2010 KPTrumble

MSE 230
1. (a) Y =

HW4 Solutions 02/05

Spring 2010

TA CRSS 0.78 MPa ; = = 45 ; Y = = 1.56 MPa 1 1 cos cos SD1 SPN 2 2 Since slip directions (SD) always lie in the slip plane, all possible SD SD3 are perpendicular to SPN. SD2 (b) SD2 and SD3 are 60 from SD1 in the SP, equally less preferred than SD1 because they have larger , making cos smaller, cos cos smaller, and thus y larger compared to SD1. 2. SD=[011] TA=[001] [111] 1 10 or 1 1 0 SPN=[111] a0 3a 0 2a0 1 0 +1 0 +11 1 -1 = Graphically: = 45; = cos (1/3) = 54.7 or by vector analysis: cos = 3 1 3 CRSS = Y cos cos = (6.8 MPa) cos 45 cos 54.7 = 2.8 MPa

( ) ( )

3. Fig. 7.19 shows YS, UTS and %EL versus %CW for 1040 steel, brass, and copper. For the spec., YS > 310 MPa: 1040 meets spec in annealed condition; Brass requires >15% CW; Copper requires >38% CW and Ductility > 25% EL: 1040 meets spec in annealed condition (27%EL); Brass: ~34%EL @ 15% CW-meets spec.; Copper: ~7% EL @ 38%CW--can't meet spec.
Answer: Candidates are 1040 steel and Brass, but not the copper. The steel can be cold-worked slightly (~1%) and still meet the minimum ductility, with corresponding maximum YS ~ 460 MPa. The brass can be cold-worked up to ~18% and still meet the minimum ductility, with corresponding maximum YS ~ 340 MPa. Steel offers higher YS for the same ductility and is less expensive. Unless corrosion or appearance (color) are considerations, steel is probably the best choice.

2010 KPTrumble
2 2 d Ann dCW 12 0.752 100% = 100% = 44% 2 d Ann 12 From Fig. 7.19, for 1040 steel @ 44% CW: Y=770 MPa; UTS=890 MPa; % EL=6%. (b) Y=700 MPa requires 12% CW (from the annealed condition), giving ductility = 15% EL.

4. (a) %CW =

%CW =

2 2 d Ann dCW %CW 12 2 2 100%; dCW = d Ann 1 = (0.75 cm) 1 = 0.70 cm 2 100 100 d Ann
-1/2 -1/2

5. (a) From Fig. 7.15, d=100 m (0.1 mm) gives d =3.16 mm for a yield strength of 59 MPa. Reading other values from the plot: -1/2 d d (mm) YS (MPa) 4 0.062 76 8 0.016 127 12 0.007 177 -1/2 -1/2 The data (plot) goes down to about d =14.2 mm , corresponding to d=5 m and we have to go down to 1 m. -1/2 Extrapolating using the slope of the line = 12.75 MPa/(d (mm)) gives the following: 16 0.004 229 20 0.0025 280 24 0.0017 331 28 0.0013 382 32 0.0010 433 Note that the yield strength increase per unit decrease in grain size increases strongly with decreasing grain size.

(b) The yield strength increases from ~90 MPa to ~180 MPa for a grain size decrease from 50 m to 5 m. (c) The annealed brass has a yield strength of ~180 MPa, corresponding to a grain size of ~5 m from part (a). (d) From Fig. 7.19: Strengthening Effect (1) Alloying Cu to make brass (2) Cold-work 20% (3) Alloying + Cold-work

Yield Strength (MPa) 180 - 155 = 25 250 - 155 = 95 345 - 155 = 190

% increase of YS 25/155 = 16% 95/155 = 61% 190/155 = 122%