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Monarchy of Ireland
A monarchical polity has existed in Ireland during three periods of its history, finally ending in 1801. The designation King of Ireland (Irish: R na hireann) and Queen (regnant) of Ireland was used during these periods. Since 1949, the only part of Ireland that retains a monarchical system (as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is Northern Ireland.
Monarchy of Ireland High-Kings of Ireland 846-1198 Mael Sechnaill mac Maele Ruanaid, 846-860 Aed Findliath, 861-876 Flann Sinna, 877-914 Niall Glundub, 915-917 Donnchad Donn, 918-942 Congalach Cnogba, 943-954 Domnall ua Neill, 955-978 Mael Sechnaill mac Domnaill, 979-1002; 10141022 Brian Boruma, 10021014 Donnchad mac Briain, died 1064 Diarmait mac Mail na mBo, died 1072 Toirdelbach Ua Briain, died 1086 Muirchertach Ua Briain, died 1119 Domnall Ua Lochlainn, died 1121 Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair, died 1156 Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, died 1166
Ruaidri Ua Conchobair, died 1198 Ruaidhri, King of Ireland Upon the death of Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn in early 1166, Ruaidhri, King of Connacht, proceeded to Dublin where he was inaugurated King of Ireland without opposition. He was arguably the first undisputed full king of Ireland. He was also the only Gaelic one, as the events of the Norman invasion of 11691171 brought about the destruction of the high-kingship, and the direct involvement of the Kings of England in Irish politics. One of Ruaidri's first acts as king was the conquest of Leinster, which resulted in the exile of its king, Dermot MacMurrough. Ruaidri then obtained terms and hostages from all the notable kings and lords. He then celebrated the Oneach Tailtann, a recognised prerogative of the High Kings, and made a number of notable charitable gifts and donations. However, his caput remained in his home territory in central Connacht (County Galway). Ireland's recognised capital, Dublin, was ruled by Hasculf Thorgillsson, who had submitted to Ruaidri. Only with the arrival of MacMurrough's Anglo-Norman allies in May 1169 did Ruaidri's position begin to weaken. A series of disastrous defeats and ill-judged treaties lost him much of Leinster, and encouraged uprisings by rebel lords. By the time of the arrival of Henry II in 1171, Ruaidri's position as king of Ireland was increasingly untenable. Ruaidri at first remained aloof from engagement with King Henry, though many of the lesser kings and lords welcomed his arrival as they wished to see him curb the territorial gains made by his vassals. Through the intercession of Archbishop Lorcn Ua Tuathail (Lawrence O'Toole), Ruaidri and Henry came to terms with the Treaty of Windsor in 1175. Ruaidri agreed to recognise Henry as his lord; in return, Ruaidri was allowed to keep all Ireland as his personal kingdom outside the petty kingdoms of Laigin (Leinster) and Mide as well as the city of Waterford. Henry was unwilling or unable to enforce the terms of the treaty on his barons in Ireland, who continued to gain territory in Ireland. A low point came in 1177 with a successful raid into the heart of Connacht by a party of Anglo-Normans, led by one of Ruaidri's sons, Prince Muirchertach. They were expelled, Ruaidhri ordering the blinding of Muirchertach, but over the next six years his rule was increasingly diminished by internal dynastic conflict and external attacks. Finally, in 1183, he abdicated. He was twice briefly returned to power in 1185 and 1189, but even within his home kingdom of Connacht he had become politically marginalised. He lived quietly on his estates, and died at the monastery of Cong in 1198. With the possible exception of Brian O'Neill (died 1260), no other Gaelic king was ever again recognised as king or high king
opposed by: Brian O'Neill, 12581260 Edward I of England, (12721307) Edward II of England, (13071327) opposed by: Edward Bruce, (13151318) Edward III of England, (13271377) Richard II of England, (13771399) Henry IV of England, (13991413) Henry V of England, (14131422) Henry VI of England, (14221461 and 14701471) Edward IV of England, (14611470 and 14711483) Edward V of England, (1483) Richard III of England, (14831485) Henry VII of England, (14851509) Henry VIII of England, (15091542)
Monarchy of Ireland
Monarchy of Ireland
From 19221927 - By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India
From 19271937 - By the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India The change in the King's title was effected under an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom called the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act, 1927. The Act was intended to update the name of the United Kingdom as well as the King's title to reflect the fact that most of the island of Ireland had left the United Kingdom. The Act therefore provided that:[1] "It shall be lawful for His Most Gracious Majesty by His Royal Proclamation under the Great Seal of the Realm, issued within six months after the passing of this Act, to make such alteration in the style and titles at present appertaining to the Crown as to His Majesty may seem fit"; "Parliament shall hereafter be known as and styled the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" (instead of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland); "In every Act passed and public document issued after the passing of this Act the expression "United Kingdom" shall, unless the context otherwise requires, mean Great Britain and Northern Ireland." According to The Times the "Imperial Conference proposed that, as a result of the establishment of the Irish Free State, the title of the King should be changed to "George V, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland, and the British Dominions beyond the seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India."[2] The change did not mean that the King had now assumed different Styles in the different parts of his Empire. That development did not formally occur until 1953, four years after Ireland had left the Commonwealth.
Monarchy of Ireland
James I of England, (16031625) (James VI of Scotland, I of England and of Ireland) Charles I of England, (16251649) Interregnum Charles II of England, (16601685) James II of England, (16851688) William III of England, (16891702) & Mary II of England, (16891694) Anne of Great Britain, (17021714) George I of Great Britain, (17141727) George II of Great Britain, (17271760) George III of Great Britain (17601801)
Monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (18011922) George III (18011820) George IV (18201830) William IV (18301837) Victoria (18371901) Edward VII (19011910) George V (19101927)
Monarchy of Ireland Monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland (19221949) George V (19271936) Edward VIII (1936) George VI (19361949) Monarchs of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1949) George VI (19491952) Elizabeth II (1952) Kings George I, II, and III had reigned as "King of Ireland"; after a constitutional change Georges III & IV had reigned as "King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland." Edward VIII was the first monarch to accede to the British throne with the Northern Ireland designation attached to his title. His brother, George VI was the first actually so crowned. He was also the last Monarch to reign as King in all of the island of Ireland. Monarchs' names in Irish Below is a list of the names of the monarchs and ruling Lord Protectors of Ireland in the Irish language. Henry: Einr Richard: Risterd John: Sen or Eoin Edward: adhbhard or amonn Jane: Sinad Mary: Mire Elizabeth: Eils James: Samas or Samus Oliver Cromwell: Oilibhar Cromail Richard Cromwell: Risterd Cromail Charles: Cathal or Sarlas William: Liam or Uilliam Anne: ine George: Seirse Victoria: Victeoiria
References
[1] The Times, March 4, 1927 [2] The Times, March 4, 1927 [3] Section 1 (http:/ / www. irishstatutebook. ie/ 1948/ en/ act/ pub/ 0022/ sec0001. html#zza22y1948s2) of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948.
Synchronismen der irischen Konige, Rudolf Thurneysen, ZCP 19, 1933, pp.8199 The Ui Brian Kingship in Telach Oc, James Hogan, in Feil-Sgrighinn Eoin Mhic Neill, pp.406444, ed. John Ryan, Dublin, 1938 Early Irish History and Mythology, T.F. O'Rahilly, 1946 The heir-designate in early medieval Ireland, Gearoid mac Niocaill, Irish Jurist 3 (1968), pp.32629. The rise of the Ui Neill and the high-kingship of Ireland, Francis John Byrne, O'Donnell Lecture, 1969; published Dublin, 1970
Monarchy of Ireland Irish regnal succession - a reappraisal, Donnchadh O Corrain, Studia Hibernica 11, 1971, pp739 Gaelic and Gaelicised Ireland, Kenneth Nicholls, 1972 Ri Eirenn, Ri Alban, kingship and identity in the night and tenth centuries, Maire Herbert, in Kings clerics and chronicles in Scotland, pp.6272, ed. S. Taylor, Dublin, 2000 Irish Kings and High Kings, Francis John Byrne, 1973; 3rd reprint, Dublin, 2001 Dal Cais, church and dynasty, Donnachadh O Corrain, Eiru 24, 1973, pp.169 Nationality and kingship in pre-Norman Ireland, Donnchadh O Corrain, in Nationality and the pursuit of national independence, pp.135, Historical Studies 11, ed. T.W. Moody, Belfast, 1978 The Irish royal sites in history and archeology, B. Wailes, CMCS 3, 1982, pp.129 A New History of Ireland vol. ix:maps, genealogies, lists:a companion to Irish history part II., edited T.W. Moody, F.X. Martin, F.J.Byrne, Oxford, 1984 The archaeology of early Irish kingship, Richard B. Warner, in Power and Politics in Early Medieval Britain and Ireland, pp.4768, ed. S.T. Driscoll and M.R. Nieke, Edinburgh, 1988 From Kings to Warlords:The Changing Political Structure of Gaelic Ireland in the Later Middle Ages, Katharine Simms, Dublin, 1987 The King as Judge in early Ireland, Marilyn Gerriets, CMCS 13 (1987), pp.3972. High Kingship and Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus, A.T. Fear, in EtC 30 (1994), pp.16568. Kingship, society and sacrality:rank, power and ideology in early medieval Ireland, N.B. Aitchison, in Traditio 49 (1994) pp.4547 Kings and kingship in Early Medieval Ireland, pp.6384, Daibhi O Croinin, 1995 The Kingship of Tara in Early Christian Ireland, Thomas Charles-Edwards, 1995 Kings over overkings. Propaganda for pre-eminence in early medieval Ireland, Bart Jaski, in The Propagation of Power in the Medieval West, ed. M. Gosman, A. Vanderjagt, J. Veenstra, pp.16376, Groningen, 1996 An inaugural ode to Hugh O'Connor (King of Connacht 1293-1309, Seam Mac Mathuna, ZCP 49-50, 1997, pp.2662. The inauguration of Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair at Ath an Termoinn, Elizabeth FitzPatrick, Peritia 12 (1998), pp.3518 Kings, the kingship of Leinster and the regnal poems of "laidshenchas Laigen:a reflection of dynastic politics in leinster, 650-1150, Edel Bhreathnach, in Seanchas:Studies in Early and Medieval Irish Archaeology, History and Literature in Honour of Francis John Byrne, Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2000 The Conntinuation of Bede, s.a. 750; high-kings, kings of Tara and Bretwaldas, T.M. Charles-Edwards, pp.137145, op.cit. Early Irish Kingship and Succession, Bart Jaski, Dublin, 2000 Leinster states and kings in Christian times pp.3352, The Ua Maelechlainn kings of Meath, pp.90107, Christian kings of Connacht, pp.177194, Paul Walsh, in Irish Leaders and Learning Through the Ages, ed. Nollaig O Muraile, 2003 Finghin MacCarthaigh, king of Desmond, and the mystery of the second nunnery at Clonmacnoise, Conleth Manning, in Regions and Rulers in Ireland 1100-1650, ed. David Edwards, pp.2026, Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2004 Kingship in Early Ireland, Charles Doherty, in The Kingship and Landscape of Tara, pp.331, ed. Edel Bhreathnach, Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2005 Kings named in "Baile Chuinn Chechathaig" and the Airgialla Charter Poem, Ailbhe Mac Shamhrain and Paul Byrne, in op.cit., pp.159224. High-Kings with Opposition, Maire-Therese Flannagan, in A New History of Ireland, Volume One:Pre-Historic and Early Ireland, 2008
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