol Ethanol Water n-Dodecane n-Hexadecane n-Octadecane n-Tetradecane Water Water Water Water Ethanol Water Acetic acid Anisole Benzene Bromobenzene Carbon disulfide Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Cyclohexane Dioxane Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl ether Ethylene bromide n-Heptane n-Hexane Mesitylene Methanol Methyl cyclohexane n-Octane Tetrabromoethane n-Tetradecane Toluene m-Xylene Ethanol Water Water Water Water Water Water Carbon tetrachloride Water Water Water

Ref. 1, 28 25 1, 25 11 4 4 4 4 11 11 25 2 26 26 1, 7, 9,* 11,* 22 6 1, 25 4 4 4 4 11 11 11 11 1, 11* 26 26 26 26 11 4, 11,* 12* 1, 11, 24(?) 1 11 2, 11* 11 11 9, 19, 23 4, 11, 19 11, 19, 23 9, 11, 19 11, 23 4 9 4, 11* 11, 19 11 11 9, 11, 19 4, 9 9 19 4 4 11 4 11 9, 11 11 11 11 11 1, 7, 11 11 11 7 1, 24 1, 11 11

6 4

10 6 6

3 5

10 8 3

3 5 5 5 8 2

2-458

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

TABLE 2-325 Diffusivities in Liquids (25 C) (Concluded)

Dilute solutions and 1 atm unless otherwise noted; use DL /T = constant to estimate effect of temperature; * indicates that reference gives effect of concentration. DL 105, sq cm/sec 0.24 0.25 2.5 0.77 0.2 1.68 3.7 2.0 0.89 3.9 1.1 1.24 0.76 0.74 0.41 0.46 0.87 0.49 0.65 0.94 0.56 1.7 1.97 0.80 0.61 2.09 1.38 3.72 4.21 1.02 0.73 1.37 1.06 0.021 20 4 Estimated possible, error, %1 13 13 1, 3, 15, 21, 24 11 11 1 11 11 11 11 1, 7, 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 2, 27 15, 17 11 11 11 4 4 4 4 4 11 8, 11 11, 25 16

Solute Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen Pentaerythritol* Phenol Phenol Phenol Phenol Phenol Phenol n-Propanol Pyridine* Pyridine Pyrogallol Raffinose* Resorcinol* Resorcinol* Saccharose* Stearic acid* Succinic acid* Sucrose Sulfur dioxide Sulfuric acid* Tartaric acid* 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane Toluene Toluene Toluene Toluene Toluene Urea Urea Urethane Water

Solvent Glycerol*-water (106 poise) Sucrose*-water (125 poise) Water Water i-Amyl alcohol Benzene Carbon disulfide Chloroform Ethanol Ethyl ether Water Ethanol Water Water Water Ethanol Water Water Ethanol Water Water Water Water Water 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane n-Decane n-Dodecane n-Heptane n-Hexane n-Tetradecane Ethanol Water Water Glycerol

Ref.

3 7 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 3 10 4

References 1 Arnold, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 52, 3937 (1930). 2 Calvet, J. Chim. Phys., 44, 47 (1947). 3 Carlson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 33, 1027 (1911). 4 Chang and Wilke, J. Phys. Chem., 59, 592 (1955). 5 Davidson and Cullen, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 35, 51 (1957). 6 Dummer, Z. Anorg. Chem., 109, 31 (1949). 7 Gerlach, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), 10, 437 (1931). 8 Gosting and Akeley, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 74, 2058 (1952). 9 Hammond and Stokes, Trans. Faraday Soc., 49, 890 (1953); 49, 886 (1953). 10 Hammond and Stokes, Trans. Faraday Soc., 52, 781 (1956). 11 International Critical Tables, vol. 5, p. 63. 12 James, Hollingshead, and Gordon, J. Chem. Phys., 7, 89 (1939); 7, 836 (1939). 13 Jordon, Ackermann, and Berger, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 78, 2979 (1956). 14 Koeller and Drickamer, J. Chem. Phys., 21, 575 (1953). 15 Kolthoff and Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 63, 1013 (1941).